云南八种秋海棠属植物的染色体数目

对 8种 (变种 )中国秋海棠属 (BegoniaL .)植物的体细胞染色体数目进行了报道 ,分别为 :盾叶秋海棠BegoniacavalerieiL啨ｖｌ. 2n =30 ;角果秋海棠B ceratocarpaS .H .HuangetShui 2n =2 0 ;掌叶秋海棠B hemsleyanaJ .D .Hooker 2n =2 0 ;长果秋海棠B longicarpaK .Y .GuanetD .K .Tian 2n =2 0 ;红孩儿B palmatavar .browingiana (Champ .exBenth .)J .GoldingetC .Kareg .2n =2 2 ;大王秋海棠B rexPutz.2n =2 2 + 1B ;勐养秋海棠B mengyangensissub sp .mengyangensisM .C .TebbittetK .Y .Guan 2n =2 2 ;变色秋海棠B versicolorIrmsch . 2n =2 2。除掌叶秋海棠、大王秋海棠和变色秋海棠外 ,其余染色体数目均为首次报道。     

云南秋海棠属植物小志

描写了云南产秋海棠属6个新种1个新变种,它们是澜沧秋海棠、角果秋海棠、盈江秋海棠、粉叶秋海棠、蔓耗秋海棠、斜叶秋海棠、红毛香花秋海棠,补充描述了8个种及新命名1种,即四棱秋海棠、不显秋海棠、薄叶秋海棠、截裂秋海棠、长柔毛秋海棠、光叶秋海棠、变色秋海棠、假厚叶秋海棠、河口秋海棠。     

用组织培养方法繁殖十种植物的试验

本文报导了十种植物的外植体(蝶瓣天竺葵:叶与芽;黄金瓜:茎端;银星秋海棠:叶与叶柄;四季海棠:叶;羽衣甘蓝:花托、花茎与叶;菊花:花托、茎与叶;矮牵牛:叶;天竺葵:叶;百合:鳞片;唐菖蒲:子球体)在组织培养过程中分化芽的方法,并取得了八种试管植物。其中蝶瓣天竺葵和银星秋海棠叶片诱导芽的分化,黄金瓜茎端的丛状增殖,羽衣甘蓝花托诱导芽的分化等工作在国外未见报导。此外,讨论了有关试管植物进行工业化生产所需注意的问题。     

云南秋海棠属植物小志

描写了云南产秋海棠属６个新种１个新变种,它们是澜沧秋海棠、角果秋海棠、盈江秋海棠、粉叶秋海棠、蔓耗秋海棠、斜叶秋海棠、红毛香花秋海棠,补充描述了８个种及新命名１种,即四棱秋海棠、不显秋海棠、薄叶秋海棠、截裂秋海棠、长柔毛秋海棠、光叶秋海棠、变色秋海棠、假厚叶秋海棠、河口秋海棠。     

蕨类植物组织培养研究进展(综述)

蕨类植物组织培养可分为以孢子为外植体的无菌播种和以孢子体为外植体进行的组织培养.本文简要介绍国内外蕨类植物组织培养研究概况,综述培养基成份、培养方式及培养条件对组织培养过程中生长发育的影响,同时介绍蕨类植物组织培养中世代转换的诱导及调控.     

青叶碧玉组织培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以青叶碧玉带芽茎段为外植体进行组织培养与快速繁殖,适宜的培养条件为:不定芽诱导培养基MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L;不定芽增殖培养基MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L;壮苗培养基1/2MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L;生根培养基1/2MS+IBA 0.1 mg/L+活性炭1 g。泥炭∶珍珠岩为3∶1的基质为适宜移栽基质。     

银星秋海棠无性系通过离体两步培养的快速繁殖

银星秋海棠(Begonia argenteo-guttata)是一种多年生草本花卉,通常用扦插繁殖。秋海棠属(Begonia)植物的一些种的组织培养已有一些报道,但几乎都是在固体培养基上进行的试验。本文简要介绍银星秋海棠在离体培养中,用固体培养和液体旋转培养的两步培养法进行无性系的快速繁殖。     

走马胎的组织培养与快速繁殖

以走马胎(Ardisia gigantifolia)幼嫩茎段为外植体, 通过腋芽增殖的方式进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明, 培养基MS+1.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L ^-1NAA和MS+0.5 mg·L ^-1 ZT均可用于腋芽的诱导和前期继代培养, 诱导率分别为89.3%和85.7%; 芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L ^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L ^-1ZT+0.1 mg·L ^-1NAA, 增殖系数为4.3倍; 根诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg·L ^-1 IAA+1.0 mg·L ^-1 NAA, 生根率达92.3%, 且根系发达, 植株健壮; 生根苗在混合基质园土:泥炭:珍珠岩=3:1:1 (v/v/v )中移栽成活率为82%。该研究建立了走马胎种苗的组织培养快速繁殖技术体系, 且可应用于规模化生产。     

走马胎的组织培养与快速繁殖

以走马胎(Ardisia gigantifolia)幼嫩茎段为外植体, 通过腋芽增殖的方式进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明, 培养基MS+1.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA+0.2 mg·L ^-1NAA和MS+0.5 mg·L ^-1 ZT均可用于腋芽的诱导和前期继代培养, 诱导率分别为89.3%和85.7%; 芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L ^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L ^-1ZT+0.1 mg·L ^-1NAA, 增殖系数为4.3倍; 根诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg·L ^-1 IAA+1.0 mg·L ^-1 NAA, 生根率达92.3%, 且根系发达, 植株健壮; 生根苗在混合基质园土:泥炭:珍珠岩=3:1:1 (v/v/v )中移栽成活率为82%。该研究建立了走马胎种苗的组织培养快速繁殖技术体系, 且可应用于规模化生产。     

湿度对变色秋海棠植株生长的调节作用

以变色秋海棠为材料,观测在不同空气湿度条件下栽培对植株生长的影响。结果表明:在平均湿度 75%的栽培环境,变色秋海棠的根系不太发达,茎的伸长生长明显,叶片大、质薄色浅、毛被较疏,叶柄长,以至 株高、冠幅增加;而在相对湿度60%以下略为胁迫的条件下,变色秋海棠的营养生长与上述指标对应相反。 由于相对湿度在变色秋海棠生长过程中的调节作用,导致变色秋海棠植株开展型和紧凑型两种观赏效果,可 根据需求,因地制宜采取不同的湿度调控进行栽培管理。     

不同培养方法对甘薯无菌苗生长的影响

试验结果表明,在甘薯组织培养中液体培养不降低无菌苗生长势,对无菌苗生长有一定促进作用,适合于甘薯无菌苗的快速繁殖。液体培养20d比相同条件下固体培养的无菌苗植株高度高出63．16％,经方差分析,差异显著,具有统计学意义;液体培养60d比相同条件下固体培养的无菌苗植株高度,单株叶片数,单叶面积分别高出59．43％,106．70％,49．82％,经方差分析,前两者差异显著,具有统计学意义。     

胡杨组织培养叶片及插穗毛状根发生

胡杨(Populus euphratica)是唯一分布在干旱沙漠地区的高大乔木, 根蘖能力强, 但自然条件下插穗难以生根, 扦插繁殖困难。该文研究发根农杆菌菌株ATCC11325诱导胡杨发根, 菌液浓度为OD₆₀₀=0.4, 添加100 mg·L^-1乙酰丁香酮, 叶片切段划伤预培养后侵染10分钟, 培养20天, 在叶片创伤部位诱导发生无向性的健壮毛状根; 浸染肉质根插穗, 须根发生和植株成活率从20%提高到60%, 且地上部分分枝多, 生长茂盛。该发根农杆菌菌株显著促进胡杨插穗生根成活。     

Roles of leaf in regulation of root and shoot growth from single node softwood cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera)

The role of leaf in regulation of root and shoot growths in single node softwood cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera) was characterised. Leafy cuttings showed early rooting, vigorous root growth and subsequent shoot development. Defoliation at planting induced early sprouting, but adversely affected rooting and decreased the survival of cuttings irrespective of pre‐planting treatment with 100 μM indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA). Treatment with IAA did not affect the percent rooting of leafy cuttings but increased root and shoot growth. Leaf weight (wt) and leaf area of the cuttings showed a highly significant correlation to root wt of the new plant at 4 wk after planting, while cutting stem + petiole wt was either not or less significantly correlated to root and shoot weights of the subsequent plant. The greater the area or wt of leaf, the better the root and shoot growths, implying that leaf contributed to adventitious root growth. However, retaining the leaf for just 2 days was enough to stimulate rooting in more than 80% of the cuttings, suggesting that leaf tissue could also induce root formation. Root growth increased with the period of leaf retention but leaf removal before 3 wk triggered sprouting leading to high mortality in rooted cuttings. Bringing the leaf closer to the rooting zone by preparing leaf at base (LAB) cuttings delayed rooting and sprouting compared with the standard leaf at top (LAT) cuttings. An inhibitory effect on rooting and sprouting by the exposed upper internode region in LAB cuttings is suggested.     

Inhibitory activity of different medicinal extracts from Thuja leaves,ginger roots,Harmal seeds and turmeric rhizomes against Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1) infecting figs in Mecca region

Fig leaf mottle-associated virus-1 (FLMaV-1) is a closterovirus newly identified in fig trees, in the Mecca region, suffering from mosaic disease symptoms and apparently is compromising the fig plantation in the country. In the present study, we demonstrated the efficiency of two in vivo experiments including pre and post treatments using Thuja leaf, ginger roots, Harmal seeds and turmeric rhizome extracts on symptoms expression of rooted cuttings infected with FLMaV-1- and their impact on virus multiplication. Results showed that individual treatments with ginger roots and turmeric rhizomes in pre-grafting experiments and Thuja extract following Harmal seeds in post grafting experiments were efficient against symptom development. In addition, results showed that the total photosynthesis pigments; total soluble intracellular proteins and total phenol contents were higher in infected treated cuttings compared with healthy ones, thus it was taken as evidence on a mutual interaction between these extracts and virus multiplication.     

Zeatin-induced one-step in vitro cloning affects the vegetative growth of cranberry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vaccinium macrocarpon</Emphasis> Ait.) micropropagules over stem cuttings

Shoot proliferation and rooting of three cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars Bergman, Pilgrim, and Stevens were obtained in vitro on a modified nutrient medium containing zeatin following a one-step procedure. Bergman and Stevens differed in terms of shoot height, leaf number per shoot, rooting frequency, root number per explant, and root length; this was manifested with various concentrations of zeatin. Shoots proliferated and roots developed best when nodal segments were cultured in the medium supplemented with very low concentration of zeatin (2–4 μM). Such zeatin-induced tissue culture (TC) shoots of Bergman, Pilgrim, and Stevens were rooted ex vitro and compared with those propagated by conventional softwood cuttings (SC) for growth and morphology over four growth seasons. Significant interactions for leaf number per upright were observed among the treatments. The cultivars differed in terms of runner number per plant, upright length, number of leaves per upright, and shoot vigor. The propagation method had an effect on morphology of cranberry plants. The TC plants produced more runners and uprights with more leaves per upright than the conventional cuttings. This increase in vegetative growth of in vitro-derived plants over stem cuttings varied among genotypes. In vitro culture on zeatin-containing nutrient medium apparently induces the juvenile branching characteristics that favored enhanced vegetative growth with more shoots and leaf production.     

南美香瓜梨离体培养快速复壮繁殖的研究

南美香瓜梨茎段被移植在ＭＳ基本培养基上,其中添加有ＢＡ６．０（ｍｇ／Ｌ以下单位相同）、ＩＢＡ０．２培养４周后增殖到３．８倍。用其嫩叶切块,在含有２,４—Ｄ０．５,ＢＡ０．２５的ＭＳ培养基上先诱导形成绿色愈伤组织,然后转入含ＢＡ６．０和ＩＢＡ０．２的ＭＳ培养基上,产生丛生不定芽。将２．５～３．０ｃｍ的不定芽切下移入含ＩＢＡ０．５与０．２％活性炭,１／２ＭＳ无机盐的培养基上,２５天后诱导生根,移栽成活率达９０％以上。     

Multiplication of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysanthemum</Emphasis> shoots in bioreactors as affected by culture method and inoculation density of single node stems

Single node cuttings (1 cm in length) of Chrysanthemum were cultured on gelled and liquid media to compare shoot multiplication efficiency. Liquid culture resulted in greater fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length and leaf area compared to gelled culture. Shoots from liquid culture grew vigorously without hyperhydricity, showing 100% ex vitro survival. To determine optimal inoculation density of single nodes in a bioreactor, different numbers of single nodes (20 or 40 or 60 or 80) were placed into a 10-l column-type bioreactor. Shoot length was greatest at the 80-node inoculation, with the least number of branches, indicating the best inoculation density tested for shoot multiplication in bioreactors. In the final experiment, single-node cuttings in bioreactors were treated with three different culture systems: ebb and flood, deep flow technique (DFT) culture and immersion. Results indicated that the DFT culture led to the greatest fresh weight, shoot length and leaf area, followed by the ebb and flood culture, while the immersion culture suppressed shoot multiplication due to the lack of oxygen and the high water potential. Our results suggested the possibility of large-scale production of Chrysanthemum shoots in bioreactors.     

云南几种野生茶生态环境与引种试验的初步研究

调查了产于滇东南的3种野生茶（秃房茶Camellia gymnogyna Chang、厚轴茶C.crassicolumna Chang 和普洱茶C.sinensis var.assamica Kitamura)的生态 环境,其中普洱茶属国家二级保护植物,它们均分布于海拔100～2540 m的常绿阔叶林或山地苔藓林中。在5年时间里,先后采集上述3种野生茶的插条、小 苗和种子,进行了引种繁殖试验。结果表明野生茶在昆明地区的引种驯化已取得初步成功 ;扦插和小苗移栽的时间以6～8月份为宜;扦插成功的关键是插条须“现采现插”,扦插成 活率最高可达88%;种子具有休眠期,用700×10     

A Comparison of Screening Techniques for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Three screening tests for resistance to Verticillium wilt in alfalfa using stem cuttings were compared including: stem infusion with a fungal culture filtrate (SIF), leaf injection with a spore inoculum (LII) and stem infusion with a spore inoculum (SII). The disease severity indice (DSI) determined by the three tests were very similar on average and were significantly correlated for a population of 142 plants regenerated from tissue culture. The DSIs determined by the LII test were also significantly correlated with the DSIs determined by the North American Standard test in a population of 20 Vertus (c.v.) plants. The results suggest that the assays using stem cuttings are effective for determining resistance to Verticillium wilt in alfalfa. Because they are nondestructive and quicker than the North American Standard test, these methods should find application in alfalfa breeding.     

Rooted leaf cuttings as an aid in screening for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae

Rooted leaf cuttings were used to screen a range of genotypes and cultivars from Brassica spp. and Raphanus sativus for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae. The optimum conditions for obtaining equivalent disease incidence and disease severity on leaf cuttings and on seedlings were investigated. In the method used leaves were cut near the base of the petiole before the lamina was fully expanded. They were kept in a mist propagator for 6 to 18 days and then transferred to a clubroot test bench and individually inoculated with a suspension of resting spores. There was an optimum period for each cultivar between cutting and inoculation which gave the maximum incidence of infection: c. 15 days for Doon Major (swede); 10–15 days for Civasto (stubble turnip) and Giant Rape (forage rape); c. 22 days for Maris Kestrel (marrow stem kale) and c. 10 days for Slobolt (fodder radish). Gall size on rooted leaf cuttings gave a quantitative measure of disease severity equivalent to that on seedlings in tests using the European Clubroot Differential host set, the five above-mentioned cultivars and four swede cultivars. There was little callus production except on some B. campestris hosts and on cuttings with shoot tissue; microscopic examination was used to confirm the presence or absence of infection in galls. Hormone rooting powder did not increase the rate of root production in two cultivars of forage rape. Root development was less extensive in B. campestris than in B. oleracea or B. napus. Apparently normal shoots developed on 96% of leaf cuttings (inoculated and uninoculated) in which a fragment of axillary bud tissue was included. The results are discussed in relation to screening for resistance in whole plants and in tissue culture.