金黄色葡萄球菌CHIPS基因克隆及原核表达

趋化抑制蛋白(Chemotaxis Inhibitory Protein ofStaphylococcus aureus,CHIPS)是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌到菌体外的一种蛋白。在感染早期,它能特异性地与中性粒细胞和单核细胞上的C5a受体(C5aR)和fMLP受体(FPR)结合,从而阻止中性粒细胞和单核细胞对C5a和fMLP的结合作用,导致对病原吞噬作用的延迟。人们可以利用CHIPS对C5a-C5aR的阻止作用来研制治疗由C5a诱发的炎症性疾病的药物。将CHIPS作为免疫原防治疾病也将成为新的研究课题。实验成功构建了CHIPS蛋白的原核表达系统,为CHIPS免疫原性研究及蛋白的其他功能研究奠定了基础。     

趋化因子受体CX3CR1的分子结构及生物学功能

趋化因子受体CX3CR1是一个由1065个核苷酸编码,355个氨基酸组成的功能蛋白,是近年来发现的除CCR5、CXCR4、CCR2b和CCR3之外又一个新的与HIV－1感染有关的辅助受体,该受体某些基因的突变与HIV－1感染的进程有密切关系,本文对该受体的分子结构,生物学特性和与疾病的相关性进行了介绍,以进一步了解趋化蛋白受体家族与某些疾病感染的分子机理。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1与2型糖尿病大血管病变

单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1;MCP-1)属于炎症趋化因子CC亚族成员,它能趋化T淋巴细胞、单核细胞,诱导内皮细胞、单核细胞释放黏附因子,使单核/巨噬细胞向病变处聚集。这些免疫及炎症过程有可能导致2型糖尿病大血管病变的发生、发展。本文就单核细胞趋化蛋白-1促使动脉粥样硬化的机制、及其干预治疗,单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达上调的影响因素,深入了解单核细胞趋化蛋白-1与2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系。     

海洋细菌粪产碱菌J481中DMS趋化受体的鉴定

【目的】β-二甲基巯基丙酸(β-dimethylsufoniopropionate,DMSP)是海洋环境中重要的含硫有机化合物,会被海洋中的微生物裂解并释放出挥发性气体二甲基硫醚(dimethylsulfide,DMS)。该反应的生物学意义尚不明确,前人曾有少量研究表明DMSP可能是趋化效应物。本研究旨在鉴定DMSP趋化作用中的信号分子以及该过程中的趋化受体基因。【方法】挖掘出基因组中含有甲基趋化受体蛋白结构域(methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein,MCP)的全部基因,并预测趋化受体蛋白的结构特征及功能。通过同源重组构建所有趋化受体的缺失突变株,并通过软琼脂平板实验观察趋化表型确定DMS的趋化受体。【结果】对不同化合物DMSP、DMS、丙烯酸进行鉴别后,明确趋化信号分子为DMS。从粪产碱菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)J481基因组中一共挖掘到8个潜在编码趋化受体蛋白的基因,分别构建对应的缺失突变株,并通过实验筛选出D6I95_17420基因为编码识别DMS的趋化受体蛋白基因。【结论】D6I95_17420基因为编码DMS的趋化受体蛋白的基因,为之后进一步阐明DMS作为信号分子在细胞内的调控作用奠定了基础。     

人单核细胞趋化因子蛋白-1的临床研究进展

细胞因子是一类重要的生命调节因子,参与机体的多种机能活动,在众多已发现的细胞因子中,人单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1),又称单核细胞趋化激活因子(MCAF),正逐渐引起人们的注意。它可由体内的多种细胞产生,如:单核细胞、内皮细胞、成骨细胞、平滑肌细胞、表皮细胞和一些肿瘤细胞。MCP-1不仅能趋化单核细胞,而且还能激活单核细胞参与机体的免疫应答,在机体的防御,炎症恢复及抗肿瘤等方面起重要作用。目前大量研究证实,在人类多种疾病中都发现了MCP-1的存在。本文就其在临床方面的研究进展综述如下。     

CD36调控脂质代谢作用及机制

脂质代谢是机体的重要代谢过程,其紊乱会导致众多疾病的发生。人类白细胞分化抗原36(cluster of differentiation 36,CD36)是一种在单核细胞、巨噬细胞、平滑肌细胞以及脂肪细胞高度表达的清道夫受体,是识别氧化低密度脂蛋白及长链脂肪酸的主要受体和转运蛋白,在脂质代谢过程中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了CD36基因及蛋白的结构和生理功能,阐述了清道夫受体CD36在脂质代谢过程中发挥的作用,并系统地总结了其级联AMPK、mTOR和MAPK信号通路参与脂质代谢过程的分子机制,为相关生物学研究提供了理论基础。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白—1生物学特性及应用研究

趋化因子是不同类型细胞分泌的低分子量 (8～ 1 0ｋＤ)的细胞因子 ,它们对各种白细胞亚类如中性粒白细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞具有趋化作用。根据其 4个保守的半胱氨酸残基中前两个的位置 ,可将它们分成ＣＣ、ＣＸＣ、ＣＸ3Ｃ、Ｃ等 4个亚家族。趋化因子具有以下几个特点 :(1 )趋化因子在体外趋化一种或多种髓样细胞 ,(2 )脂多糖 (ＬＰＳ)、肿瘤坏死因子 (ＴＮＦ)、白介素 1 (ＩＬ 1 )、前炎症刺激物可导致大多数趋化因子的产生和分泌 ,(3 )动物皮内注射趋化因子均可引起炎症浸润[1] 。1 .单核细胞趋化蛋白 1 (ＭＣＰ 1 )生物学功能单核细胞…     

重组人GM-CSF/MCAF融合蛋白的构建及其体内外抗肿瘤研究

以单核细胞趋化激活因子(MCAF)作为导向效应细胞(单核细胞)到靶部位的因子,与粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CFS)融合构建成细胞因子融合蛋白rhGM-CSF/MCAF.它分别保留各自较高的生物学活性及具有协同与增强功能.体外抗肿瘤试验表明,它激活单核细胞后能抑制多种肿瘤细胞的生长.裸鼠抗肿瘤试验同样显示明显的抑瘤效应,且优于rhGM-CSF.病理组织学检查提示这种抗肿瘤作用是通过将大量的单核细胞募集到肿瘤部位来实现的.     

CTL趋化蛋白在抗病毒中的作用

趋化蛋白是一类与炎症反应密切相关的小分子蛋白南,在机体抗病毒免疫中起重要作用。某些趋化蛋白可正向趋化、吸收病毒持异性ＣＴＬ至病感染局部ＣＴＬ除可直接裂解感染细胞或释放广谱的抗因子以精除病毒感染外,还可分泌多种趋化蛋白,介导各种非特异性炎性细胞,甚至牧场划性ＣＴ本身的迁移、增殖和协同作用在抗病毒感染中发挥协调作用。某些病毒可编码产生趋化蛋白／趋化蛋白受体样分子或拮抗剂,逃避宿主免疫细胞的攻击。     

趋化因子与哺乳动物生殖

趋化因子(chemokine)通过其G蛋白偶联的受体介导白细胞在各种组织内迁移。最近发现,白细胞介素—8(IL-8)、单核细胞趋化蛋白—1(MCP—1)、调节激活的正常T细胞表达和分泌的蛋白(RANTES)、调节生长的原癌基因α(GRO-α)、粒细胞趋化蛋白—2(GCP—2)等趋化因子在卵泡发育、闭锁、排卵、类固醇激素生成、黄体功能、月经周期、着床、子宫颈成熟、早产和子宫内膜异位症等生殖过程中具有重要的调节作用。     

"Waste gas is not waste": advance in the research of hydrogen sulfide

The discovery of endogenous gasotransmitters puts forwards a new concept, "waste gas is not waste". Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is considered as a new member of gasotransmitter family, following nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Recently, the understanding of H(2)S biological effect and its mechanisms has been deepened, especially the pathophysiological significance of H(2)S in the various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine diseases, etc. This article reviews recent progress of basic, clinical and pharmacological researches related to endogenous H(2)S, including the regulatory effects of H(2)S on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and ion channels, the role of endogenous H(2)S pathway in the pathogenesis of various diseases, as well as the study of the H(2)S donor and H(2)S-related drugs.     

肠道菌群与乙型肝炎病毒感染相关肝病的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)可引起人体急性或慢性感染,甚至导致肝硬化或肝癌,其作用机制目前仍未完全阐明。近年来,肠-肝轴受到广泛关注,肠道微生态的相关研究迅速发展,越来越多的实验结果表明,肠道菌群(gut microbiota, GM)与HBV相关肝病的发生和发展具有一定关联。GM可能是了解HBV感染发病机制的一个新视角,并为HBV相关疾病的治疗提供新靶点,这将对未来的治疗策略产生积极影响。本文就HBV感染者肠道菌群与乙型肝炎相关肝病的研究进展进行综述。     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶与疾病

炎症是众多疾病如自体免疫紊乱、神经退行性病变、心血管疾病和癌症发展的病理机制,诱导型一氧化氮合酶在炎症过程中被诱导表达,产生过量的一氧化氮,引发炎症级联反应,进而导致以上多种疾病发生。抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达在体内体外实验及临床使用中均体现抗炎效果和症状改善。本文综述了诱导型一氧化氮合酶在炎症过程中诱导表达及与各类重大疾病联系的最新进展,并展望了诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂作为抗炎治疗策略的前景。     

酸性鞘磷脂酶/神经酰胺通路在疾病发生发展中 作用机制的研究进展

酸性鞘磷脂酶/神经酰胺通路可介导细胞凋亡、炎症和自噬等多种细胞活动,与心脑血管疾病、代谢类疾病、肺部和肝部疾病以及 神经系统疾病等多种疾病的发生、发展密切相关。酸性鞘磷脂酶现已成为多种疾病的临床生物标记物和潜在的治疗靶点。综述酸性鞘磷脂 酶/神经酰胺通路在各种疾病中的生物学功能和作用机制最新研究进展,旨在为相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。     

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel therapeutic paradigm

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been revealed to hold great potential for the development of new treatment approaches for various diseases. However, the clinical use of these cells is limited due to their tumorigenic effects. The therapeutic benefits of MSCs are largely dependent on paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-sized bilayer membrane structures containing lipids, microRNAs and proteins which play key roles in cell-to-cell communications. Because of their lower immunogenicity, tumorigenicity, and easier management, EVs have emerged as a new promising alternative to whole-cell therapy. Therefore, this paper reviews current preclinical studies on the use of EVs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (hucMSCs) as a therapeutic approach in treatment of several diseases including neurological, cardiovascular, liver, kidney, and bone diseases as well as the cutaneous wound, inflammatory bowel disease, cancers, infertility, and other disorders.     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of hypolipidemic compounds based on BRD4 inhibitor RVX-208

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this study, we introduced the pharmacophore of fibrates to a BRD4 inhibitor, RVX-208, to design dual-active hypolipidemic compounds, and found that some of new analogues showed favorable hypolipidemic activities. Synthetic accessibility towards this class of compounds optimized RVX-208 as well as would supply more thoughts on hypolipidemic drugs.     

鞘氨醇激酶-磷酸鞘氨醇轴在血管生成相关性疾病中的作用

血管生成是指在原有血管的基础上形成新血管的过程.病理性血管生成是癌症、心血管类疾病和视网膜病变等一系列疾病的标志.1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)是一种信号脂质,由鞘氨醇激酶(sphingosine kinases,SPHK)合成,通过5种G蛋白偶联受体(sphingosine-...     

Gold compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases

The application of gold in medicine is traceable for several thousand years and Au(i) compounds have been used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis since the last century. Recently research into gold-based drugs for a range of human diseases has seen a renaissance. Old as well as new Au(i) and Au(iii) compounds have been used and designed with an aim of targeting cellular components that are implicated in the onset or progression of cancers, rheumatoid arthiritis, viral and parasitic diseases. In addition, new disease targets have been found for gold compounds that have given insight into the mechanism of action of these compounds, as well as in the molecular pathophysiology of human diseases. Here we discuss the rationale for the design and use of gold compounds that have specific and selective targets in cells to alleviate the symptoms of a range of human diseases. We summarise the most recent findings in this research and our own discoveries to show that gold compounds can be developed to become versatile and powerful drugs for diseases caused by dysfunction of selenol and thiol containing proteins.     

Biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders： How good are they？

Biomarkers are very important indicators of normal and abnormal biological processes. Specific changes in pathologies,biochemistries and genetics can give us comprehensive information regarding the nature of any particular disease. A good biomarker should be precise and reliable, distinguishable between normal and interested disease, and differentiable between different diseases. It is believed that biomarkers have great potential in predicting chances for diseases, aiding in early diagnosis, and setting standards for the development of new remedies to treat diseases. New technologies have enabled scientists to identify biomarkers of several different neurodegenerative diseases. The followings, for instance,are only a few of the many new biomarkers that have been recently identified: the phosphorylated tau protein and aggregated β-amyloid peptide for Alzheimer‘s disease (AD), α-synuclein contained Lewy bodies and altered dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging for Parkinson‘s disease (PD), SOD mutations for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and CAG repeats resulted from Huntington‘s gene mutations in Huntington‘s disease (HD). This article will focus on the most-recent findings of biomarkers belonging to the four mentioned neurodegenerative diseases.