枸杞花药愈伤组织悬浮培养条件下胚状体发生与植株再生

采用枸杞花药进行离体培养,建立细胞系,诱导植株再生,结果在含不同激素的4种培养基上都诱导出了愈伤组织,诱导率为17%～169%。愈伤组织在MS 2,4D05mg/L的固体培养基上,经2～3次培养后,获颗粒状胚性愈伤组织,颗粒状胚性愈伤组织转入含相同成分的液体培养基中进行振荡培养,24h后获得大量单细胞。单细胞液经过多次继代培养,建立起稳定的悬浮系。悬浮细胞在液体培养基中培养8～10d可获得含有大量胚状体的愈伤组织块,收集悬浮培养物转移到MS 6BA02mg/L的固体培养基上,胚状体能够萌发形成大量绿色小芽,小芽转入生根培养基(MS NAA02mg/L)中20d后得到完整植株。植株根尖细胞经细胞学鉴定为单倍体。     

彩纹海棠的快速繁殖研究

彩纹海棠叶片培养在MS基本培养基中,研究植物的激素、培养基的物理性质对器官形成的影响及试管苗移栽技术等.试验结果表明细胞分裂素BA促进芽的形成和增殖。BA和NAA配合使用,对叶片形成芽有增效作用。通过继代培养,能繁殖大量无根苗。将无根苗转入含有NAA0.2mg/L或IBA ling/L的1/2MS培养基中,诱导生根形成完整植株。诱导叶片形成芽应采用固体培养基;而液体静置培养则有利于促进芽发育成苗和生根。试管苗移栽获得成功,幼苗生长良好。     

银星秋海棠无性系通过离体两步培养的快速繁殖

银星秋海棠(Begonia argenteo-guttata)是一种多年生草本花卉,通常用扦插繁殖。秋海棠属(Begonia)植物的一些种的组织培养已有一些报道,但几乎都是在固体培养基上进行的试验。本文简要介绍银星秋海棠在离体培养中,用固体培养和液体旋转培养的两步培养法进行无性系的快速繁殖。     

百合不定芽培养脱毒种球生产的研究

百合不定芽培养再生植株的病毒脱毒效果因百合品种和病毒种类而有所差异;‘卡萨布兰卡’百合潜在病毒（LSV）容易脱去,脱毒率达76%,‘魅丽’黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）能全部脱去。‘卡萨布兰卡’不定芽培养在固体培养基和液体培养基都能很好形成子球;在含有抗病毒剂（10 mg/L DHT）的液体培养基中子球增大显著,LSV脱毒效果理想。无病毒子球移到有防虫网的户外栽培,2年后部分植株被检测出病毒,再感染率因品种而不同,‘卡萨布兰卡’高达73%,麝香百合‘乔治亚’仅17%;无病毒植株‘乔治亚’,香华丽百合和‘卡萨布兰卡’的生长高度要比有病毒植株明显增高。     

百合不定芽培养脱毒种球生产的研究

百合不定芽培养再生植株的病毒脱毒效果因百合品种和病毒种类而有所差异;‘卡萨布兰卡’百合潜在病毒(LSV)容易脱去,脱毒率达76％,‘魅丽’黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)能全部脱去。‘卡萨布兰卡’不定芽培养在固体培养基和液体培养基都能很好形成子球;在含有抗病毒剂(10mg／L DHT)的液体培养基中子球增大显著,LSV脱毒效果理想。无病毒子球移到有防虫网的户外栽培,2年后部分植株被检测出病毒,再感染率因品种而不同,‘卡萨布兰卡’高达73％,麝香百合‘乔治亚’仅17％;无病毒植株‘乔治亚’．香华丽百合和‘卡萨布兰卡’的生长高度要比有病毒植株明显增高。     

番茄ACC合酶反义基因对河套蜜瓜的转化

河套蜜瓜（CucumismeloLcvHetau）的子叶经预培养。芽诱导和生根培养,获得再生小植株,诱导率达58％。取带有番茄ACC合酶反义基因的双元载体pMQ6／JM109与农杆菌（Agrobacteriumtumefaciens）LBA4404经三亲融合后,与在MS0上萌发5d、并在MS＋1mg／LNAA培养基上预培养3d的子叶共培养48h,然后转入含50mg／L卡那霉素的MS＋6mg／LZT的芽诱导培养基中,1l个月后诱导生芽,待芽长1．5－2cm时转入生根培养基中,1－2周后可诱导产生大量的根,形成完整的转基因小植株。经PCR和分子杂交检测证明,目的基因已整合入河套蜜瓜的基因组中。     

疣粒野生稻胚性悬浮细胞系的建立及其原生质体的培养和植株再生

云南疣粒野生稻的成熟种子经55℃温度处理3d打破休眠后,在诱导培养基上诱导出愈伤组织。挑选胚性愈伤组织置于液体培养基中振荡培养,经3个月的继代培养,建立胚性细胞悬浮系。悬浮细胞经酶解、去壁后获得大量原生质体,固体包埋后添加液体培养基进行原生质体培养。在培养过程中调节培养体系的渗透压,获得小愈伤组织;经增殖后在分化培养基上诱导产生胚状体,成功得到疣粒野生稻的原生质体再生植株。     

甘蓝下胚轴原生质体再生植株

经纯化后,甘蓝下胚轴原生质体的产量为1．5×10⁶g^-1(Fw),采用液体浅层培养的方法进行培养。2～3d后,发生第一次分裂,第10天,统计分裂频率为6l％,5周内形成大量的细胞团和小愈伤组织,统计植板率为1．1％,把小愈伤组织转到与原生质体培养基相同激素的MS固体培养基上增殖。当愈伤组织长到3～5mm大小时,接到分化培养基上,芽分化率为46.7％．分化出来的芽长到3～4cm长时,从基部切下,插入生根培养基,两星期左右即可长成完整植株。     

基因组对芸苔属作物原生质体培养及植株再生的影响

本文以包心菜、芜菁油菜、浙油６０１的无菌苗叶肉原生质体为材料,经不同液体培养基浅层培养,细胞分裂并形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织经增殖后,转到分化培养基上诱导分化,均获得了再生植株。本文着重研究了植物基因组对原生质体分裂频率及植株再生的影响。研究结果表明：（１）植物基因组对原生质体分裂频率的影响随原生质体培养基的不同而异;（２）植物基因组对原生质体再生植株影响显著,芜菁油菜的Ａ基因组不利于原生质体再生植株     

提高大岩桐试管苗移栽成活率的实验

取芽或茎尖经HgCl消毒后获得无菌外植体，将其接种于不同组合的培养基上并获得小植株，将小植株进行继代、生根培养，经炼苗后移栽，成活率很高。     

Callus Induction and Organ Differentiation in the Tissue Culture of Begonia fimbristipula Hance

This paper reports the organ differentiation in the tissue culture of Begonia fimbristipula Hance. Three types of regenerated plantlets were obtained: (1) callus differentiation, (2) growth center induced from the aseptic seedling leaf and (3) shoots were differentiated from roots developed from the callus. Callus could be obtained on SH medium as well as on MS basic medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.1 ppm) +NAA (2.5 ppm) +KT (0.25 ppm). Experiments were carried out to compare the effects of different concentrations of sucrose on callus induction. It was found that the differentiation rate of callus was higher on MS medium than on SH medium. Comparative experiments were also carried out to find out the efficiency of callus differentiation by BA and 2ip at various concentrations. The better differentiation of callus was obtained at the range 0.25—2 ppm of BA, The cytological investigations showed that individual plantlet grown on the leaf was originated from the epidermal cells. According to our study, numerous plantlets can be obtained from a single leaf of aseptic seedlings. It is possible that this technique provides a way of rapid donal propogation of Begonia fimbristipula Hance.     

文心兰原球茎液体增殖培养研究

以茎尖诱导形成的原球茎(protocorm-like bodies,PLBs)为外殖体,采用液体培养方式比较了不同浓度的激素配比、蔗糖浓度和添加不同量的新鲜椰汁对文心兰PLBs增殖的影响,并比较了相同培养基成分时液体培养PLBs增殖、分化成苗和固体培养PLBs增殖和分化成苗的差异。试验结果表明:不同浓度的外源激素及其配比对文心兰PLBs增殖生长影响较大,6-BA0.5 mg/L Ad 0.05 mg/L NAA0.05 mg/L的激素组合比较适合文心兰PLBs增殖;蔗糖浓度对文心兰PLBs增殖的影响也较大,适合文心兰PLB在液体培养条件下增殖的蔗糖浓度为7.5 g/L;添加5%新鲜椰汁不仅对文心兰PLBs增殖有促进作用,而且能改善PLBs的质量;适合文心兰PLBs增殖的培养基为MS 6-BA0.5 mg/L Ad 0.05 mg/L NAA0.05 mg/L 5%椰汁 蔗糖7.5 g/L。文心兰PLBs在5周内的增殖生长曲线呈倒"V"字形,第3周的增殖速度达最高峰,而固体培养基PLBs增殖速度较慢,生长曲线几乎成直线。液体增殖的PLBs分化成苗较固体培养增殖的PLBs差。     

Rapid micropropagation via axillary bud proliferation of Adhatoda vasica Nees from nodal segments

A protocol for rapid multiplication of Adhatoda vasica has been developed through nodal explants from field grown mature plants. The maximum number of shoots, i.e., 7.75 +/- 0.392 differentiated from split nodal halves on MS medium supplemented with BA (10.0 mg/l) during 4 weeks of culture. Maximum number of shoots formed per explant increased to ca. 30 within 6 weeks of subculture on medium containing BA (1.0 mg/l) and Kn (1.0 mg/l). The isolated shoots rooted 90% in MS medium containing IBA (0.1 mg/l) in 2 weeks. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to soil in glasshouse and subsequently in field. The plantlets rooted in liquid medium did not survive, but those rooted on solid medium showed more than 75% survival. In vitro raised plants grew successfully ex vitro till flowering.     

An alternative method for the genetic transformation of sweet organce

Summary An alternative method for transforming sweet organe [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] has been developed. Plasmid DNA encoding the non-destructive selectable marker enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was introduced using polyethylene glycol into protoplasts of ‘Itaborai’ sweet organe isolated from an embryogenic nucellar-derived suspension culture. Following protoplast culture in liquid medium and transfer to solid medium, transformed calluses were identified via expression of the green fluorescent protein, physically separated from non-transformed tissue, and cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction medium. Transgenic plantlets were recovered from germinating somatic embryos and by in vitro rooting of shoots. To expedite transgenic plant recovery, regenerated shoots were also micrografted onto sour orange seedling rootstocks. Presence of the transgene in calluses and regenerated sweet organe plants was verified by gene amplification and Southern analyses. Potential advantages of this transformation system over the commonly used Agrobacterium methods for citrus are discussed.     

发根农杆菌转化怀地黄再生植株

利用发根农杆菌15834菌株感染怀地黄组培苗子叶、叶柄和茎切段,建立了有效的毛状根培养及其植株再生体系。毛状根可直接从受伤的外植体产生,能在无外源激素的1/2MS固体和液体培养基上自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。用100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮处理对数生长期的农杆菌菌液感染子叶获得了46.7%的最高转化频率;在附加0.2mg/L KT和3.0mg/L 6/BA的1/2 MS培养基上,毛状根能100%形成愈伤组织,51.49%分化出芽;分化芽在1/2 MS培养基上100%生根,形成具有矮化、节间短和根系发达等特征的转化再生植株且移栽后生长旺盛;1个转化毛状根克隆的梓醇含量为0.557mg/g,是鲜地黄梓醇含量的48.5%,是生地鲜重梓醇含量的18%。rolB基因PCR、Southem blot分析、冠瘿碱纸电泳和RT-PCR扩增检测证明农杆菌Ri质粒上的T-DNA整合到怀地黄基因组中并表达。     

沙葱(Allium mongolicum Regel)离体培养再生可育植株

以沙葱（Allium mongolicum Regel)的叶基切段作外植体,成功地诱导出愈伤组织和再生植株。诱导愈僵组织的培养基为附加2mgL^-22,4-D和0.2mgL^-1KT的MS培养基。愈伤组织转移到附加2mgL^-16BA和0.4mgL^-1NAA的MS培养基后分化出大量的苗;分化苗在含有IBA1mgL^-1的1/2MS培养基上生根最佳。再生植株移栽成活率在95%以上。移栽到田间的植株第二年以后可正常开花结实。     

甘蓝型油菜与芝麻菜体的细胞杂交

为拓宽油菜育种的基因资源库, 改良油菜品种, 以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)花油3号下胚轴和芝麻菜(Eruca sativa)下胚轴为材料分离制备原生质体; 然后采用PEG-高Ca2+-高pH法进行原生质体融合, 当PEG浓度为35%, 原生质体融合密度为5×105个/mL时, 融合25 min时, 融合率可达18.2%。融合后在培养密度为1×105个/mL时, 以附加1.0 mg/L 2,4-D +0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+ 200 mg/L肌醇+300 mg/L水解酪蛋白的改良的KM8p为融合体培养基, 以0.1 mol/L 蔗糖+0.2 mol/L葡萄糖+0.2 mol/L甘露醇作渗透稳定剂进行液体浅层培养, 效果较好, 愈伤组织再生率最高为6.8%。将融合体再生的小愈伤组织转移至培养基(B5无机盐+0.087 mol/L蔗糖+0.2 mg/L 2, 4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.5% Agar, pH 5.8)上增殖培养, 待愈伤组织长至直径为3~5 mm时, 及时将其转至分化培养基(MS无机盐+0.087 mol/L 蔗糖+0.1 mg/L IAA+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.8% Agar, pH 5.8)中诱导不定芽再生, 芽分化率为35.7%。当不定芽长为2~3 cm时, 将其切下转入附加0.5 mg/L IBA+0.2 mg/L 6-BA的1/2MS生根培养基中诱导生根, 14 d左右即可形成再生植株, 生根率可达88%。同时, 以紫外线(60 μW/cm2)照射芝麻菜原生质体, 进行不对称融合, 照射2 min的获得了愈伤组织和再生植株, 照射4 min的只获得愈伤组织, 而照射5 min以上的没有获得愈伤组织, 但其愈伤组织再生、增殖及植株再生均不如对称融合。从细胞学鉴定的21块杂种愈伤组织上再生出16株杂种植株。     

Regenerative ability of somatic single and multiple embryos from cotyledons of Korean ginseng on hormone-free medium

Cotyledon explants of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) produced somatic embryos directly on growth regulator-free medium. Somatic embryos developed as either multiple or single-state forms, depending on the degree of maturity of the cotyledons. Cotyledon explants from midmature zygotic embryos formed multiple embryos, while cotyledons from fully mature zygotic embryos formed single embryos. Somatic single embryos regenerated into normal plantlets with both roots and shoots, while multiple embryos did not produce roots but regenerated only into multiple shoots. In full-strength MS basal medium, the root growth of plantlets derived from single embryos was weak compared to that of shoots. Deletion of ammonium nitrate from the MS medium promoted the root growth of the plantlets. The ginseng plants with well-developed shoots and roots regenerated from single embryos were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse when they were planted in soil. Received: 19 July 1997 / Revision received: 6 October 1997 / Accepted: 3 October 1997     

甘蓝型油菜与芝麻菜体的细胞杂交

为拓宽油菜育种的基因资源库, 改良油菜品种, 以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus)花油3号下胚轴和芝麻菜(Eruca sativa)下胚轴为材料分离制备原生质体; 然后采用PEG-高Ca2+-高pH法进行原生质体融合, 当PEG浓度为35%, 原生质体融合密度为5×105个/mL时, 融合25 min时, 融合率可达18.2%。融合后在培养密度为1×105个/mL时, 以附加1.0 mg/L 2,4-D +0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+ 200 mg/L肌醇+300 mg/L水解酪蛋白的改良的KM8p为融合体培养基, 以0.1 mol/L 蔗糖+0.2 mol/L葡萄糖+0.2 mol/L甘露醇作渗透稳定剂进行液体浅层培养, 效果较好, 愈伤组织再生率最高为6.8%。将融合体再生的小愈伤组织转移至培养基(B5无机盐+0.087 mol/L蔗糖+0.2 mg/L 2, 4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.5% Agar, pH 5.8)上增殖培养, 待愈伤组织长至直径为3~5 mm时, 及时将其转至分化培养基(MS无机盐+0.087 mol/L 蔗糖+0.1 mg/L IAA+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.8% Agar, pH 5.8)中诱导不定芽再生, 芽分化率为35.7%。当不定芽长为2~3 cm时, 将其切下转入附加0.5 mg/L IBA+0.2 mg/L 6-BA的1/2MS生根培养基中诱导生根, 14 d左右即可形成再生植株, 生根率可达88%。同时, 以紫外线(60 μW/cm2)照射芝麻菜原生质体, 进行不对称融合, 照射2 min的获得了愈伤组织和再生植株, 照射4 min的只获得愈伤组织, 而照射5 min以上的没有获得愈伤组织, 但其愈伤组织再生、增殖及植株再生均不如对称融合。从细胞学鉴定的21块杂种愈伤组织上再生出16株杂种植株。