中国跃蛃属一新种(石蛃目,石蛃科)

描述了采自浙江江山的跃蛃属Pedetontinus 1新种,命名为尹氏跃蛃Pedetontinus yinae sp.nov..描述了新种的形态特征,并同属内近似种进行了比较.模式标本保存于南京师范大学生命科学学院.     

中国跃蛃属(石蛃目,石蛃科)一新种记述

记述采自河南栾川龙浴湾跃蛃属1新种,即Pedetontinus luanchuanensis sp.nov.并修订跃蛃属已知种的检索表。栾川跃蛃,新种Pedetontinus luanchuanensis sp.nov.(图1～28)体长8.5～12.0mm,复眼长/宽为0.84～0.88,中连线/长为0.43～0.48,复眼中缘具浅黄色色斑,阳基侧突为1+5型,阳茎基节/端节为3.0～3.2,阳茎和阳基侧突位于第Ⅸ肢基片的2/3。新种与宋氏跃蛃P.songi Zhang&Li相似,但复眼中连线/长、阳茎基节/端节具明显区别(宋氏跃蛃复眼中连线/长为0.72,宋氏跃蛃P.songi阳茎基节/端节为2.0)。正模♂,编号ZJNUSB040,河南栾川龙浴湾,海拔1045m,2010-08-15,张加勇、李涛采。词源:新种以采集地所在的市命名。     

中国哈蛃属(石蛃目,石蛃科)一新种及赫氏哈蛃重新描述(英文)

记述采自江苏南京栖霞山哈蛃属1新种栖霞哈蛃,即Haslundichilis qixiaensis sp.nov.,并重新描述了采自甘肃天水麦积山的赫氏哈蛃。     

中国跃蛃属(石蛃目,石蛃科)一新种记述

记述采自江苏南京跃蛃属1新种,老山跃蛃Pedetontinus laoshanensis sp.nov.,通过扩增其线粒体CO Ⅰ基因,与中国已知跃蛹属其它物种进行遗传距离比较,并构建系统发生树,发现其与天目跃蛹P.tianmuensis和武当跃蛹较为接近,这也更加支持了基于形态证据的系统发生关系.并提供了跃蛃属已知19种的检索表.老山跃蛹,新种Pedetontinus laoshanensis sp.nov.(图1～17)体长7.0～9.0mm,复眼长/宽为0.99 ～1.00,中连线/长为0.50 ～0.55,复眼近中连线具浅色白斑,阳基侧突为1+6型,阳茎基节/端节为2.4,阳茎和阳基侧突位于第Ⅸ肢基片的1/2,产卵管初级型,其长略超第Ⅸ腹节的刺突端刺.前产卵管,分49 ～ 50节,后产卵管,分47 ～ 50节.该物种CO Ⅰ基因信息见GenBank No.EU699175～ EU 699177.新种与泰山跃蛹P.songi、天目跃蛃P.tianmuensis和武当跃蛃P.wudangensis相似,但复眼中连线/长、阳茎基节/端节、阳茎和阳基侧突位置、产卵管分节具明显区别.基于CO Ⅰ基因序列构建BI、MP和NJ系统发生树均有效证明老山跃蛃P.laoshanensis为单系群.基于K2p模型,新种与中国跃蛹属其它物种的遗传距离比较,与天目跃蛃P.tianmuensis遗传距离最小9.7％,与栾川跃蛃P.luanchuanensis 遗传距离最大12.1％.结合形态和分子数据证明该物种的有效性.正模♂,江苏南京老山(32°07′N,118°36′E;海拔145m),2004-08-01,李鹏、张加勇采,编号ZJNUSB050.词源:新种种名源自采集地地名.     

中国跳蛃属(石蛃目,石蛃科)两新种

记述采自海南五指山和福建太姥山跳蛃属2新种,即Pedetontus hainanensis sp.nov.,Pedetonlm zhoui sp.nov.并列出中国跳蛃属已知种的检索表.研究标本保存在浙江师范大学生化学院.     

侧枝纹石蛾亚属中国种类记述(毛翅目:纹石蛾科:纹石蛾属)

H.H.Ross和John D.Unzicker于1977年将纹石蛾属Branta组的种类建立一个新亚属——侧枝纹石蛾亚属Ceratopsyche,并移入Symphitopsyche属。A.Nielsen(1981)进一步将其提升为属。而P.W.Schefter等(1986)认为仍作为纹石蛾属的亚属较为适当。此亚属均分布于北半球,其中新北区30种,印度——马来区3种,古北区35种。中国目前已知9种,本文又发现9新种和3新记录种。中国种类的雄成虫检索表和新种、新记录种的描述如后。新种模式标本保存于南京农业大学植保系。     

中国弓石蛾属两新种记述(毛翅目,纹石蛾科,弓石蛾亚科)

记述了弓石蛾属2新种,分别是采自云南的三突茎弓石蛾Arctopsyche triacanthophora sp.nov.及采自四川的黄氏弓石蛾Arctopsyche huangi sp.nov..模式标本保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本馆.     

中国裸齿角石蛾属三新种(毛翅目,齿角石蛾科)

描述了裸齿角石蛾属3新种:细尖裸齿角石蛾Psilotreta apiculata sp.nov.,叠肢裸齿角石蛾Psilotreta superposita sp.nov.和单刺裸齿角石蛾Psilotreta monacantha sp.nov.,并提供了中国及邻近地区该属种类的种组检索表.模式标本保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本馆.     

中国角石蛾属四新种描述(毛翅目,角石蛾科)

记述了角石蛾科角石蛾属4新种,分别为采自广西的田林角石蛾Stenopsyche tianlinensis sp.nov.,叠尾角石蛾Stenopsyche bistratosa sp.nov.,贵州的鹿肢角石蛾Stenopsyche cervaria sp.nov.和采自陕西的细弯角石蛾Stenopsyche sinuolata sp.nov..模式标本保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本馆.     

梳等翅石蛾属二新种记述(毛翅目:等翅石蛾科)

记述了梳等翅石蛾属2新种,即膨肢梳等翅石蛾Kisaura inflate,sp.nov.和凹背梳等翅石蛾Kisaura alveiformis,sp.nov.。     

Revision of the genus Australimyza Harrison (Diptera: Australimyzidae)

Abstract.  The species of Australimyza Harrison are revised and the saprophagous larvae are described for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two species groups and one ungrouped species. One species group is distributed in New Zealand and associated subantarctic islands; all other species occur in Australia. Four new species, A. glandulifera , A. kaikoura , A. mcalpinei and A. victoria , are described, A. anisotomae is synonymized with A. australensis and a neotype is designated for the latter species. A lectotype is designated for A. macquariensis .     

Cryptic Species in the Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis (Diptera: Culicidae) Complex: Incongruence Between Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction Identification and Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA COI Gene Sequences

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) diagnostic bands are one tool used to differentiate cryptic mosquito species in the Anopheles albitarsis Complex. Monophyly of four species (A. albitarsis Lynch-Arribálzaga, A. albitarsis B, A. deaneorum Rosa-Freitas, and A. marajoara Galv?o & Damasceno) currently identified with the RAPD technique was assessed using sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses support monophyly for A. albitarsis s.s., A. albitarsis B, and A. deaneorum. Anopheles marajoara, as identified by RAPD banding patterns, was either polyphyletic or paraphyletic in all phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic pattern and within-species genetic distances observed in A. marajoara suggest the existence of a previously unidentified species (species E) in northern Brazil and Venezuela. Diagnostic RAPD bands were unable to distinguish between A. marajoara and species E, probably because of the low number of correlated bands used to identify species and weaknesses of the RAPD technique, in particular, violations of the untested assumption of homology of comigrating bands. A. marajoara (even without species E) is paraphyletic with respect to A. deaneorum; if A. deaneorum is a separate species from A. marajoara, then A. marajoara may consist of two or more species in Amazonian Brazil. Based on mtDNA COI sequences, there are at least four phylogenetic species within the Albitarsis Complex: A. albitarsis s.s., A. albitarsis B, A. marajoara, and species E; the species status of A. deaneorum is ambiguous.     

Trophic levels in community food webs

Summary Four concepts are considered for the trophic level of a species in a community food web. The long-way-up-level (or LU-level) of species A is the length of the longest simple food chain from a basal species (one with no prey in the web) to A. (A simple chain is a chain that does not pass through any given species more than once.) The short-way-up-level (SU-level) of species A is the length of the shortest chain from a basal species to A. The long-way-down-level (LD-level) of species A is the length of the longest simple chain from species A to a top species (one with no consumers in the web). The short-way-down-level (SD-level) of species A is the length of the shortest chain from species A to a top species. The stratigraphy of a web is the analogue for species of the pyramid of numbers for individuals: it is the frequency distribution of species according to level. The LU-, SU-, LD-, and SD-stratigraphies of the seven webs in the Briand-Cohen collection with 30 or more trophic species reveal no species with LU-level or LD-level more than 6, no species with SU-level more than 3, and no species with SD-level more than 2. In all seven webs, SD-levels are stochastically less than SU-levels: species tend to be closer to a top predator than to a basal species. Two stochastic models of food web structure (the cascade model and the homogeneous superlinear model) correctly predict that 95% or more of species should have LU-level and LD-level in the range 0–6. The models also correctly predict some details of the distribution of species in the SU- and SD-stratigraphies, particularly the fraction of species in level 1. The models do not, in general, correctly predict the distribution of species within the range 0–6 of LU-levels and LD-levels.     

群落均匀度分形分析

修正了Frontier和Ricotta等关于有效物种丰富度指数A与物种丰富度指数S之间幂律关系的定义．探讨了A与S之间分形关系的生态学意义．认为分形维数D是群落均匀度测度值在物种数S不断增加的过程中．向其逼近的一个理论值;提出了利用双对数坐标上建立的A与S拟合直线的方程．对群落均匀度的4种变化趋势进行描述的方法。以广东黑石顶自然保护区森林演替系列为例．研究了针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林样带上．随着样带观察长度的逐渐增加群落均匀度的变化情况。结果表明．230m长的混交林样带只存在一个线性无标度区间．群落均匀度随样带长度的不断增加而逐渐降低．向分形维数D=0．810趋近。170m长的常绿阔叶林样带存在两个线性无标度区问．在0～25m的尺度域内．随着样带长度的逐渐增加均匀度不断降低．向分形维数D=0．525逼近;在30～170m的尺度域内．随着样带观察长度的增加．群落均匀度也逐渐增加．向分形维数D=0．920趋近。     

中国宽膜伪叶甲属三新种记述及中国种类检索表(鞘翅目:伪叶甲科)(英文)

描述了宽膜伪叶甲属ArthromacraKirby3个新种;红背宽膜伪叶甲A．rubidorsalis、刻胸宽膜伪叶甲A．entypodera和西藏宽膜伪叶甲A．tibetana;对丽宽膜伪叶甲Adecora进行了重新描述;编制了中国已知的10个种的分种检索表;绘制了14幅原始图。     

中药黄芪植物分类及其区系地理分布研究

确认了中药黄芪的原植物有膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge)、蒙古黄芪(A. mongholicus Bunge)和北蒙古黄芪(A. borealimongolicus Y. Z. Zhao)3种,其中北蒙古黄芪为一新种;确定了这三种植物的区系地理成分：膜荚黄芪为东亚北部—西伯利亚南部森林带的分布种,蒙古黄芪为华北森林草原带的分布种,北蒙古黄芪为蒙古高原北部草原带的分布种,3种黄芪存在着明显的地理替代分布格局。     

中国玉蕈甲属一新种一新纪录种(鞘翅目,大蕈甲科)

记述中国玉蕈甲属Amblyopus 1新种,宽胫玉蕈甲A.planitibialis sp.nov.和1新纪录种,纵带玉蕈甲A.vittatus(Olivier,1807).新种与A.csikii Ch(u)j(o),1964在外形上相似,其区别于后者的主要特征是:体背面极度隆起;鞘翅基斑从外缘伸达第3刻点行;胫节宽三角形.提供了我国已知种目录及其检索表.模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

Responses of Anopheles culicifacies sibling species A and B to DDT and HCH in India: implications in malaria control

Differential responses of Anopheles culicifacies Giles sibling species A and B to DDT were evident from higher survival rate of species B in laboratory bioassays and greater proportions of species B in DDT-sprayed villages of northern India, compared with those under HCH pressure. Both species A and B have become almost completely resistant to HCH in this area due to regular house-spraying with HCH for about the last 10 years. Because species A predominates in northern India, where it has been incriminated as an important vector of malaria, and species A is more susceptible than species B to DDT, it is suggested that DDT would control malaria transmission more effectively than HCH in this situation. Monitoring of insecticide resistance in species A is therefore recommended as the basis for future choice of insecticides to be used by the National Malaria Eradication Programme.