Polymorphic microsatellite markers in Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) is an important insect pest of fruits and vegetables. At present, it is primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical area. For a better understanding of the genetic makeup and migration patterns of T. hawaiiensis throughout the world, we isolated 11 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from an enriched genomic library based on a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. Genetic parameters were estimated on 80 individual thrips from two natural populations. The results showed that all 11 loci were highly polymorphic; the number of alleles ranged from six to 37, and nine loci demonstrated polymorphic information content (PIC) > 0.5. The observed (H _O) and expected (H _E) heterozygosities ranged from 0.350 to 0.925 and 0.307 to 0.952, respectively. Furthermore, only four locus/population combinations significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). These microsatellite markers have potential utility in population structure and gene flow studies of this species.     

Genetic differentiation of Altai-Sayan endemic Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. (Fabaceae) evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis

The objective of the research described in this paper was to evaluate the level of genetic variability and differentiation between the populations of Hedysarum theinum Krasnob., endemic species of Altai-Sayan Mountains. In this study, six inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used and generated a total of 132 molecular markers, 126 of which were polymorphic (95.5%). The large amount of DNA polymorphism at the intrapopulation level (H _pop/H _sp = 70.5) was evidenced by the analysis of a molecular variance (AMOVA) of 88.2%. The high genetic similarity (I = 0.875) detected between the populations of H. theinum reflects the strongly restricted endemic range of H. theinum, which facilitates the gene flow among populations and outcrossing. Due to the significant genetic diversity revealed among individuals against a background of moderate population differentiation collecting samples for ex situ H. theinum conservation from a small number of populations is acceptable. Finally, selected highly polymorphic ISSR markers produced consistently repeatable patterns are discussed as a powerful tool for genotype identification and the qualification of root feedstock.     

我国西南部喀斯特森林特有濒危树种掌叶木新的微卫星分子标记的开发

采用基因组DNA富集文库法FIASCO(Fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats)从掌叶木(Handeliodendron bodinieri)基因组中分离和筛选了10个新的微卫星位点,进而对掌叶木茂兰自然分布居群的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明, 每个位点在30株掌叶木个体上的平均等位基因数(A)为3.5(3~5个),平均观察杂合度(H_O)为0.650(0.267~0.900),平均预期杂合度(H_E)为0.494(0.224~0.652)。每个位点的第一排除概率值P_r(Ex₁)为0.029~0.240,位点综合值为0.7496。单个位点的第二排除概率P_r(Ex₂)为0.123~0.419,位点综合值为0.9517。这些信息预示着这些微卫星标记可以为研究喀斯特特有濒危树种掌叶木的基因流及居群遗传结构提供有效的遗传工具。     

Genetic diversity in a germplasm collection of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea) in Norway studied by AFLP

Rhodiola rosea is widely distributed in Norway, but so far limited knowledge exists on the level of genetic diversity. To initiate a selective breeding program, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to estimate genetic diversity within the Norwegian R. rosea germplasm collection. AFLP analysis of 97 R. rosea clones using five primer combinations gave a total of 109 polymorphic bands. We detected high percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) with a mean of 82.3% among the clones of R. rosea. Each of the 97 R. rosea clones could be unambiguously identified based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Genetic similarity based on the AFLP data ranged from 0.440 to 0.950 with a mean of 0.631. This genetic analysis showed that there was no close genetic similarity among clones related to their original growing county. No gender-specific markers were found in the R. rosea clones. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a significantly greater variation within regions (92.03%) than among regions (7.97%). A low level of genetic differentiation (F_ST = 0.043) was observed, indicating a high level of gene flow, which had a strong influence on the genetic structure at different counties. Our results indicate high gene flow among R. rosea clones that might be a result of seed dispersal rather than cross-pollination. Further world-wide studies are required to compare the level of genetic diversity and more studies in R. rosea detailing the consequences of different patterns of gene flow (pollen spread and dispersal of seeds and clonal plants) will be useful for characterization of roseroot.     

Genetic polymorphism of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tulipa gesneriana</Emphasis> L. evaluated on the basis of the ISSR marking data

Using the method of ISSR analysis, the genetic diversity of 18 natural populations of Tulipa gesneriana L. from the north of the Lower Volga region was examined. The ten ISSR primers used in the study provided identification of 102 PCR fragments, of which 50 were polymorphic (49.0%). According to the proportion of polymorphic markers, two population groups were distinguished: (1) the populations in which the proportion of polymorphic markers ranged from 0.35 to 0.41; (2) the populations in which the proportion of polymorphic markers ranged from 0.64 to 0.85. UPGMA clustering analysis provided subdivision of the sample into two large clusters. The unrooted tree constructed using the Neighbor Joining algorithm had similar topology. The first cluster included slightly variable populations and the second cluster included highly variable populations. The AMOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences (F_CT = 0.430; p = 0.000) between the two groups. Local populations are considerably genetically differentiated from each other (F_ST = 0.632) and have almost no links via modern gene flow, as evidenced by the results of the Mantel test (r =–0.118; p = 0.819). It is suggested that the degree of genetic similarities and differences between the populations depends on the time and the species dispersal patterns on these territories.     

Analysis of genetic and virulence diversity of Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum associated with black foot disease of grapevine

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 87 Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum isolates, the causal agents of black foot disease of grapevine. The four ISSR primers (GT)₇, (CCA)₅, (CGA)₅ and (TCG)₅, were able to provide reproducible and polymorphic DNA fingerprint patterns and detected relevant genetic diversity in C. macrodidymum. The cluster analysis of ISSR data showed 21 different genotypes that were grouped in seven ISSR groups, from which two corresponded to C. liriodendri (G1 and G2) and five to C. macrodidymum (G3-G7). Nineteen isolates selected from the seven ISSR groups were inoculated in grapevine seedlings obtained from cv. ‘Tempranillo’. The pathogenicity tests detected virulence diversity in C. macrodidymum. The isolates belonging to ISSR groups G6 and G7 were significantly more virulent than the other C. macrodidymum and C. liriodendri isolates.     

Genetic diversity in Monilinia laxa populations in stone fruit species in Hungary

The objectives of this study were firstly, to determine the genetic diversity of Monilinia laxa isolates from Hungary, using the PCR-based inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique; secondly, to prepare genetic diversity groups based on the dendrograms; and finally, to select some relevant isolates to study their fungicide sensitivity. 55 and 77 random amplified polymorphic ISSR and RAPD markers, of which 23 and 18 were polymorphic and 32 and 59 monomorphic, respectively, were used to assess the genetic diversity and to study the structure of M. laxa populations in Hungary. 27 isolates out of 57 ones were confirmed as M. laxa from several orchards (subpopulations) in three geographical regions, in various inoculum sources and in various hosts, were used. 10 fungicides and 12 isolates selected from genetic diversity groups based on the ISSR dendrograms were used to determine the fungicide sensitivity of the selected isolates. The analysis of population structure revealed that genetic diversity within locations, inoculum sources and host (H _S ) accounted for 99 % of the total genetic diversity (H _T ), while genetic diversity among locations, inoculum sources and host represented only 1 %. The relative magnitude of gene differentiation between subpopulations (G _ST ) and the estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm) averaged 0.005–0.009 and 53.9–99.2, respectively, for both ISSR and RAPD data set. The results obtained in dendrograms were in accordance with the gene diversity analysis. Grouping of isolates in the dendrograms was irrespective of whether they came from the same or different geographical locations. There was no relationship between clustering among isolates from inoculum sources and hosts. In the fungicide sensitivity tests, five isolates out of 12 were partly insensitive to boscalid+piraclostrobin, cyprodinil, fenhexamid or prochloraz. Obtained results in genetic diversity of M. laxa populations are discussed together with implications for the management of brown rot.     

Genetic diversity and relationship of endangered plant Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae) assessed with ISSR polymorphisms

Twenty-eight populations of the rare medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis (Magnoliaceae) were sampled across its natural range, and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) markers were used to assess the genetic variation within and among populations. Twelve primer combinations produced a total of 137 unambiguous bands of which 114 (83.2%) were polymorphic. M. officinalis exhibited a relatively low genetic diversity at population level (the percentage of polymorphic loci PPB = 49.8%, Nei’s genetic diversity H = 0.194, Shannon’s information index I = 0.286). However, the genetic diversity at species level was relatively high (PPB = 83.2%; H = 0.342; I = 0.496). The coefficient of gene differentiation (G_ST, 42.8%) and the results of analysis of molecular variance (AMVOA) indicated that genetic differentiation occurred mainly within populations. The estimated gene flow (Nm) from G_ST was 0.669. It indicated that the fragmentation and isolation of populations might result from specific evolutionary history and anthropogenic activity. Genetic drift played a more important role than gene flow in the current population genetic structure of M. officinalis. Conservation strategies for this rare species are proposed based on the genetic data.     

Genetic diversity and biogeography of the traditional Chinese medicine, Gardenia jasminoides, based on AFLP markers

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. Levels of genetic variation and patterns of population structure within and among eight wild or cultivated populations of G. jasminoides Ellis in China were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Of the 11 primers screened, four produced highly reproducible AFLP bands. Using these primers, 244 discernible DNA fragments were generated with 165 bands (67.6%), were polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation at the species level. In contrast, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at the population level with the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 36.89% to 59.43%. Genetic diversity within populations ranged from 0.2086 to 0.3108, averaging 0.2392 at the species level. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (76.59%), Shannon's index analysis (64.8%) and AMOVA analysis (72.75%). No significant statistical differences (analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA], p = 0.0639) in AFLP variation were found between regions. However, the variance among populations and within populations differed significantly (p < 0.001). An indirect estimate of historical levels of gene flow (N_m = 1.7448) was consistent with the high mean genetic identity (mean I = 0.9263) found among populations. There is an association between geographic and genetic distances between populations. Presently gene change exists between populations.     

生境片段化对千岛湖岛屿上黄足厚结猛蚁遗传多样性的影响

利用相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)分子标记法,对千岛湖片段化生境中14个岛屿上的黄足厚结猛蚁(Pachycondyla luteipes)种群遗传结构和多样性进行研究。利用5对SRAP引物对42份材料的基因组进行扩增,共得到大小在50-800 bp之间的71个可重复位点,其中63个为多态性位点,多态性比率达88.73%。AMOVA分析结果显示,65.03%的遗传变异存在于种群间,34.97%的遗传变异来自种群内(P < 0.001)。利用PopGene Version 1.32软件对SRAP多态性数据进行分析,不同岛屿种群的多态位点比例和Nei's基因多样性指数变化范围分别介于35.21%-91.55%和0.2662-0.4905之间,平均值分别为58.25%和0.3729,其中多态位点比率最高的岛屿为面积最大的JSE岛。多态位点比例和Nei's基因多样性指数与岛屿面积、海拔均无显著相关性,但与隔离度呈显著正相关关系。种群间遗传分化指数介于0.0777-0.9328之间,平均值为0.4419,基因流值介于0.0360-5.9350之间,平均值为1.0451,种群间遗传分化程度较高,基因流较低。利用UPGMA聚类分析法对14岛屿上的42个个体进行遗传聚类分析,表明地理距离较近的个体和岛屿具有优先聚在一起的趋势。Mantel 检验表明黄足厚结猛蚁各种群间地理距离与遗传距离间存在显著相关性(r=0.7757,P < 0.01)。以上结果表明地理隔离是影响千岛湖黄足厚结猛蚁种群遗传结构和多样性的主要因素。     

Genetic diversity of Astragalus nitidiflorus, a critically endangered endemic of SE Spain,and implications for its conservation

Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure in five populations of Astragalus nitidiflorus, a critically endangered species endemic to southeast Spain. Eight primers amplified 78 bands with 40 (51.3%) being polymorphic. Statistical results indicated a low genetic diversity at the population and species level, with percentages of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 28.2 to 37.2% (an average of 31.8%), and means of gene diversity (H_E) of 0.129 and 0.171 respectively. The Shannon’s index (SI) ranged from 0.160 to 0.214 at the population level and was 0.260 at the species level. A low level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected, based on the Shannon’s information index (0.297), the coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations (G_ST = 0.2418) and AMOVA analysis (Φ_ST = 0.255). The estimated gene flow (Nm) was 0.789. The high genetic connectivity found among populations of A. nitidiflorus is an evidence of a recent habitat fragmentation. In addition, a bottleneck event in the past has been revealed, with a subsequent reduction of population size and a loss of genetic variation. Based on these results, the conservation strategy of A. nitidiflorus was proposed.     

ISSR and RAPD based evaluation of genetic fidelity and active ingredient analysis of regenerated plants of Picrorhiza kurroa

Genetic stability and phytochemical analysis of in vitro established plants of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth, have been carried out. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic fidelity of tissue culture products including three adventitious shoots from three calli and 6 months old tissue culture raised plants growing in green house condition with mother plant. Apparent genetic variation was detected in the five types of plant materials. The percentage of polymorphic bands in the RAPD and ISSR analysis were 16.25 and 14.54 %, respectively. The genetic similarity was calculated on the basis of RAPD and ISSR data among the five types of plant materials and were ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 (mean 0.75) and 0.47 to 1.0 (mean 0.73), respectively. The similarity coefficient by both RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that differences between tissue culture raised plants and mother plant was not remarkable, but notable differences were observed among three adventitious shoots regenerated from three calli. The phytochemical analysis of tissue culture raised products showed higher secondary metabolite (picrotin and picrotoxinin) content as compare to mother plant. The information gained on genetic stability/variability will be valuable for the large scale propagation and secondary metabolite production of P. kurroa.     

Characterization of genetic variance within and among five populations of Sperata seenghala (Skyes, 1839) revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

The genetic diversity among five populations (Bhadbada reservoir, Mohinisagar reservoir, Bansagar reservoir, Bargi reservoir and Gandhisagar reservoir) was revealed using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. 10 random primers screened, 5 primers revealed various banding patterns and yielded 71 total loci as an average of which 39.60 (55.77%) were polymorphic between the population and 86.84% within the population of Sperata seenghala. Population wise the highest genetic polymorphism was obtained in Bhadbada reservoir as 67.61% whereas the lowest was in Gandhisagar reservoir as 49.30%. However, Analysis of Molecular Variance indicated low genetic diversity (H_pop = 0.0921 ± 0.1249; I = 0.1584 ± 0.1942) in Bansagar reservoir. Relative genetic differentiation (G_ST = 0.3993) and restricted gene flow (N_m = 0.7523) as an average indicated low gene diversity among the fish populations. The un-weighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram showed 05 major clusters, each cluster representing a population. Fish population of Mohinisagar reservoir showed high genetic distance (0.3981) with respective Bargi reservoir population and highest genetic identity (0.8846) reflected between Bansagar and Gandhisagar reservoir. Highest genetic distance between Mohinisagar and Bargi reservoir fish populations shows no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance of the genotypes collected from different lentic and geographical isolated water bodies. This investigation indicated that lowest genetic diversity existed in different geographic populations of S. seenghala. All the five populations were found to be low in genetic variation, which is useful information for future conservation measures of S. seenghala confined in natural water bodies of Madhya Pradesh.     

Development of Microsatellite Markers and Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Ethiopia

Twenty three polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for citrus plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and were used to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of 163 isolates from four different geographical regions of Ethiopia. These loci produced a total of 118 alleles with an average of 5.13 alleles per microsatellite marker. The polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.104 to 0.597 with an average of 0.371. The average observed heterozygosity across all loci varied from 0.046 to 0.058. The gene diversity among the loci ranged from 0.106 to 0.664. Unweighted Neighbor-joining and population structure analysis grouped these 163 isolates into three major groups. The clusters were not according to the geographic origin of the isolates. Analysis of molecular variance showed 85% of the total variation within populations and only 5% among populations. There was low genetic differentiation in the total populations (F_ST = 0.049) as evidenced by high level of gene flow estimate (N_m = 4.8 per generation) among populations. The results show that Ethiopian C. gloeosporioides populations are generally characterized by a low level of genetic diversity. The newly developed microsatellite markers were useful in analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of the C. gloeosporioides populations. Information obtained from this study could be useful as a base to design strategies for better management of leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus in Ethiopia.     

Mating system and population genetic structure of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Rhizophoraceae), a viviparous mangrove species in China

In order to explain the diversity patterns and develop the conservation strategies, the population genetic structures and the mating systems of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza from the coastlines of south China were investigated in this study. The mating system parameters were analyzed using progeny arrays for allozyme markers. The multilocus outcrossing rates (tm) ranged from 0.845 (Fugong) to 0.267 (Dongzhai harbor). High allozyme variations within the five collected populations were determined and compared with the published data of other plant species with the mixed mating systems. At species level, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 80%, the average number of alleles per locus (A) was 2.440, and the heterozygosity (He) was 0.293. The total gene diversity within each population (H_S = 0.2782) and the coefficient of genetic differentiation (G_ST = 0.0579) among the populations were estimated. On the basis of this population genetic structure, it is suggested that the gene flow (Nm = 3.85) is quite high, which is possibly related to its water-dispersed hypocotyls. It is also suggested that the mating system of this species is of mixed mating.     

Genetic analysis and location of gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat international differential host Strubes Dickkopf

Strubes Dickkopf is the sixth differential in the world set for wheat stripe (yellow) rust. It is very important to clarify its genetic character of resistance to stripe rust and to develop the molecular markers linked to resistance genes. The NIL Taichung 29*6/Strubes Dickkopf, which was obtained by Strubes Dickkopf as the gene donor and Taichung 29 as the genetic background through backcross breeding, was crossed with the recurrent parent Taichung 29, inbred, and backcrossed to obtain the F₁, F₂ and BC₁ population. The genetic analysis of the cross Taichung 29/(Taichung 29*6/Strubes Dickkopf) was assessed by inoculating the rust race CYR26 at seedling stage. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and F₂ segregation analysis were used for detecting polymorphic primers to locate the gene. The resistance of the NIL Taichung 29*6/Strubes Dickkopf to CYR26 was controlled by a single dominant gene, named YrSD. The primer pair Xbarc59 on 5B was linked to YrSD and the genetic distance between Xbarc59 and YrSD was 2.4 cM. The molecular marker Xbarc59 closely linked to the gene YrSD could be used in marker-assisted selection for resistance to stripe rust in wheat breeding programmes.     

Ginsenoside Rb1 in asymmetric somatic hybrid calli of Daucus carota with Panax quinquefolius

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is one of the most valuable herbs in the world. Its major active components are ginsenosides. In order to produce ginsenoside heterogeneously, somatic hybridization, a novel approach for genetic introgression, was employed in this study. Protoplasts derived from respective calli of carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus Hoffm.) and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius L.) were used as the fusion partners. Hybrid calli derived from single cell lines containing chromatin of American ginseng were confirmed by the analyses of isozyme, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that the ginseng monomer Rb₁ was synthesized in seven of the hybrid calli identified as well as in the parent American ginseng calli but not in the parent carrot calli. Results indicated that hybrid introgression lines could produce ginsenoside Rb₁ and the ginsenoside Rb₁ biosynthesis pathway has been introgressed into carrot cells via somatic hybridization. From the point of biosafety view concerning the consumer acceptance, the potential predominance to produce ginsenosides with somatic hybridization other than with genetic transformation is discussed. Lu Han and Chuanen Zhou contributed equally to this work.     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) — a recalcitrant grain legume

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek has been achieved. Hypocotyl and primary leaves excised from 2-day-old in-vitro grown seedlings produced transgenic calli on B₅ basal medium supplemented with 5×10⁻⁶ M BAP, 2.5×10⁻⁶ M each of 2,4-D and NAA and 50 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404 (pTOK233), EHA105 (pBin9GusInt) and C58C1 (pIG121Hm) all containing β-glucuronidase (gusA) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) marker genes. Transformed calli were found resistant to kanamycin up to 1000 mg^.l⁻¹. Gene expression of kanamycin resistance (nptII) and gusA in transformed calli was demonstrated by nptII assay and GUS histochemical analysis, respectively. Stable integration of T-DNA into the genome of transformed calli of mungbean was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Transgenic calli could not regenerate shoots on B₅ or B₅ containing different cytokinins or auxins alone or in combination. However, for the first time, transformed green shoots showing strong GUS activity were regenerated directly from cotyledonary node explants cultured after co-cultivation with LBA4404 (pTOK233) on B₅ medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (5×10⁻⁷ M) and 75 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin. The putative transformed shoots were rooted on B₅+indole-3-butyric acid (5×10⁻⁶ M) within 10–14 days and resulted plantlets subsequently developed flowers and pods with viable seeds in vitro after 20 days of root induction. The stamens, pollen grains and T₀ seeds showed GUS activity. Molecular analysis of putative transformed plants revealed the integration and expression of transgenes in T₀ plants and their seeds.     

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) in Tunisia

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to assess the genetic diversity within and among seven Tunisian diploid and polyploid populations of Teucrium polium L. from five bioclimatic areas. Out of the 141 bands generated from eight selected primers, 124 were polymorphic. The genetic diversity within a population (Shannon’s index) was high and varied according both the ploidal levels and bioclimatic zones. The genetic differentiation among populations assessed by G _ST and Φ_ST statistics was high, suggesting a low level of gene flow among them. The major proportion of the variation was attributable to individual differences within populations. The UPGMA analysis based on Nei and Li’s coefficient showed that individuals from each population clustered together. In a dendrogram using the Φ_ST distance matrix, population grouping is concordant with bioclimates and cytotypes. Conservation strategies should take into account the level of the genetic diversity of the populations according to their bioclimate and ploidal levels.     

Genetic diversity and population structure of spottedtail goby (Synechogobius ommaturus) based on AFLP analysis

Larval dispersal may have an important impact on genetic structure of benthic fishes. To examine population genetic structure of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus, samples from five different locations of China and Kunsan population in Korea were analyzed by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology. A total of 253 bands were identified from 91 individuals by 5 primer combinations and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 43.87%. The average gene diversity was 0.0794 ± 0.1470 and Shannon’s information index was 0.1279 ± 0.2138. The pairwise F_st values ranged from 0.022 to 0.201. The results of AMOVA analysis indicated that 90.54% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 9.46% occurred among populations. The gene flow estimates (Nm) demonstrated that different gene flow existed among populations from 0.994 to 11.114. No significant genealogical branches or clusters were recognized on the UPGMA tree. The results support the hypothesis that larval dispersal ability can be responsible for the genetic diversity and population structuring.