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采用方差分析和相关分析等方法对籼粳交组合培矮64S/日本晴F2、F3及 F6代分蘖数、有效分蘖数和株高等7个主要农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明, 7个农艺性状在双亲之间均存在显著或极显著差异, 亲本在不同年份和不同地点表现出较大差异, 株高表现变异系数较大, 分别为14.4%和22.8%。各性状在3个世代中除了F2分蘖率、F3齐穗期和F6株高, 其余各性状均呈连续变异, 分布频率大致接近正态分布, 同时存在双向超亲分离现象。各性状不同世代相关系数有一定的变化, 但不改变其方向。这些结果可以为水稻数量性状基因座分析提供有价值的信息, 也可为水稻遗传改良提供理论依据; 本文还对选用测序水稻品种为亲本构建群体进行农艺性状研究的意义进行了讨论。 相似文献
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本文报道了利用原始爪哇稻资源与光温敏雄性不育系培矮64S配制的27个籼爪交组合在长沙的农艺性状和杂种优势表现.从总体上来看,籼爪交组合与对照相比在每穗实粒数和理论产量上无显著差异,在其它性状上均有极显著的差异;籼爪交组合在秆高、穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重方面有正向对照优势,在播始历期、有效分蘖数、结实率、理论产量和实际产量上存在负向对照优势.从个体上来看,籼爪交组合理论产量对照优势>40%的比例为11.1%.实际产量对照优势>40%的机率为3.7%,说明爪哇稻资源在籼爪交杂种优势利用中具有利用价值.本文还对爪哇稻资源在籼爪杂种优势利用中的一些问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
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群体的构建与遗传结构分析是利用该群体开展进一步研究的基础。选用157对均匀分布在水稻12条染色体上且在双亲间具有多态性的微卫星标记分别对"培矮64S/Nipponbare"F_2群体(180个株系)和F6群体(330个株系)进行分析,分别对单个微卫星位点的群体分布、株系的遗传成分以及纯合进度进行分析。结果表明:各遗传位点和各株系的遗传成分表现连续分布,一些位点呈显著或极显著偏分离,双亲对株系呈不同的遗传贡献率,某些株系对亲本具有偏爱性;各位点和株系的纯合进度呈连续分布,分别与F_2、F_6杂异位点呈极显著正、负相关。这将有助于我们充分的认识籼粳交后代群体遗传结构特征,并为群体结构优化提供依据。 相似文献
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筛选适宜河北省低平原地区种植的油菜品种,同时实现生态效益和经济效益,为相似气候区油菜品种的种植选择及种植结构的调整提供理论依据。以16个油菜品种为材料,对品种间农艺性状的变化进行方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析。各品种间分枝部位存在差异,变异系数为61.82%,品种JR5分枝部位最低,14T×38最高;其次差异较为明显的是产量和二次分枝数,变异系数分别为26.69%和24.89%,14T×38产量最高,20SY-13最低。二次分枝数最大和最小的品种分别为20SY-13和天油142。油菜产量与一次分枝数和主花序角果数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),株高与分枝部位、主花序长度和主花序角果数呈显著正相关关系,一次分枝数与主花序角果数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),二次分枝数与主花序角果数呈极显著负相关。当欧式距离为5时,16个油菜品种可分为五大类。选择株高较高、一次分枝数和主花序角果数较多、二次分枝数较少且可以在当地正常越冬的油菜品种进行种植,可以获得较高水平产量;20SY-13在当地秋季种植应注意安全越冬。 相似文献
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水稻骨干恢复系是指在杂交稻育种中广泛应用的一类恢复系。探明骨干恢复系的遗传基础,发掘其重要农艺性状基因/QTL,对分子标记辅助选择水稻恢复系育种具有重要应用价值。本研究以生产上广泛应用的三系骨干恢复系成恢727和两系骨干恢复系9311为亲本,培育了具有250个系的重组自交系群体。分别在2015年三亚和2016年合肥两个环境下进行了9个重要农艺性状表型和SSR分子标记基因型鉴定,用SAS9.2分析表型数据,用QTL Ici Mapping v4.1进行QTL定位分析。在三亚和合肥两个环境下共检测到39个QTL,三亚检测到16个,分布于第1、2、4、7、8、10、11和12染色体上;合肥检测24个,分布于第1、2、3、7、8、9、10和12染色体上。其中qPH1-1在三亚和合肥两个环境下都能检测到,加性效应分别为-1.75和-2.46。在检测到的39个QTL中,有24个QTL的增效等位基因来自恢复系成恢727,15个QTL的增效等位基因来自9311。共计有26个QTL曾被前人定位,13个属于尚未见文献报道的新QTL。另外,在RM279~RM521、RM336~RM3534、RM25~RM547、RM553~RM160、RM222~RM271区段内检测到5个多效性QTL位点。其中RM25~RM547位点与已经克隆的基因Ghd8位置相近。RM553~RM160位点是一个新的多效性位点,分别控制每穗实粒数、单株产量和结实率,而且效应和表型变异贡献率都较大。其余3个位点在前人的研究中分别有所报道,但其多效性则是在本研究中首次发现。在本研究新发掘到的QTL中,控制穗数的QTL qPN12-1,控制穗长的QTL qPL1-2和qPL10-1,控制总粒数的QTL qSNP2-1和qSNP10-1,控制结实率的QTL qSF3-1,控制千粒重QTL qTGW7-1和控制产量的QTL qGY1-1效应均比较大,解释的表型遗传变异比例也较高。本研究的结果将会为相关性状QTL的精细定位、克隆和育种应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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Jung-Hyun Lim Hyun-Jung Yang Ki-Hong Jung Soo-Cheul Yoo Nam-Chon Paek 《Molecules and cells》2014,37(2):149-160
Plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. Here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant shape-related traits in rice (Oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. To identify QTLs influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and flag leaf width. We performed QTL analysis with 178 F7 recombinant in-bred lines (RILs) from a cross of japonica rice line ‘SNUSG1’ and indica rice line ‘Milyang23’. Using 131 molecular markers, including 28 insertion/deletion markers, we identified 11 main- and 16 minor-effect QTLs for the six traits with a threshold LOD value > 2.8. Our sequence analysis identified fifty-four candidate genes for the main-effect QTLs. By further comparison of coding sequences and meta-expression profiles between japonica and indica rice varieties, we finally chose 15 strong candidate genes for the 11 main-effect QTLs. Our study shows that the whole-genome sequence data substantially enhanced the efficiency of polymorphic marker development for QTL fine-mapping and the identification of possible candidate genes. This yields useful genetic resources for breeding high-yielding rice cultivars with improved plant architecture. 相似文献
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Cheng‐Qi Yan Xu‐Ming Wang Chu‐Lang Yu Jie Zhou Wei‐Lin Zhang Ye Cheng Xiao‐Yue Cheng Jian‐Ping Chen 《Journal of Phytopathology》2012,160(9):461-468
Bacterial blight (BB) is one of the major diseases that affect rice productivity. In previous studies, BB resistance was transferred to cultivated rice Oryza sativa from wild rice Oryza meyeriana using asymmetric somatic hybridization. One of the resistant hybrid progenies (Y73) has also been shown to possess novel resistance gene(s) different from any of those previously associated with BB resistance. We have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BB resistance in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Y73 and a BB‐susceptible cv. IR24. Five QTLs were detected where Y73 alleles contributed to increased BB resistance. Three minor QTLs were identified on chromosomes 3, 10 and 11, and two major QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 5, respectively. QTL on chromosome 5, designated qBBR5, had the strongest effect on BB resistance, explaining approximately 37% of the phenotypic variance. Using the same RIL population, we also mapped QTLs for agronomic traits including plant height (PH), heading date (HD), plant yield (PYD) and PYD component traits. A total of 21 QTLs were identified, of which four were detected for PH, six for HD, three for panicle number per plant (PNPP), one for spikelets per panicle (SPP), six for 1000‐grain weight (TGW) and one for PYD. qPH1 (a QTL for PH) was found in the same interval as qBBR1 for BB resistance, and qHD11 for HD and qBBR11 for BB resistance also shared a similar interval. Additionally, BB resistance was significantly correlated with PH or HD in the RIL population. This suggests that the resistance genes may have pleiotropic effects on, or close linkage to, genes controlling PH or HD. These results will help deduce the resistance mechanisms of the novel resistance gene(s) and provide the basis for cloning them and using them in marker‐assisted breeding. 相似文献
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为探讨甘蔗-大豆间作模式对大豆鲜荚产量和农艺性状的影响,于2009—2011年连续3年在广州市华南农业大学农场进行大田试验,试验设置2种施氮水平(常规施氮(525kg·hm-2)和减量施氮(300kg·hm-2))和3种种植模式(甘蔗-大豆(1∶1)、甘蔗-大豆(1∶2)、单作大豆)。结果表明:甘蔗-大豆间作(1∶2)模式下,2009年减量施氮水平的大豆鲜荚产量较常规施氮水平提高了33%,2010和2011年不同施氮水平间均无显著差异;甘蔗-大豆间作模式对大豆的单株鲜荚重、多粒荚数和百粒鲜重无显著影响;大豆单株鲜荚重与多粒荚数在不同种植模式下均呈显著相关(P<0.05),在常规施氮间作模式下与大豆单株荚数呈显著相关(P<0.05)。甘蔗-大豆间作没有降低大豆的单株鲜荚产量,也没有对大豆的农艺性状产生负面影响,从增产增收、提高土地生产力来考虑,减量施氮模式下甘蔗-大豆间作具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
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籼稻标记性状等基因系的构建 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
选用涉及水稻(Oryza sativa L.)全部12条染色体的、表现简单遗传且易于识别的形态标记材料27份,以早籼品种浙辐802为轮回亲本,经10余次回交,转育成一套籼型标记等基因系。在此基础上,对同一染色体上的标记进行聚合,育成了15份双标记等基因系。该套材料除所带标记性状外,生育期、株高、分蘖力和穗子大小等主要农艺性状与轮回亲本基本相仿。 相似文献
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试验研究了8个甜荞品种在全国19个不同地点的籽粒品质(黄酮和蛋白质含量)变化以及品质和产量与生态因子和农艺性状之间的相关性。结果表明:不同品种间及同一品种不同地点间甜荞籽粒黄酮、蛋白质含量均存在显著变异。黄酮含量与海拔、生育期平均温度,以及蛋白质含量与纬度,甜荞产量与株高、单株粒数、单株粒重均呈显著相关,相关系数分别为0.271*、0.588**、0.495**、0.270*、-0.330**、0.212*。通径分析显示,单株粒数是产量的主要因素,单株粒数多有助于提高产量; 生育期均温是黄酮含量的主要因素,荞麦生育期间均温适当偏低利于黄酮积累; 纬度是蛋白质含量的主要因素,选择纬度较高地区有助提高蛋白质含量。研究还发现不同品种对生态因子的敏感性不同。关键词: 甜荞; 产量; 黄酮含量; 蛋白质含量; 相关分析; 生态因子; 农艺性状 相似文献
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Genetic study of resistance to inhibitory effects of UV radiation in rice (Oryza sativa) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars was carried out. Some experimental plants were grown in visible radiation supplemented with UV radiation containing a large amount of UV-B and a small amount of UV-C in a phytotron, while others were grown without UV radiation. The degree of resistance to UV radiation was estimated in terms of the degree of reduction caused by supplemental UV radiation in the fresh weight of the aboveground plant parts and the chlorophyll content per unit fresh weight. Fresh weight and chlorophyll content in F2 plants generated by reciprocally crossing cv. Sasanishiki, a cultivar more resistant to UV radiation, and Norin 1, a cultivar less resistant to such radiation exhibited a normal frequency distribution. The heritabilities of these two properties in F2 plants were low under conditions of non-supplemental UV radiation. Under elevated UV radiation, the F2 population shifted to the lower range of fresh weight and chlorophyll content, and the means were close to those of Norin 1. The heritabilities of these two properties were the same in the reciprocal crosses, indicating that maternal inheritance was not involved. Inheritance of chlorophyll content per unit fresh weight was further determined in F3 lines generated by self-fertilizing F2 plants of Sasanishiki and Norin 1. The results showed that the F3 population was segregated into three genotypes, namely, resistant homozygotes, segregated heterozygotes and sensitive homozygotes, with a ratio of 1:65:16.
It was thus evident that the resistance to the inhibitory effect of elevated UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes. 相似文献
It was thus evident that the resistance to the inhibitory effect of elevated UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes. 相似文献
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以我国国家橡胶树种质资源圃保存的119份橡胶树栽培种为材料,对叶蓬形状、叶面绿色程度等21个农艺性状进行比较分析。结果表明,遗传多样性指数平均值为0.83,叶痕形状最高为1.20,蜜腺表面形态为0.27,且性状数据分布集中;各性状中变异系数最大的大叶柄形状为60.03,蜜腺表面形态最小为9.08,平均值为33.88;叶面绿色程度和叶面光泽度、叶片形状与叶片基部形状等7对性状相关性极显著;21个性状可聚为2大类,119份供试材料中,同一品种来源地、亲本和子代、具有类似品种特性(抗寒性)等类型的品种聚为一类。分析结果可供橡胶树种质资源鉴定和杂交亲本选配参考。 相似文献