大肠杆菌热激反应研究及其在重组蛋白表达中的应用

当大肠杆菌所处的环境温度忽然升高时, 细胞体内会激发热激反应, 体内会迅速合成多种热激蛋白, 由热激转录因子调控的热激蛋白主要包括一些分子伴侣、蛋白降解酶、折叠辅助蛋白等。热激蛋白可以促进蛋白正确折叠, 降解错误折叠的蛋白。主要介绍大肠杆菌热激蛋白的表达调控及其功能, 利用热激转录因子发展的新型温控分泌表达系统及其在蛋白可溶性表达中的应用, 以及热激分子伴侣与重组蛋白共表达的研究进展。     

嗜热古菌S.solfataricus小热激蛋白基因的克隆及表达

目的:从嗜热古菌Sulfolobus solfataricus中克隆一种新的小热激蛋白SsHsp14.1的基因,并研究其表达和生物活性。方法:用PCR技术以S.solfataricus基因组为模板扩增得到目的基因序列片段,并将其克隆到pET-28a(+)中,转化到E coli BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,纯化后对产物进行生物活性测定。结果:从菌株S.solfataricus中克隆出目的基因,该基因的编码框由375个碱基组成,编码的蛋白质由124个氨基酸组成。含该质粒的大肠杆菌经诱导表达了一个与预期理论值相符的约14kDa的蛋白,利用亲和层析和凝胶柱分离纯化了重组蛋白。试验证明纯化后的重组SsHsp14.1具有分子伴侣活性,重组蛋白在体内表达时能提高E.coli细胞的耐热性。结论:成功克隆SsHsp14.1基因并表达出蛋白,并明确了其分子伴侣活性,为该热激蛋白的研究和应用奠定基础。     

果蝇热激蛋白的研究进展

热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSPs)是生物体受到应激刺激时诱导产生的一组保守性蛋白,普遍存在于各种生物体中。近年来,果蝇Drosophila作为生命科学与人类疾病研究的重要模式生物,其热激蛋白的研究取得了许多新的进展。文章对果蝇热激蛋白的类别、热激蛋白基因的表达调控机制、热激蛋白的分子伴侣功能、调节细胞存亡和影响发育及寿命等相关生物学功能进行综述,并对热激蛋白在神经退行性疾病治疗中的应用前景作展望。     

盐芥热激同源蛋白70基因(Thhsc70)的分子克隆及鉴定

热激蛋白70(hsp70s)具有分子伴侣的功能,其中在非胁迫条件下表达的hsp70s称为热激同源蛋白70(hsc70).为更好地了解hsc70基因的特性,鉴定了盐芥(Thellungiella halophila(C.A.Mey.)O.E. Schulz)中编码胞质hsc70蛋白的基因Thhsc70.实验结果表明:在非胁迫条件下,Thhsc70基因具有组织特异性表达;Thhsc70基因受热胁迫和冷胁迫的诱导表达,但几乎不受盐诱导和干旱诱导.Thhsc70基因在拟南芥中过量表达后提高了转基因拟南芥的热耐受性和冷耐受性.     

盐芥热激同源蛋白70基因(Thhsc70)的分子克隆及鉴定(英文)

热激蛋白70(hsp70s)具有分子伴侣的功能,其中在非胁迫条件下表达的hsp70s称为热激同源蛋白70(hsc70)。为更好地了解hsc70基因的特性,鉴定了盐芥(Thellungiella halophila(C. A. Mey. )O. E. Schulz)中编码胞质hsc70蛋白的基因Thhsc70。实验结果表明:在非胁迫条件下,Thhsc70基因具有组织特异性表达;Thhsc70基因受热胁迫和冷胁迫的诱导表达,但几乎不受盐诱导和干旱诱导。Thhsc70基因在拟南芥中过量表达后提高了转基因拟南芥的热耐受性和冷耐受性。     

植物热激蛋白70基因家族及其生物学功能研究进展

植物热激蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,Hsp70)是热激蛋白家族中保守、普遍表达的家族,有两个主要功能区:N端核酸结合区和C端底物结合区。通常Hsp70具有分子伴侣功能,参与新生蛋白的折叠、转运、重折叠变性蛋白、协助降解变性蛋白;Hsp70不仅受高温胁迫诱导,且受其它多种胁迫诱导;同时,Hsp70参与植物正常发育过程。Hsp70基因分布广泛,序列高度保守,在植物基因组中以基因家族形式存在,最近广泛用于遗传多样性和系统发育研究。文章对植物中Hsp70的基因家族、结构、表达调控机制和生物学功能进行了综述。     

温度胁迫下棉花粉蚧热激蛋白基因的表达分析

【目的】为了研究热激蛋白 Hsp70, Hsp70-4和Hsp90在棉花粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis抵抗逆温中的作用。【方法】在测序棉花粉蚧转录组的基础上,分析了该虫热激蛋白Hsp70基因家族的2个序列［Pshsp70（GenBank登录号为KJ909505）和Pshsp70-4（GenBank登录号为KJ909506）］和Hsp90基因家族的1个序列,［Pshsp90(GenBank登录号为KJ909507)］,采用实时荧光定量 PCR（RT-qPCR）检测了在不同温度（18和32℃恒温, 37, 39, 41, 43和45℃热激1 h 后26℃恢复1 h)下棉花粉蚧不同发育阶段（2龄若虫、3龄若虫、雌成虫）3种热激蛋白基因的表达量。【结果】Pshsp70 cDNA序列包含1 923 bp的开放阅读框,编码641个氨基酸,理论分子量和等电点分别为70.9 kDa和5.65; Pshsp70-4 cDNA序列包含1 962 bp的开放阅读框,编码654个氨基酸,理论分子量和等电点分别为71.8 kDa和5.38;Pshsp90 cDNA序列包含2 172 bp的开放阅读框,编码724个氨基酸,理论分子量和等电点分别为83.5 kDa和4.93。Pshsp70 和Pshsp70-4均含有Hsp70基因家族高度保守的基序,Pshsp70编码的氨基酸序列与烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci和家蚕Bombyx mori等昆虫的Hsp70 的氨基酸序列一致性为 85%;Pshsp70-4编码的氨基酸序列与白蜡蚧Ericerus pela和点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris等昆虫的Hsp70的氨基酸序列一致性高达95%;Pshsp90也含有Hsp90基因家族高度保守的基序,Pshsp90编码的氨基酸序列与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri等昆虫的Hsp90 的氨基酸序列一致性为 87%。热激蛋白基因表达量分析结果表明,在18℃恒温条件下,粉蚧2龄若虫的3个PsHsps基因的mRNA相对表达量均比对照(26℃)低,在32℃恒温条件下,各龄期的Hsp70基因的相对表达量均显著高于对照。在37~45℃下热激1 h并在26℃下恢复1 h,棉花粉蚧3个龄期的3个热激蛋白PsHsps基因的相对表达量随温度的升高总体呈增加趋势,相关性分析表明,除Pshsp70-4在雌成虫中的表达量与热胁迫温度的相关系数为0.225外,各龄期中3个基因的表达量与温度的相关系数均大于0.6,显著相关;43℃和45℃胁迫下,各龄期的3个热激蛋白基因相对表达量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。【结论】棉花粉蚧热激蛋白基因的表达与温度呈正相关,在该虫应对高温中起着重要作用。     

植物热激蛋白研究进展

热激蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)是一种普遍具有抗逆作用的保护蛋白,主要通过分子伴侣形式与其他蛋白结合来保护蛋白稳态及修复变性蛋白从而维持植物内环境的稳定,在植物生长发育及逆境调控过程中发挥重要作用。植物热激蛋白分为HSP100、HSP90、HSP70、HSP60、小分子HSP五大家族,每一家族含有多个热激蛋白。随着对HSP的不断研究,已有大量文献报道了不同物种中的热激蛋白,在此基础上通过阐述植物热激蛋白的结构、功能以及调控作用,旨在为进一步认识热激蛋白及其作用机理提供有价值的参考。     

热激蛋白70研究进展

热激蛋白70（HSP70）是广泛存在且高度保守的蛋白,作为伴侣分子能够促进蛋白折叠;HSP70可以通过阻止细胞色素c从线粒体释放,与凋亡诱导因子结合使其不能入核,或者抑制JNK激酶活性调节细胞凋亡;HSP70可以调节细胞周期进程,促进细胞生长,阻止细胞衰老;免疫功能研究表明HSP70是有效的免疫佐剂,可激发抗原特异性的CTL反应,同时细胞外HSP70和膜结合HSP70可激发非特异性免疫反应。     

心血管系统热休克蛋白的研究进展

多种应激因素如热应激,缺血,血流动力学变化能引起细胞内代谢异常,细胞骨架紊乱等一系列的病理改变,同时细胞亦相应合成一系列分子量不同的热休克蛋白分子（HSPs)。研究表明,HSPs通过其分子伴侣功能,对细胞产生保护作用。近年来的研究发现,在心肌缺血,缺血预处理,心肌肥大和血管损伤等病理生理条件下,HSP70,HSP90,HSP47,HSP32,HSP27等热休克蛋白分子均参与心血管系统的保护作用。     

Cloning and differential expression of three heat shock protein genes associated with thermal stress from the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Pardosa pseudoannulata is the main predatory natural enemy of crop pests in a paddy ecosystem. When P. pseudoannulata is exposed to unfavorable temperature conditions, the response of heat shock proteins could resist the damage, and is therefore, conducive to the organism’s rapid adaptation to the surrounding stress environment. In this study, we explored the roles of hsp70 and hsp90 genes in response to heat stress, using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique and cloned full-length cDNAs of Pphsp70, Pphsp83, and Pphsp90. The mRNA expression levels of the three genes under different temperature stresses (25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, and 43 °C) and with different duration stresses (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The full-length cDNA of Pphsp70, Pphsp83, and Pphsp90 was 2331 base pair (bp), 2466 bp, and 2663 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of Pphsp70, Pphsp83, and Pphsp90 showed that the sequences had high homology with that of other spiders. The mRNA expression of all three genes was extremely significantly up-regulated at 43 °C. Moreover at 43 °C, the expression of all three genes in both female and male spiders at the duration of 4 h was the highest compared to that of other stress duration groups. Therefore, it can be inferred that the three genes of P. pseudoannulata play a crucial protective role in resistance in a high-temperature environment.     

表达大肠杆菌分子伴侣GroEL、GroES和GrpE载体的构建及其应用

大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）共表达系统常要求质粒具有不同抗生素抗性以及不同的复制子。利用粘性末端PCR技术,以含有大肠杆菌分子伴侣基因GroEL、GroES和唧E的pR—GESP质粒为模板,设计两对引物,通过两次独立的PCR反应扩增3个基因的多顺反子,将形成粘性末端的PCR产物插入NcoI和Xho1酶切的pACY．CDuet-1质粒,构建的pA—GESP质粒具有p15A复制子及氯霉素抗性,和具有ColE1复制子及卡那霉素抗性表达载体pET28b相容。SDS—PAGE显示含有pA—GESP质粒的大肠杆菌细胞中3个分子伴侣蛋白的表达水平和含有pR—GESP质粒的大肠杆菌细胞没有明显差异,它们对玉米丝氨酸消旋酶的可溶性表达有部分促进作用,但对N端含有组氨酸标签的玉米铁氧还蛋白还原酶的表达没有作用,在三个含有不同抗生素基因的质粒中共表达分子伴侣、5-氨基乙酰丙酸合酶和尿卟啉原III甲基化酶,两个酶连续催化的荧光产物在细胞内积累量为562．13±3．17／OD600,而没有分子伴侣的积累量为457．66±4．98／OD600,表明分子伴侣改善部分蛋白在大肠杆菌的可溶性表达和催化功能。     

Chaperones in control of protein disaggregation

The chaperone protein network controls both initial protein folding and subsequent maintenance of proteins in the cell. Although the native structure of a protein is principally encoded in its amino-acid sequence, the process of folding in vivo very often requires the assistance of molecular chaperones. Chaperones also play a role in a post-translational quality control system and thus are required to maintain the proper conformation of proteins under changing environmental conditions. Many factors leading to unfolding and misfolding of proteins eventually result in protein aggregation. Stress imposed by high temperature was one of the first aggregation-inducing factors studied and remains one of the main models in this field. With massive protein aggregation occurring in response to heat exposure, the cell needs chaperones to control and counteract the aggregation process. Elimination of aggregates can be achieved by solubilization of aggregates and either refolding of the liberated polypeptides or their proteolysis. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), Hsp100 and small Hsp chaperones liberate and refold polypeptides trapped in protein aggregates.     

大鼠热休克蛋白70的融合表达及纯化鉴定

目的：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化大鼠热休克蛋白（HSP）70与麦芽糖结合蛋白（MBP）的融合蛋白,以进一步研究细胞外HSfr70的生物学功能。方法：用RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2X中,酶切鉴定并进行DNA测序;将该重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌B121,用IPTG在不同温度及时间下进行诱导表达,建立最佳诱导表达条件;采用Amylose树脂预装柱对目的蛋白进行亲和纯化,并对不同表达条件下的产物进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析。结果：克隆出目的基因,构建了融合表达载体pMAL-c2X／hsp70;诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE检测表明获得了目的条带,并纯化出纯度较高的融合蛋白;免疫印迹鉴定表明其具有抗原活性。结论：在大肠杆菌中高效表达并纯化了融合蛋白MBP-HSP70,为进一步研究细胞外HSP70的生物学效应提供了有用的材料。     

美国白蛾热激蛋白70基因的鉴定及功能分析

[目的]探究热激蛋白70 (heat shock protein 70,HSP70)基因在美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea抵御高温胁迫过程中的作用,为揭示美国白蛾的扩散机制以及预测潜在分布区提供理论支撑.[方法]利用PCR技术克隆美国白蛾HSP70基因,并进行生物信息学分析;利用qPCR技术检测新蜕皮的美国白蛾...     

A cyclophilin from Griffithsia japonica has thermoprotective activity and is affected by CsA

Members of the multifunctional Cyp family have been isolated from a wide range of organisms. However, few functional studies have been performed on the role of these proteins as chaperones in red alga. For studying the function of cDNA GjCyp-1 isolated from the red alga (Griffithsia japonica), we expressed and purified a recombinant GjCyp-1 containing a hexahistidine tag at the amino-terminus in Escherichia coli. An expressed fusion protein, H6GjCyp-1 maintained the stability of E. coli proteins up to 50 degrees C. For a functional bioassay for recombinant H6GjCyp-1, the viability of E. coli cells overexpressing H6GjCyp-1 was compared with that of cells not expressing H6GjCyp-1 at 50 degrees C. After high temperature treatment for 1 h, E. coli overexpressing H6GjCyp-1 survived about three times longer than E. coli lacking H6GjCyp-1. Measurement of the light scattering of luciferase (luc) showed that GjCyp-1 prevents the aggregation of luc during mild heat stress and that the thermoprotective activity of GjCyp-1 is blocked by cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of Cyps. Furthermore, the Cyp-CsA complex inhibited the growth of E. coli under normal conditions. The results of the GjCyp-1 bioassays as well as in vitro studies strongly suggest that Cyp confers thermotolerance to E. coli.     

Removal of DnaK contamination during fusion protein purifications

The use of fusion proteins for recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli has become popular because the carrier increases protein solubility, standardizes expression levels, and facilitates purification of the fusion products. However, we have observed that the peptide regions that fuse the carrier to the protein of interest bind E. coli Hsp70 molecular chaperones (DnaK) depending on their amino acid composition, resulting in an unwanted contamination during protein purification. Here we describe an approach that helps to circumvent this unwanted contamination. First, the appropriate amino acids surrounding and comprising the cloning site are chosen by using a software based on an algorithm already developed to decrease to a minimum the propensity of the fusion protein to bind DnaK. Second, DnaK contamination is significantly reduced by washing the fusion protein bound to the purification resin with MgATP plus soluble denatured E. coli proteins before elution. The approach can also be applied to eliminate other molecular chaperones.     

Co-expression of chaperonin GroEL/GroES enhances in vivo folding of yeast mitochondrial aconitase and alters the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli

Over last two decades many researchers have demonstrated the mechanisms of how the Escherichia coli chaperonin GroEL and GroES work in the binding and folding of different aggregation prone substrate proteins both in vivo and in vitro. However, preliminary aspects, such as influence of co-expressing GroEL and GroES on the over expression of other recombinant proteins in E. coli cells and subsequent growth aspects, as well as the conditions for optimum production of recombinant proteins in presence of recombinant chaperones have not been properly investigated. In the present study we have demonstrated the temperature dependent growth characteristics of E. coli cells, which are over expressing recombinant aconitase and how the co-expression of E. coli chaperonin GroEL and GroES influence the growth rate of the cells and in vivo folding of recombinant aconitase. Presence of co-expressed GroEL reduces the aconitase over-expression drastically; however, exogenous GroEL & GroES together compensate this reduction. For the aconitase over-expressing cells the growth rate decreases by 30% at 25 degrees C when compared with the M15 E. coli cells, however, there is an increase of 20% at 37 degrees C indicating the participation of endogenous chaperonin in the folding of a fraction of over expressed aconitase. However, in presence of co-expressed GroEL and GroES the growth rate of aconitase producing cells was enhanced by 30% at 37 degrees C confirming the assistance of exogenous chaperone system for the folding of recombinant aconitase. Optimum in vivo folding of aconitase requires co-production of complete E. coli chaperonin machinery GroEL and GroES together.     

分子伴侣对白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达的促进作用

为了获得有活性的白喉毒素突变体蛋白 (Cross-reacting material 197,CRM197),本研究利用分子伴侣pG-KJE8与重组质粒pET28a-CRM197在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中进行共表达,来促进目的蛋白的正确折叠,进而提高CRM197蛋白的可溶性表达。将质粒转化至大肠杆菌后并诱导其表达目的蛋白,再通过SDS-PAGE胶染色、Western blotting等技术对所得蛋白进行检测分析。结果发现：利用体外重组技术成功得到了pET28a-CRM197重组蛋白原核表达质粒,且CRM197重组蛋白在原核表达系统中主要以包涵体形式表达;通过探索和优化,确定了诱导蛋白的最佳浓度和温度,当加入终浓度为1.0 mmol/L IPTG、0.5 mg/mL L-阿拉伯糖、5.0 ng/mL四环素,在20 ℃条件下诱导16 h时,目的蛋白的可溶性表达得到显著提高;可溶性表达的CRM197重组蛋白可以与CRM197一抗发生特异性结合,免疫反应性良好。因此,研究发现分子伴侣pG-KJE8可以促进CRM197重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中以可溶性形式表达,且能很好地与CRM197一抗发生特异性结合,证实CRM197重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性,为CRM197蛋白的工业化生产及应用奠定了一定的基础。     

Hyper-acidic protein fusion partners improve solubility and assist correct folding of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli

High expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) often leads to protein aggregation. One popular approach to address this problem is the use of fusion tags (or partners) that improve the solubility of the proteins in question. However, such fusion tags are not effective for all proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that the hyper-acidic protein fusion partners can largely enhance the soluble expression of target proteins recalcitrant to the efforts by using routine solubilising tags. This new type of fusion partners examined includes three extremely acidic E. coli polypeptides, i.e. yjgD, the N-terminal domain of rpoD (sigma 70 factor of RNA polymerase) and our preliminarily evaluated msyB. The target proteins used are highly aggregation-prone, including EK (the bovine enterokinase), TEV (the tobacco etch virus protease) and rbcL (the large subunit of tobacco ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). On removal in vitro and in vivo of the fusion tags by using yeast SUMO/Ulp1 reaction and TEV auto-cleavage, the resultant findings indicate the hyper-acidic fusion partners can function as intramolecular chaperones assisting in the correct folding of the target proteins.