参麦注射液辅助治疗慢性心衰患者的临床疗效观察

目的:评价参麦注射液辅助治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)的临床疗效,并探讨其对患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hsCRP)及脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平的影响.方法:选择心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级(NYHA)的CHF患者120例,随机分为对照组和治疗组(每组60例),两组患者均予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上静滴参麦注射液,两组均治疗15天,检测和比较两组治疗前后患者的血清hsCRP、BNP水平和心脏超声测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd).结果:对照组和治疗组的心功能临床有效率分别为73.7％和88.7％,治疗组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后,两组LVEF均较治疗前明显升高(P＜0.05),LVEDd均较治疗前明显缩小(P＜0.05),且治疗组与对照组相比有统计学差异(P＜0.05).而治疗后,两组血浆BNP和hsCRP水平均较治疗前显著下降(P＜0.01),且治疗组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).两组治疗过程中均无明显不良反应发生.结论:参麦注射液辅助治疗CHF的疗效较常规治疗更好,可显著降低患者血清hsCRP、BNP水平,改善左室功能.     

左卡尼汀对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的:探讨左卡尼汀辅助治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效及其安全性.方法:选取我科慢性心力衰竭住院患者60例,随机分为左卡尼汀治疗组和对照组.两组均接受利尿剂、洋地黄等常规抗心衰治疗,左卡尼汀治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用左卡尼汀3g/次,每天一次,连续静脉注射7d.治疗前后测定和比较两组患者的血清半乳糖凝集素3和脑钠尿肽(BNP)水平、6min最大步行距离(6MWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及心功能.结果:治疗前,两组Galectin-3、BNP水平、LVEF、6min最大步行距离比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).治疗后,两组Galectin-3、BNP水平均分别显著低于治疗前,而LVEF、6min最大步行距离均分别显著高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且左卡尼汀治疗组Galectin-3、BNP水平显著低于对照组,而LVEF、6 min最大步行距离显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后,左卡尼汀治疗组和对照组的治疗总有效率分别为96.7％和80％,左卡尼汀治疗组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组不良反应的发生情况比较无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:常规治疗的基础上联合左卡尼汀可以显著改善心衰患者的心功能,增加其运动耐量,改善患者的预后,且无明显不良反应,值得在临床上推广应用.     

胺碘酮联合厄贝沙坦对慢性心功能不全合并阵发性房颤的临床效果观察

目的:评价胺碘酮联合厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全合并阵发性房颤的临床疗效及安全性.方法:选择我院收治的慢性心衰合并阵发性房颤患者167例,均使用胺碘酮维持窦性心律,根据患者是否加用厄贝沙坦分为治疗组及对照组.治疗一年后,观察和比较两组患者的心衰住院率、左室射血分数、左房内径、心功能分级情况,通过动态心电图评估窦性心律维持率、房颤复发率.结果:治疗后,治疗组房颤的复发率、慢性房颤的发生率均明显低于对照组,窦性心律维持率明显高于对照组,左房内径较对照组明显减小,心衰住院率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组左房内径较治疗前明显扩大(P＜0.05),两组患者在心功能分级方面较治疗前均有明显改善(P＜0.05),但两组之间心功能分级比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).两组不良反应(甲状腺功能异常、肝功能异常、肺纤维化、低血压)的发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:胺碘酮联合厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全伴阵发性房颤的患者,能较好的维持窦性心律,降低心衰住院率,对心脏重构有较好的改善作用,且具有良好的安全性.     

小剂量多巴胺联合米力农对顽固性心力衰竭的疗效及对心功能的影响

目的:探讨小剂量多巴胺联合米力农对顽固性心力衰竭的疗效及对心功能的影响。方法:选取2014年7月-2016年7月我院老年病科、心血管科二区收治的顽固性心力衰竭患者160例,给予常规抗心衰治疗的80例记为对照组,在对照组基础上加用小剂量多巴胺联合米力农治疗的80例记为观察组,疗程均为7 d。比较两组患者的疗效;比较两组患者的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB);比较两组患者治疗前后血清NT-pro BNP水平。结果:观察组总有效率为96.25%,显著高于对照组的66.25%(P0.05);治疗前两组LVEF、LVEDD、CK、CK-MB比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后的LVEF较对照组升高,LVEDD、CK、CK-MB较对照组降低(P0.05);治疗前两组患者血清NT-pro BNP水平无显著差异(P0.05)。经过治疗后,两组患者血清NT-pro BNP水平显著下降(P0.05),治疗后观察组血清NT-pro BNP水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小剂量多巴胺联合米力农治疗顽固性心力衰竭疗效显著,有助于心功能的恢复,显著降低患者血清NT-pro BNP水平,值得临床应用。     

卡维地洛联合厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效及对IL-6的影响

目的:探讨卡维地洛联合厄贝沙坦治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效及对血浆IL-6的影响。方法:选择64例慢性心功能不全患者采用平行对照法随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例,对照组给予血管扩张剂、利尿剂和强心剂等基础用药进行常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用卡维地洛联合厄贝沙坦进行治疗,疗程均为4周,观察两组患者的临床疗效、心功能分级和血浆IL-6水平变化情况。结果:4周疗程后,观察组总有效率为84.38%显著高于对照组的59.38%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);心功能分级变化情况显示,治疗后两组患者心功能分级状况都有所变化,症状得到改善。与对照组相比观察组I级患者数量明显增加,III级数量减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者IL-6水平均下降,且左室射血分数(LVEF)值升高,与对照组相比观察组患者指标水平变化明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在常规用药基础上加用卡维地洛和厄贝沙坦,可改善慢性心功能不全症状,降低IL-6水平,临床疗效显著。     

慢性心力衰竭患者彩色多普勒超声心功能参数与血清同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者彩色多普勒超声的心功能参数与血清同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性。方法:选取2016年2月至2017年6月期间我院收治的CHF患者73例作为研究组,选取同期体检的健康志愿者70例作为对照组。检测两组血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平,采用彩色多普勒超声测定两组心脏左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)。分析CHF患者血清Hcy水平与NT-proBNP、LVEF、LVEDd的相关性,观察不同血清Hcy水平CHF患者心血管事件发生情况。结果:研究组血清Hcy、NT-proBNP及LVEDd显著高于对照组,LVEF显著低于对照组(P0.05)。Ⅳ级患者血清Hcy、NT-proBNP、LVEDd水平高于Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级,且Ⅲ级高于Ⅱ级(P0.05);Ⅳ级患者LVEF水平低于Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级,且Ⅲ级低于Ⅱ级(P0.05)。由Pearson相关性分析可得,CHF患者血清Hcy水平与血清NT-proBNP、LVEDd呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关(P0.05)。血清Hcy水平高于25μmol/L的患者心血管事件发生率为31.43%,血清Hcy水平在15μmol/L-25μmol/L范围内的患者心血管事件发生率为10.53%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CHF患者血清Hcy、NT-proBNP、LVEDd随心功能恶化程度增加而升高,LVEF随之降低,且Hcy水平越高,患者预后越差。     

小剂量甲状腺素联合厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪治疗老年重症心力衰竭的效果观察

目的:探究使用小剂量甲状腺素联合厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪治疗老年重症心力衰竭(CHF)中的治疗效果。方法:将37例本院老年CHF患者随机分做实验组(19例)及对照组(18例)。对照组予厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片及美托洛尔治疗;实验组予厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片、美托洛尔及左旋甲状腺素钠片治疗。对比治疗前后两组患者心力衰竭症状、心功能及甲状腺素水平的变化。结果:实验组总有效率(94.7%)高于对照组(77.8%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平及胱抑素C水平增加,纽约心脏病协会分级(NYHA)及B型脑钠肽水平均降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组LVEF及胱抑素C水平较高,NYHA分级及B型脑钠肽水平较低,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);两组血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、血清甲状腺素(T4)水平均升高(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组血清T3、T4水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小剂量甲状腺素联合厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪治疗老年CHF的效果显著,可以明显改善心力衰竭症状、提高LVEF水平,降低NYHA分级及血清中B型脑钠肽水平。     

螺内酯对充血性心衰患者心功能和血浆脑钠肽的影响

目的:观察螺内酯治疗充血性心力衰竭患者前后心功能和脑钠肽的变化及临床意义.方法:选取2008-2010年沈阳军区总医院心内科门诊的充血性心力衰竭患者70例,随机分为螺内酯治疗组和对照组,对照组采用常规内科治疗.螺内酯治疗组在常规内科治疗的基础上加用螺内酯治疗.结果:两组治疗前左室收缩末期容积(LVESV),左心室射血分数(LVEF),血浆BNP水平比较无差异(P＞0.05),治疗后两组LVESV,血浆BNP明显下降,LVEF水平明显升高(P＜0.05).螺内酯治疗组临床疗效高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:螺内酯可以改善充血性心力衰竭患者的心脏功能.     

小剂量螺内酯联合美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆NT-p roBNP、CRP水平及心功能的影响

目的:观察小剂量螺内酯联合美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆NT-p roBNP、CRP水平及心功能的影响.方法:将71例慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,均予常规抗心衰治疗,治疗组加服小剂量螺内酯联合美托洛尔,疗程12周.治疗前后用彩超测定心功能指标左心室射血分数(LVEF),ELISA法和散射比浊法测定血浆N2末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.结果:治疗后治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组,心功能指标LVEF明显升高,血浆NT-proBNP、CRP水平均明显下降,P均＜0.05;治疗组血浆NT-p roBNP与LVEF呈负相关(r=0.75,P＜0.05);血浆CRP水平与LVEF增加呈负相关(r=0.433,P＜0.05).结论:小剂量螺内酯联合美托洛尔治疗慢性心衰效果确切,其主要作用机制为降低血浆NT-proBNP、CRP水平和改善心功能.     

心脏彩超与N末端脑钠肽在H型高血压心功能不全中的临床诊断价值比较

目的:对比分析心脏彩超与N末端脑钠肽(NT pro BNP)在H型高血压心功能不全中的临床诊断价值。方法:选择2016年1月～2017年12月在我院进行诊治的119例H型高血压心功能不全患者,采用美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)分级方案将患者的心功能等级分成Ⅰ级组、Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组、Ⅵ级组,并选取同期在我院诊治的Hcy正常的116例高血压患者。检测所有患者的NT pro BNP水平,并采取心脏彩超检测患者的左心房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)以及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果:H型高血压组的LAD、LVEDd、NT pro BNP水平明显高于Hcy正常高血压组(P0.05),LVEF明显低于Hcy正常高血压组(P0.05);NT pro BNP和LVEF的阳性率随着H型高血压患者心功能分级的增加,呈上升趋势。不同心功能分级患者NT pro BNP和LVEF的阳性率相比差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);H型高血压患者的Hcy水平与LAD呈明显的正相关(r=0.647,P=0.000),LVEDd呈明显的正相关(r=0.613,P=0.000),LVEF呈明显的负相关(r=-0.739,P=0.000),NT pro BNP呈明显的正相关(r=0.832,P=0.000)。LVEF诊断心功能不全的AUC为0.798,临界值为52.7%,敏感性为83.3%,特异性为57.3%;NT pro BNP诊断心功能不全的AUC为0.802,临界值为260.3 pg/mL,敏感性为85.7%,特异性为58.3%。结论:心脏彩超和NT pro BNP诊断H型高血压心功能不全患者的临床价值较高,可为其诊断提供有效的参数依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.