米胚多糖的组成及抗氧化性研究

为了研究米胚多糖的单糖组分、氨基酸及抗氧化性,采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定米胚多糖的单糖组分;通过氨基酸自动分析仪检测米胚多糖中的氨基酸。结果表明:米胚多糖由甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖组成,其物质的量比为0.90∶4.62∶2.02∶1.52∶35.30。米胚多糖检测出17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为2.01%。米胚多糖对DPPH自由基清除率为43.03%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为47.84%,对羟自由基清除率为64.12%;还原力随浓度的增加而增强。米胚多糖可提高小鼠血清及组织中的SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量。米胚多糖在体外和体内均具有一定的抗氧化性。     

嗜热链球菌MGB80-7所产胞外多糖的表型结构及其抗氧化活性

【背景】胞外多糖（exopolysaccharide,EPS）是乳酸菌生长代谢过程中所产生的一种次级代谢产物,除了可以改善产品质构和品质外,其生理功能也是近年来研究人员追捧的热点。【目的】探究乳酸菌EPS的表征特性和分子结构,揭示其与EPS益生特性之间的联系。【方法】以产EPS的嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus,S. thermophilus） MGB80-7为研究对象,利用苯酚-硫酸法测定菌株EPS产量。采用离子交换柱层析和凝胶分子筛层析对该菌株所产EPS进行分离纯化,结合凝胶色谱、红外光谱及高效液相色谱对EPS表型结构进行剖析。此外,为确定EPS表型特征对其抗氧化活性的影响,测定了EPS对超氧阴离子、羟自由基及DPPH自由基等的清除能力。【结果】S. thermophilus MGB80-7在M17培养基中EPS产量较高,为（268.25±5.36） mg/mL,分离纯化后共得到2种多糖组分,其中中性多糖（WPS-807）分子量为1.028×10⁵ Da,主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成,并含有少量的鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖,酸性多糖（...     

不同品种黄麻叶多糖的理化特征及抗氧化活性研究

为提高黄麻的综合开发价值,利用热水浸提-醇沉法提取不同品种黄麻叶多糖,并对多糖的含量、结构、单糖组成、分子量以及羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的清除率分别采用硫酸-苯酚法、FT-IR光谱法、水解衍生-HPLC法、凝胶渗透色谱法、水杨酸法、邻苯三酚法、二苯代苦味酰肼自由基法进行理化特征及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明:圆果种黄麻叶多糖的含量为80.92 mg/g,单糖组成主要为半乳糖(27.06%),分子量为59.87 kDa;长果种黄麻叶多糖的含量为60.77 mg/g,单糖组成主要为葡萄糖(44.55%),分子量为102.54 kDa;红外光谱显示此两种黄麻叶多糖结构出现相似吸收峰,均具有多糖类物质的典型特征;在多糖浓度为1 mg/mL时,圆果种黄麻叶多糖对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率分别为46.23%、67.30%、75.02%,长果种黄麻叶多糖相应清除率分别为41.81%、61.11%、66.81%;圆果种黄麻叶多糖对自由基清除能力的EC_(50)均低于长果种黄麻叶多糖。两种黄麻叶多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力,是潜在的抗氧化活性物质药用资源。     

两株乳酸杆菌SY13和LJJ对活性氧的耐受性

【目的】从传统发酵乳制品中筛选具有抗氧化能力的乳酸菌菌株并对其抗氧化特性进行评价。【方法】分别利用乳酸杆菌SY13和LJJ完整细胞和无细胞提取物对亚油酸过氧化的抑制效果,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力,对过氧化氢的耐受性以及对亚铁离子的螯合能力和还原活性进行了研究。【结果】结果表明,SY13和LJJ对亚油酸过氧化的最大抑制率分别达到了62.95%和66.16%;两菌株的无细胞提取物清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基的的效果较好,LJJ完整细胞对超氧阴离子和羟自由基没有清除能力;SY13和LJJ对DPPH自由基的清除能力及对亚铁离子的螯合能力都是完整细胞优于无细胞提取物,还原活性分别相当于305 μmol/L和294 μmol/L的L-cysteine。【结论】以上指标测定的结果说明,这两株乳酸杆菌具有较好的抗氧化能力,具有潜在的应用价值。     

风干羊肉中乳酸菌的体内外抗氧化特性

【背景】机体的衰老和一些疾病多与氧化作用有关,随着对抗氧化制剂研究的深入,人工合成抗氧化剂的安全性受到质疑,因此寻找天然抗氧化制剂的研究已成为热点。【目的】从风干羊肉中筛选抗氧化活性较高的乳酸菌,分析肉源乳酸菌体内外抗氧化能力。【方法】以24株肉源乳酸菌为研究对象,以自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力、还原能力及抗脂质过氧化能力为体外抗氧化能力分析指标,筛选出体外抗氧化活性较强的乳酸菌,运用16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析进行菌种鉴定,通过小鼠试验研究其体内抗氧化能力。【结果】试验所测24株乳酸菌均具有一定的体外抗氧化能力,其中菌株TR13为24株乳酸菌中体外抗氧化能力较强的菌株,其超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)清除率为54.29%,羟自由基(·OH)清除率为90.84%, 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)清除率为99.38%,亚铁离子螯合率为55.85%,还原能力达1.345,抗脂质过氧化率为39.99%。通过16S rRNA基因鉴定,菌株TR13为一株瑞士乳杆菌。通过给D-半乳糖诱导的衰老型小鼠饲喂TR13菌...     

宁夏野生甘草中产甘草黄酮耐盐内生真菌分离及其DPPH自由基清除作用

采用组织分离法,在不含盐及含盐PDA培养基上分离、纯化内生菌,以甘草苷等8种甘草黄酮为对照品,分析发酵产物;DPPH自由基清除法测定清除率。共得到108株内生菌,TLC发现31株可能产甘草黄酮;HPLC-UV发现产甘草苷7株,产异甘草苷3株,产甘草素3株,产甘草查尔酮A3株,产刺甘草查尔酮1株,均为耐盐菌;产甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草查尔酮A、刺甘草查尔酮的部分菌株有较强DPPH清除率;产甘草苷和异甘草苷的菌株8-5-Y-2活性最强,与甘草总黄酮相当,强于甘草查尔酮A。盐协迫得到产甘草黄酮,且具较强DPPH自由基清除活性的耐盐内生真菌,为资源替代奠定基础。     

荒漠土壤中两株抗氧化细菌的抗氧化生理生化特征

【背景】微生物在荒漠生态系统中经常面临多重胁迫,包括干旱、高温、UV辐射,这些环境胁迫使得荒漠土壤微生物极易在体内外积累大量的超氧离子或过氧化物,抑制其生长或者直接造成死亡。【目的】荒漠土壤细菌为适应荒漠环境表现出抗氧化特性,作为荒漠生态系统重要组成部分,对其抗氧化特性的研究为荒漠地区抗氧化资源的开发提供科学依据和技术基础,也对荒漠微生物抗氧化机制的挖掘奠定了基础。【方法】利用过氧化氢氧化筛选出两株具有强抗氧化性的荒漠土壤细菌:海床动性微菌AX6(PlanomicrobiumokeanokoitesAX6)和海洋考克氏菌KD4(Kocuriamarina KD4),通过测定其在过氧化氢条件下的生长曲线、细胞受损程度、抗氧化酶活性以及自由基清除能力,探究荒漠土壤微生物的抗氧化生理生化特征。【结果】两株细菌在低浓度过氧化氢中细胞丙二醛含量显著低于阴性对照大肠杆菌,在1.5mmol/L过氧化氢中菌株AX6的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性可达108.33 U/mL,同时DPPH、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力显著升高;此外,在3 mmol/L过氧化氢中菌株KD4的过氧化氢酶活性升高至1.16 U/mL,显...     

猪消化道中产苯乳酸乳酸菌的益生特性研究

【目的】建立一种简单有效的产苯乳酸乳酸菌的筛选方法,并筛选到高产苯乳酸的乳酸菌。【方法】菌株经过添加了苯丙氨酸的培养基厌氧培养后,利用高效液相色谱法检测发酵液中苯乳酸的含量。【结果】从猪的消化道中共分离得到31株产苯乳酸的乳酸菌,其中菌株R53的苯乳酸产量最大,为321.7 mg/L。菌株R53对.OH、O2和DPPH都有清除能力,清除率分别达到11.2%、52.7%和63.2%。同时R53也能降低培养基中胆固醇的含量,清除率为32.5%。【结论】乳酸菌R53经菌落形态、细胞形态、生化反应实验、16S rDNA测序,最终确定为植物乳杆菌。植物乳杆菌R53能产生苯乳酸,具有清除胆固醇和抗氧化能力。     

对黄豆苷原具转化作用的耐氧突变株Aeroto-AUH-JLC140未知代谢产物分离、鉴定及抗氧化活性测定

【目的】与原出发菌株AUH-JLC140相比,耐氧突变株Aeroto-AUH-JLC140在其生长过程中产生一种未知物质,且该未知物质的产生与添加底物黄豆苷原无关。对该未知物质进行分离纯化和结构鉴定,并测定其产生动态及抗氧化活性。【方法】利用高效液相色谱对未知物质进行分离,经紫外吸收图谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱等分析,对未知物质进行结构鉴定;通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)清除试验测定其抗氧化活性。【结果】Aeroto-AUH-JLC140产生的未知物质被鉴定为吲哚,接种后15 h菌株产吲哚最高,所产吲哚量为19.89 mg/L。浓度为0.2 mmol/L(即23.40 mg/L)的吲哚除对DPPH自由基具有明显清除作用外,还能有效降低脑心浸液(BHI)液体培养基的氧化-还原电位。【结论】耐氧突变株Aeroto-AUH-JLC140产生的未知代谢产物为吲哚,菌株通过产生吲哚降低培养基氧化-还原电位,进而为该菌株的生长提供适宜的低氧微环境。     

高效抗氧化大型真菌的筛选

为获得高效抗氧化菌株,采用直接提取方式从20个大型真菌菌株菌丝体培养液中提取抗氧化活性物质,采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸法、DPPH法测定各菌株菌丝体培养粗提液对超氧阴离子自由基(O2)、羟基自由基.(OH)及1,1-二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH-)的清除作用。结果表明:各菌株菌丝体培养粗提液对(O2)、.OH及DPPH-均有一定的清除作用,其中菌株NG菌丝体培养粗提液对OH-的清除效果最好,清除率为75.56%;菌株02菌丝体培养粗提液对(O2-)的清除效果最好,清除率为37.51%;菌株EG菌丝体培养粗提液对DPPH-清除效果最好,清除率为66.91%。     

60Coγ射线诱变选育高产虾青素红发夫酵母突变株

为了筛选高产虾青素红发夫酵母突变株,用不同剂量^60Coγ射线对出发菌株菌液进行反复辐射处理,得到突变株W6-318,并对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明不同照射剂量下正突变率为10％—36％,在射线诱变剂量为3．5kGy时诱变效果最佳。最优化条件下突变株生物量、总类胡萝卜素和虾青素产量分别为10．15gL^-1、14．97mgL^-1和12．55mgL^-1,分别比出发菌株提高11．17％、86．39％和101．8％。5L发酵罐放大培养中的生物量、总类胡萝卜素和虾青素产量分别为15．56gL^-1、18．54mgL^-1和14．97mgL^-1。     

Relative biological effectiveness of the alpha-particle emitter (211)At for double-strand break induction in human fibroblasts

The purpose of this study was to quantify and to determine the distribution of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells irradiated in vitro and to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the alpha-particle emitter (211)At for DSB induction. The influence of the irradiation temperature on the induction of DSBs was also investigated. Human fibroblasts were irradiated as intact cells with alpha particles from (211)At, (60)Co gamma rays and X rays. The numbers and distributions of DSBs were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with fragment analysis for separation of DNA fragments in sizes 10 kbp-5.7 Mbp. A non-random distribution was found for DSB induction after irradiation with alpha particles from (211)At, while irradiation with low-LET radiation led to more random distributions. The RBEs for DSB induction were 2.1 and 3.1 for (60)Co gamma rays and X rays as the reference radiation, respectively. In the experiments studying temperature effects, nuclear monolayers were irradiated with (211)At alpha particles or (60)Co gamma rays at 2 degrees C or 37 degrees C and intact cells were irradiated with (211)At alpha particles at the same temperatures. The dose-modifying factor (DMF(temp)) for irradiation of nuclear monolayers at 37 degrees C compared with 2 degrees C was 1.7 for (211)At alpha particles and 1.6 for (60)Co gamma rays. No temperature effect was observed for intact cells irradiated with (211)At. In conclusion, irradiation with alpha particles from (211)At induced two to three times more DSB than gamma rays and X rays.     

Electron-beam sterilization of laboratory animal diets--sterilizing effect of 10-MeV electrons from a linear accelerator.

Electron beam sterilization for laboratory animal diets was examined as an alternative to 60Co gamma rays. Solid, powder diets for "mice and rats" and solid diets for "rabbits and guinea pigs" which are the main products sterilized by 60Co gamma rays were irradiated with 10-MeV electrons from a linear accelerator at the Research Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Osaka Prefecture University. At least 20 kGy was required to sterilize the samples irrespective of solid or powder diets, which was in good accordance with the results for 60Co gamma rays. Using a set dose of 30 kGy, a thickness of 45 mm for solid diets and 30 mm for powder diets could be sterilized by "one-sided" irradiation. "Dual-sided" irradiation could sterilize all the solid diets and the powder diets contained in the thicknesses of 90 mm and 75 mm, respectively. Irradiation effects of 10-MeV electrons on the nutrient quality of each diet were almost equivalent to those of 60Co gamma rays. These results suggest that commercially adopted sterilization doses for 60Co gamma rays are applicable to electron sterilization without modification if the depth-dose profile and the minimum dose of irradiated samples are precisely assessed.     

高原链带藻抗氧化蛋白分离纯化与结构鉴定

【背景】微藻Desmodesmus sp. QL96从我国西藏地区分离得到,经形态鉴定隶属于链带藻属。前期研究发现,这种链带藻在4℃和25℃下均可生长,在25℃生长时,干细胞中蛋白质含量可高达71.68%(质量分数),而且蛋白粗提物具有一定的抗氧化活力。【目的】分离纯化Desmodesmus sp. QL96细胞中具有抗氧化活力的蛋白质,并对其结构进行鉴定。【方法】应用柱层析的方法分离纯化Desmodesmus sp. QL96细胞中具有抗氧化活力的蛋白质,通过化学发光法和细胞学实验对该蛋白的抗氧化活性进行检测,并通过质谱技术对其一级结构进行检测。【结果】Desmodesmus sp. QL96细胞中抗氧化蛋白的含量占微藻细胞干重的11.40%(质量分数);纯化的Desmodesmus sp. QL96抗氧化蛋白在一定浓度范围内对OH-、DPPH、ABTS自由基和H2O2具有较好的清除率(超过60%),细胞学实验显示其对H2O2诱导的HepG2细胞氧化损伤具有抑制作用,验证了其抗氧化功能;通过质谱技术检测了Desmodesmus sp. QL96抗氧化蛋白的氨基酸序列,并进行了生物信息学分析,结果显示,这种蛋白质的理论分子量为44.8 kD、pI 5.79,与NCBI中目前已知的其他物种蛋白质的相似性不超过59%。【结论】Desmodesmus sp. QL96可能生产一种具有抗氧化活性的新蛋白质,后续将对其转录本进行分析,验证其遗传信息的同源性,并分析其规模化生产和应用前景。     

Autoradiographically detected impairment of RNA synthesis pattern in 8-16 cell bovine embryos after irradiation

Early preimplantation bovine embryos at 8- or 16-cell stage were analysed by [5-3H]uridine autoradiography for distribution of newly synthesized RNA after 60Co irradiation with a single dose of 1 Gy, 2 Gy or 4 Gy gamma rays, respectively. Embryos irradiated with a single dose of 1 Gy showed equally decreased synthesis of RNA in nucleoplasma as well as in nucleolus. In embryos irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy or 4 Gy, RNA synthesis was decreased and localized mostly on the periphery of the nucleus; in both cases of irradiation, the nucleus center being without labelling. In most of embryos irradiated with a dose of 4 Gy, the nucleoli were not labelled, and an increasing occurrence appeared of various nucleus chromatin segregation forms, mainly as its marginalization.     

牡蛎形拟层孔菌生物学特性、驯化栽培及抗氧化活性

对采自江西省萍乡市的野生牡蛎形拟层孔菌Fomitopsis ostreiformis子实体分离的菌株进行生物学特性的单因素及正交试验,在对其菌丝体最适培养条件研究结果的基础上,对其进行驯化栽培研究。通过水提醇沉法对获得的牡蛎形拟层孔菌栽培子实体进行粗多糖提取,并通过测定其粗多糖对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率,讨论该菌体外抗氧化活性。结果显示：牡蛎形拟层孔菌的最适生长碳源与氮源分别为葡萄糖和酵母浸粉,最适生长pH为5.0-6.0,最适生长温度为35℃,温度因素对其菌丝体生长的影响最大;栽培种接种后,60d左右可形成成熟的子实体;其栽培子实体粗多糖的提取率为10.88%,提取粗多糖中总糖含量为23.87%;粗多糖对DPPH自由基和羟自由基均具有较强的清除率,且均存在一定的量效关系,表明该菌具有较高的抗氧化应用潜力。     

耐辐射黑色酵母状真菌的筛选和特性研究

【目的】确定辐射污染土样中分离筛选获得的一批黑色酵母状真菌的分类学地位和抗逆特性。【方法】通过菌落形态和菌丝特征观察,结合LSU rDNA D1/D2区序列的系统发育分析,并进行了菌株的60Coγ射线照射、紫外线照射和对等重金属离子以及NaCl生长压力实验。【结果】上述菌株均为Aureobasidium属菌,其中菌株F99和F134均与A.pullulans var.subglaciale CBS 123388T具有最大同源性,为100%;菌株F19与A.pullulans var.melaogenum CBS 105.22T具有最大同源性,为99.8%;上述菌株均具有极强的抗逆特性。【结论】为了解耐辐射真菌抗逆机理提供了重要的研究材料。     

Response of X-ray-sensitive CHO mutant cells to gamma radiation. I. Effects of low dose rates and the process of repair of potentially lethal damage in G1 phase

X-ray-sensitive CHO mutants (xrs-5 and xrs-6) were exposed to isoleucine-deficient (IL-) medium for 24-36 h to accumulate G1-phase cells. Cells exposed to IL- medium for up to 5 days did not show significant changes in plating efficiency when returned to normal medium. Nearly confluent cultures of IL- -treated cells were irradiated with either 60Co gamma rays (75 cGy/min) or 137Cs gamma rays (2.7, 6.0, or 15.3 cGy/h). A significant reduction (approximately 2.5-fold) in the radiation sensitivity of the parental CHO K-1 cells was observed for chronic low-dose-rate radiation exposure compared to the results obtained for acute high-dose-rate exposure. However, no noticeable differences were observed in the survival curves of either xrs-5 or xrs-6 cells when low-dose-rate and acute exposures were compared. CHO K-1 cells exhibited potentially lethal damage repair while held in IL- medium after gamma irradiation, whereas no repair was observed in either of the radiation-sensitive mutant lines examined at similar survival levels.     

Relative biological effectiveness of 144 keV neutrons in producing dicentric chromosomes in human lymphocytes compared with 60Co gamma rays under head-to-head conditions

The RBE for neutrons was assessed in a head-to-head experiment in which cultures of lymphocytes from the same male donor were irradiated simultaneously with 144 keV neutrons and with 60Co gamma rays as the reference radiation and evaluated using matched time, culture conditions, and the end point of chromosomal aberrations to avoid potential confounding factors that would influence the outcome of the experiment. In addition, the irradiation time was held constant at 2 h for the high-dose groups for both radiation types, which resulted in rather low dose rates. For the induction of dicentric chromosomes, the exposure to the 144 keV neutrons was found to be almost equally as effective (yield coefficient alpha(dic) = 0.786 +/- 0.066 dicentrics per cell per gray) as that found previously for irradiation with monoenergetic neutrons at 565 keV (alpha(dic) = 0.813 +/- 0.052 dicentrics per cell per gray) under comparable exposure and culture conditions (Radiat. Res. 154, 307-312, 2000). However, the values of the maximum low-dose RBE (RBE(m)) relative to 60Co gamma rays that were determined in the present and previous studies show an insignificant but conspicuous difference: 57.0 +/- 18.8 and 76.0 +/- 29.5, respectively. This difference is mainly due to the difference in the alpha(dic) value of the 60Co gamma rays, the reference radiation, which was 0.0138 +/- 0.0044 Gy(-1) in the present study and 0.0107 +/- 0.0041 Gy(-1) in the previous study. In the present experiment, irradiations with 144 keV neutrons and 60Co gamma rays were both performed at 21 degrees C, while in the earlier experiment irradiations with 565 keV neutrons were performed at 21 degrees C and the corresponding reference irradiation with gamma rays was performed at 37 degrees C. However, the temperature difference between 21 degrees C and 37 degrees C has a minor influence on the yield of chromosomal alterations and hence RBE values. The large cubic PMMA phantom that was used for the gamma irradiations in the present study results in a larger dose contribution from Compton-scattered photons compared to the mini-phantom used in the earlier experiments. The contribution of these scattered photons may explain the large value of alpha(dic) for gamma irradiation in the present study. These results indicate that the yield coefficient alpha(dic) for 144 keV neutrons is similar to the one for 565 keV neutrons, and that modification of the alpha(dic) value of the low-LET reference radiation, due to changes in the experimental conditions, can influence the RBE(m). Consequently, alpha(dic) values cannot be shared between cytogenetic laboratories for the purpose of assessment of RBM(m) without verification of the comparability of the experimental conditions.     

Changes in DNA flexibility after irradiation with gamma rays and neutrons studied with the perturbed angular correlation method

Neutron and gamma irradiation of buffered solutions of calf thymus DNA resulted in changes in the dynamics of the macromolecule. In the low-dose region (0.8-10 cGy of 239Pu-Be neutrons and 0.34-3 Gy of 60Co gamma rays), the flexibility of DNA decreased as indicated by slower rotation of the molecules. Neutrons appeared to be approximately 35 times more effective than 60Co gamma rays. The rotational correlation time, tau C, was measured using the perturbed angular correlation (PAC) method. Its variation appears to follow a linear-exponential behavior. An attempt is made to formulate this behavior as a function of the energy deposited on the macromolecule (radiation dose), the average threshold energy (dose) required to form new lesions, and the available population of intact DNA sites.