悬钩子属和蔷薇属的新植物

本文发表了山莓两个新变型和小果蔷薇一新变型,即粉红山莓Rubus corchorifolius L.f.f.roseolus Z.X.Yu、重瓣山莓R.cor-chorifolius L.f.f.Hemi semiplenus Z.X.Yu,还有重瓣小果蔷薇Rosa cymosa Tratt.f.plena Z.X.Yu et G.Z.Liu。     

THE WEB-SPINNING PROCESS AND WEB-STRUCTURE OF LATRODECTUS TREDECIMGUTTATUS, L. PALLIDUS AND L. REVIVENSIS

The web structure and the web spinning process of Latrodectus tredecimguttatus Rossi, Latrodectus pallidus Cambridge and Latrodectus revivensis Shulov have been investigated, particular attention being given to the structure of their catching webs.
The webs of Latrodectus represent a further development of the web-type of Archaeranea tepidariorum . The specific characters of the investigated webs concern the middle layer of their three-layer webs, where more or less regular structures appear.
In the middle layer of L. tredecimguttatus web paths of hexagonal meshes appear.
In the web of L. pallidus and L. revivensis more or less regular radially arranged catching platforms appear, connected with the distant retreat by a long bridge-web.
The lower layer of vertical threads, with viscid droplets on their far ends is spread-out in L. tredecimguttatus and consists of short threads as distinct from the concentrated bundle of high threads in the two other species.
Since L. pallidus and L. revivensis appear usually among vegetation, their restricted catching webs seem to be adaptive adjustment to the biotope.
The concentration of the catching webs brings about improvement as regards prey detection.
The differences in the web structure of L. tredecimguttatus and L. revivensis indicate that their behavioural characters are more distinct than the morphological ones. The different behavioural characters support the view that L. revivensis represents a species different from L. mactans tredecimguttatus .     

DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF JUVENILE AND ADULT SHOOTS OF MARCGRAVIA RECTIFOLIA L

Marcgravia rectifolia L. is a dimorphic vine having distinct juvenile and adult shoots. The juvenile shoot is a climber characterized by an orthotropic growth habit, a flattened stem, adventitious roots, and ovate leaves. The adult shoot, on the other hand, possesses a plagiotropic growth habit, has a cylindrical stem, few or no adventitious roots, and lanceolate leaves. Both phases have distichous phyllotaxy, however the plastochron is shorter for the adult phase than for the juvenile. Internode elongation occurs earlier for adult shoots than for juvenile shoots. Cytological analyses show the flattened stem of the juvenile results from differential production of cells, especially in the pith region. On the other hand, internodes of the adult phase are longer than juvenile internodes, a result of more cells produced rather than longer cells. In juvenile stems a perivascular band of elongated fibers develops, while in adult stems this band consists of brachyosclereids. Both phases undergo secondary growth and have non-storied cambia. Cambial activity begins in the 6th internode of each phase. As secondary growth proceeds, the adult stem produces much more xylem than juvenile stems of the same age. Adventitious roots produced in the juvenile stem are located in vertical rows at the “corners” of flattened stems and are attachment structures aiding the climbing habit of this vine. Phase changes occur regularly in this species. The juvenile phase usually transforms into the adult, however the adult phase can spontaneously revert back into the juvenile phase. The anatomical features and the phase changes are discussed and compared to Hedera helix, a vine whose phase changes have been studied in some detail. It is suggested that the anatomical features of Marcgravia rectifolia L. including its phase changes, may provide an alternative system to study physiological changes similar to those done with Hedera helix.     

天门冬属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

本文对天门冬属(Asaragus L.)植物化学成分及生物活住的研究进展作一概述.     

苍耳X anthium strumarium L.染色体数目和核型的观察

苍耳Xanthium strumarium L. (X. sibiricum Patr. ex Widder, X. iaponicum Widder) 为菊科苍耳属的一年生草本,广布于欧亚大陆和北美洲;我国各地也均有分布。苍耳为常用中药,其果实入药,能发汗通窍、祛风湿,解表镇痛,用于治风湿性关节痛及鼻炎等症。     

悬钩子属植物化学成分及生物活性研究新进展

悬钩子属植物是传统药用植物,本文综述了该属植物的化学成分及生物活性方面的研究进展,主要对其中的二萜及三萜类成分作了总结,引用文献30篇。     

扁蓿豆体细胞胚的诱导和植株再生

扁蓿豆实生苗的根、下胚轴、子叶、叶片和叶柄外植体,在含２,４—Ｄ２—０．２５ｍｇＬ－１与ＫＴ０．２５－２ｍｇＬ－１及２,４—Ｄ０．５ｍｇＬ－１与ＺＴ０．５ｍｇＬ－１或ＢＡＰ０．５ｍｇＬ－１与ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇＬ－１的ＭＳ琼脂培养基上均可产生愈伤组织．愈伤组织在含２,４—Ｄ０．５—０．１ｍｇＬ－１与ＫＴ０．５—０．１ｍｇＬ－１或ＢＡＰ０．２５＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇＬ－１的ＭＳ培养基上可诱导分化出体细胞胚．体细胞胚在无激素的培养基上发育成完整植株．用海藻酸钠包襄体细胞胚制成人工种子,其发芽率和植株转换率分别为９５％和５３％．     

RP-HPLC法测定西洋参浸膏和西洋参茶中人参皂苷Rg1与Re的含量

报道了西洋参浸膏和西洋参茶中人参皂苷Ｒｇ１与Ｒｅ的反相高效液相色谱（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）测定法,用十八烷基硅烷刍合相柱,ＵＶ２０３ｎｍ检测,流动相为乙腈－０．０５％磷酸溶液（１８：８２）。比较了样品的纯化方法。     

西南地区绣线菊属和花楸属新植物

本文发表了我国四川和云南地区蕴薇科绣线菊属和花楸属的2新种和1新变种,即稻城绣线菊Spiraea daochengensis Lu,兰坪花楸Sorbus lanpingensis Lu和毛萼铺地花楸Sorbus reducta Diels var.pubescens Lu。     

猪毛菜属(Salsola L.)的系统与地理分布

本文论述了猪毛菜属系统分类的简史。依据该属的系统分类新资料,对我国猪毛菜属的分组系统作了进一步整理,将国产猪毛菜属植物归为6组5亚组。文中还讨论了该属的起源发生、迁移、分化以及地理分布等问题。     

宁夏枸杞的大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育

在幼小花药横切面上,每个角隅处可见一层拱形孢原细胞,其经过平周分裂形成初生造孢细胞、次生造孢细胞,发育为小孢子母细胞。减数分裂过程中胞质分裂为同时型。四分体为四面体型。成熟花粉粒含二细胞,具三孔沟型萌发孔。花药绒毡层由二部分组成:药壁区的绒毡层由初生壁细胞所产生,药隔区的由药隔细胞直接转化成,为双重起源,呈二型性,属分泌型。雌蕊由二个心皮构成二室子房,中轴胎座。倒生胚珠具单珠被、薄珠心,珠被绒毡层。胚囊发育为蓼型。在胚囊细胞分化后,组成胚囊的四种细胞继续发育,表现出各自的形态学变化。