一类具连续时滞的捕食-被捕食生态系统

本文讨论了一类具有强连续时滞的捕食-被捕食模型,分析了各非负平衡点的稳定性,利用区域连续收缩方法,得出非负平衡点全局稳定的充分条件,给出正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件,并给出系统出现Hopf的分支值．     

具时滞的捕食与被捕食系统的动力分析

研究了具有时滞的捕食与被捕食系统,分析了系统的正不变集、边界平衡点性质、全局渐近稳定性和持久生存性.当时滞(?)很小时,系统在正平衡点是局部渐近稳定的,当(?)从0增到(?)_0时,系统在正平衡点附近产生Hopf分支.     

具有年龄结构的食蚜蝇-蚜虫捕食模型

现有的具有年龄结构的捕食-食饵模型总是假设只有成年捕食者捕食猎物,这与实际情况不符。建立了一个幼年捕食者捕食食饵的具有年龄结构的食蚜蝇-蚜虫模型,应用微分方程定性理论,讨论了系统平衡点及其稳定性:其中平衡点E1(0,0,0)为不稳定的;满足一定条件时,边界平衡点E2(K,0,0)及正平衡点E3(x*,y1*,y2*)为局部渐近稳定的;且应用一致持续生存理论得到了系统永久持续生存的条件,为有害生物综合治理提供了理论依据。     

一类基于比率且具双线性密度制约的捕食-食饵系统的全局稳定性分析

研究一类基于比率和具双线性密度制约的捕食-食饵系统．由Bendixson环域定理及比较定理给出了奇点（0,0）和（1,0）全局渐近稳定的条件．通过对等倾线的研究给出了正平衡点存在的条件,并构造了Dulac函数讨论其全局渐近稳定性．     

具有毒素的捕食-食饵系统的最优税收

本文研究了一类具有毒素的捕食-食饵系统的最优税收,通过计算雅克比矩阵的特征值以及构造适当的Lyapunov函数得出了保证系统平衡点的局部稳定性和正平衡点全局稳定性的充分性条件,并利用Pontryagin最大值原理得到了达到最优税收的最优平衡解.     

一类具有混合时滞的捕食被捕食模型的耗散控制（英文）

本文研究了一类具有离散时滞和分布时滞的捕食被捕食系统的耗散控制问题,讨论了捕食被捕食系统的正平衡点的局部稳定性和Hopf分支,并给出平衡点局部渐近稳定的充分条件.将捕食被捕食系统转化为Cohen-Grossberg神经网络模型,选取适当的Lyapunov函数,运用线性矩阵不等式的方法,设计状态反馈控制器,使得神经网络闭环模型耗散,从而使原捕食被捕食系统变成耗散系统.最后通过数值算例说明了方法的可行性.     

具有捕食正效应的捕食-食饵系统

在经典的捕食食饵系统中考虑到由于捕食效应对食饵种群带来的正向调节作用后,提出了具有捕食正效应的捕食-食饵系统.通过对模型的动力学行为的分析,从理论上说明了正向调节作用对系统的影响,并就第一象限内平衡点存在时的相图解释了捕食正效应的作用.结果表明:(1)捕食系统中适当的正向调节作用会增加系统的稳定性;(2)当捕食正效应达到一定的程度后系统拥有一个不稳定的极限环;(3)当捕食正效应过大时会使系统的稳定性发生变化,使捕食者种群与食饵种群同时趋向无穷,出现了调节放纵现象.这些结果在保护生物学中具有重要的意义.     

一类捕食者具有阶段结构的捕食系统的全局稳定性分析

本文建立了一类捕食者具有阶段结构的捕食系统,计算得到了不存在食饵种群时捕食者种群模型和食饵种群存在时捕食系统的平衡点,并证明了平衡点的存在性.分析和比较了两个模型平衡点的全局稳定性,最终确定了决定模型全局稳定性的捕食者种群基本再生数、食饵灭绝与否的捕食率阈值以及捕食存在时食饵种群的净增长率.     

一个带有离散和分布时滞的Holling-Ⅳ型捕食被捕食模型的稳定性和分支

本文研究了一个带有离散和分布时滞的Holling-IV型功能反应的捕食与被捕食模型,将离散时滞r看作分支参数,讨论了正平衡点的局部稳定性和Hopf分支,利用Routh-Hurwitz定理得到了平衡点局部渐近稳定的充分条件.通过分析相应的特征方程,发现随着r穿越某临界值,Hopf分支会发生,并且可能出现小范围周期解.     

具有反馈控制的Lotka-Volterra捕食-食饵系统研究

研究具有反馈控制的两种群Lotka-Volterra捕食系统平衡点的稳定性.通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数分别获得一组保证正平衡点和边界平衡点全局吸引的充分性条件.研究表明针对我们所采取的反馈控制策略,捕食者种群绝灭的风险加大,其可能的原因在于随着对食饵种群干扰力度的加大,捕食者种群将难以获得足够的食物,从而导致绝灭.     

Liapunov functions: Geometry and stability

Summary Several geometrical interpretations of Liapunov functions for non-linear ecological models are examined and their limitations pointed out. In particular the geometrical nonuniqueness of Liapunov functions is illustrated by displaying explicitly and comparing four different Liapunov functions for the symmetric competition model for two species. The main point is that considerable care must be taken in using the geometrical properties of an arbitrary Liapunov function as a guide to stability under perturbations.     

Stability of large systems

We use the May-Wigner Stability Theorem (Geman (1984) preprint, Brown University; Hastings (1984) preprint, Hofstra University), to study the Lyapunov and structural stability of "real" large systems. Here are our new main results. For large systems which satisfy certain natural scaling relations (Harrison, Am. Natur., 113 (1979) 659; May (1979) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford), Lyapunov stability tends to increase with increasing complexity. However, at least one aspect of structural stability decreases: both competitive and cooperative effects can rapidly destabilize such a system. Finally, we observe that random matrices which satisfy the hypotheses and stability criterion of the May-Wigner theorem are asymptotically of the form 'rotation followed by multiplication by lambda,lambda less than 1'. This allows an easy analysis of the effects of noise in these systems. We conclude by briefly discussing applications to analysis of stability of systems such as the world economy, power networks, and the immune system.     

The decomposition of thionitrites

The mechanism of thionitrite decomposition, both in vivo and in vitro, remains unclear. Thionitrite stability is highly variable; it is a complex function of thionitrite structure and environmental condition. Several recent advances clarify the role of unimolecular homlytic decomposition, metal-catalyzed reductive decomposition and higher-order enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes to the overall observed stability of thionitrites.     

随机进化稳定性研究进展

在过去的三十多年, 演化博弈理论及其进化稳定对策的概念不仅被广泛地应用于解释动物行为的进化, 而且也被成功地应用于分子生物学、经济学、政治学和社会学等诸多学科。然而, 在随机波动环境中演化博弈动态的随机动力学性质始终没有被清晰地认识, 并且这是一个极具挑战性的理论问题。本文简单介绍了我们最近所提出的随机进化稳定性(stochastic evolutionary stability, SES)的概念。随机进化稳定性不仅是经典进化稳定对策(evolutionarily stably strategy, ESS)概念在随机环境下的自然扩展, 而且为揭示在随机环境中动物行为的演化动态提供一个基本的理论框架。     

Synthesis and Hybridization Properties of Oligonucleotides Containing (2 S ,3 R )-9-(2,3,4-Trihydroxybutyl)Adenine

The synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides (ONs) containing 9-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)adenine, A ^C2 and A ^C3, are described. The ON containing A ^C2 involves the 3′ → 4′ and 3′ → 5′ phosphodiester linkages in the strand, whereas that containing A ^C3 possesses the 3′ → 4′ and 2′ → 5′ phosphodiester linkages. It was found that incorporation of the analogs, A ^C2 or A ^C3, into ONs significantly reduces the thermal and thermodynamic stabilities of the ON/DNA duplexes, but does not largely decrease the thermal and thermodynamic stabilities of the ON/RNA duplexes as compared with the case of the ON/DNA duplexes. It was revealed that the base recognition ability of A ^C2 is greater than that of A ^C3 in the ON/RNA duplexes.     

Temporal stability and maintenance mechanisms of alpine meadow communities under clipping and fertilization

Negative effects of long‐term overgrazing have been seriously, grasslands temporal stability is an important ecological concern we need to research. Here, we performed a 12‐year‐long (2007–2018) two‐factor controlled experiment on Kobresia humilis meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The manipulations included three clipping levels (no clipping, NC; moderate clipping, MC; heavy clipping, HC) and two fertilization levels (no fertilization, NF; fertilization, F). Our results revealed that the two clipping manipulations significantly increased the temporal stability of alpine meadow communities, whose significant increase was more pronounced under the MC than HC treatment. Species asynchrony had a significant positive correlation with species abundance along with compound community gradient. Moreover, asynchrony effects, portfolio effects, and facilitation interactions were all present in the communities under the six types of experimental treatment combinations. Additionally, a selection effect was detected in the compound communities, demonstrating characteristics that are common to different mechanisms. There were no significant differences in the effects of these mechanisms on community temporal stability between the NC–NF and MC–NF interactive communities. The portfolio effects predominated when clipping intensity was moderate under both fertilization and nonfertilization conditions. By contrast, in the compound communities, the selection effect predominated. In summary, we conclude that in meadow communities that undergo clipping and fertilization disturbances, facilitation interactions and weak interactions make a greater contribution toward maintaining their temporal stability.     

On the changing concept of evolutionary population stability as a reflection of a changing point of view in the quantitative theory of evolution

 Eighteen different terms, currently employed to define various concepts of evolutionary stability in population dynamics are mentioned in this paper. Most of these terms are used in different connotations and even different meanings by different authors. On the other hand, different terms are often employed by different authors to define quite the same concept. Twenty-five years ago there was only one, well-defined, concept of stability, universally recognized in the field. In this paper I will try to relate the recent confusion, concerning concepts of population stability, with a more serious, though not that well-recognized, confusion in the modern analytic approach to population dynamics and quantitative evolution. Concepts of population stability will be examined in relation to each other on the one hand and, on the other hand, in relation to two dichotomies regarding the dynamic processes to which they correspond: Short-term versus long-term processes and processes concerning phenotypic changes versus process concerning genotypic changes. A hopefully more consistent use of the current terminology is suggested. Received 15 August 1993; received in revised form 15 September 1994     

Influence of evolution on the stability of ecological communities

In randomly assembled communities, diversity is known to have a destabilizing effect. Evolution may affect this result, but our theoretical knowledge of its role is mostly limited to models of small food webs. In the present article, I introduce evolution in a two-species Lotka-Volterra model in which I vary the interaction type and the cost constraining evolution. Regardless of the cost type, evolution tends to stabilize the dynamics more often in trophic interactions than for mutualism or competition. I then use simulations to study the effect of evolution in larger communities that contain all interaction types. Results suggest that evolution usually stabilizes the dynamics. This stabilizing effect is stronger when evolution affects trophic interactions, but happens for all interaction types. Stabilization decreases with diversity and evolution becomes destabilizing in very diverse communities. This suggests that evolution may not counteract the destabilizing effect of diversity observed in random communities.     

Potential dopamine prodrug-loaded liposomes: preparation,characterization, and in vitro stability studies

Dopamine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) undergoes the permeability limitations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Condensation of dopamine with neutral amino acids could afford potential prodrugs able to interact with the BBB endogenous transporters and easily enter the brain. To improve the bioavailability of the dopamine prodrug, 2-amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-phenyl-propionamide (DOPH), it was encapsulated in unilamellar liposomes of dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and cholesterol. Vesicles were characterized by dynamic light scattering in order to evaluate their dimensions and vesicle stability, by zeta-potential measurements, by means of electronic microscopy after freeze-fracture and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of vesicle composition on DOPH chemical and enzymatic stability was also evaluated. The formulated liposome suspensions were found to be stable, monodisperse systems with a negative zeta potential. From the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that, in studied samples, DOPH inclusion in liposomes offers the possibility of preventing photodegradation and of enhancing in vitro plasma stability. These studies suggest the potential of these formulations as a method to prevent DOPH chemical degradation and enzymatic metabolism.     

The stability of intramolecular DNA G-quadruplexes compared with other macromolecules

DNA quadruplexes are often conceived as very stable structures. However, most of the free energy of stabilization derives from specific ion binding via inner sphere coordination of the GO6 of the guanine residues comprising the basic quartet. When compared with other nucleic acid structures such as DNA or RNA duplexes and hairpins, or proteins of the same number of atoms, metal-coordinated intramolecular quadruplexes are found to be of comparable or lower thermodynamic stability under similar solution conditions. Furthermore, intramolecular quadruplexes are actually less stable kinetically, than DNA duplexes or hairpins of the same size.