花粉形态计算机量化分析研究

以白莲花粉为实验材料 ,介绍了进行花粉形态计算机量化分析的步骤。花粉经醋酸法处理后 ,用电子显微镜对花粉进行观察照相 ,尔后用计算机技术对花粉电镜照片进行处理 ,最后用C语言编制了计算花粉形态面积的计算机程序。结果表明 :花粉计算机量化分析有助于快速定量测定有关花粉形态指标 ,是花粉数量分类的一种有效方法。     

基于MATLAB的花粉形态量化分析

利用数字照相技术和MATLAB软件测量了5种杨树、3种柏树各50粒花粉的面积、扁圆率、极轴长度、赤道轴长度,计算了面积标准差和极轴长度／赤道轴长度。对8种花粉的面积作了方差分析。结果显示,在99％置信水平上用面积能区分8种花粉。用5种杨树花粉的扁圆率平均值、极轴平均值、赤道轴平均值P／E值作聚类分析,聚类结果显示,5种杨树可分成3组,加拿大杨和小叶杨是一组,毛白杨和山杨是一组,青杨单独为一组。电镜观察纹饰特点与以上聚类结果一致。本研究为定量研究花粉形态提供了一种快速有效的方法及更多的有效数据,比目测精确度提高了10倍。     

基于MATLAB 的花粉形态量化分析

利用数字照相技术和MATLAB软件测量了5种杨树、3种柏树各50粒花粉的面积、扁圆率、极轴长度、赤道轴长度, 计算了面积标准差和极轴长度/赤道轴长度。对8种花粉的面积作了方差分析。结果显示, 在99%置信水平上用面积能区分8种花粉。用5种杨树花粉的扁圆率平均值、极轴平均值、赤道轴平均值和P/E值作聚类分析, 聚类结果显示, 5种杨树可分成3组, 加拿大杨和小叶杨是一组, 毛白杨和山杨是一组, 青杨单独为一组。电镜观察纹饰特点与以上聚类结果一致。本研究为定量研究花粉形态提供了一种快速有效的方法及更多的有效数据, 比目测精确度提高了10倍。     

花粉的形态

介绍了描述花粉的形态术语,包括花粉的极性与对称性;花粉的大小和形状;萌发孔的数目、形状、位置与结构,以及花粉的表面纹饰。这对于了解花粉形态,识别不同植物的花粉特点,进行花粉的科学研究具有一定的参考价值。     

云南松花粉形态研究

在云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Fr.)小孢子发生发育过程中,花粉母细胞、四分孢子及花粉粒均见有粘连现象。花粉气囊的形态、大小变化复杂多样。除一般具两个正常气囊的花粉粒外,还观察到气囊不发育、具一个气囊、二个异形气囊、三个气囊和四个气囊的花粉粒。成熟花粉壁从外至内可分为外壁外层、外壁内层、内壁外层和内壁内层,它们的构成成分及形态均有明显差别。贮存后花粉的内壁结构发生了明显变化。     

中国松科花粉形态研究

本文研究了我国松科(Pinaceae)9属61种的花粉形态, 其中有6种进行扫描电子显微镜观察和照相, 4种进行透射电子显微镜观察和照相, 每属都有代表种的绘图, 对该科花粉形态类型、科下的分类及演化问题进行讨论, 为本科的亚科、属、种的划分提供孢粉学方面的参考依据。     

八角属花粉形态研究

本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对八角属(Illicium L.)14种1变种的花粉形态作了研究。通过花粉形态的研究,验证了在分类上本属所分各组的合理性,讨论了该属花粉形态的演化趋势。     

安徽黄精属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对安徽省所产七种黄精属植物进行了花粉结构观察。结果表明,黄精属植物花粉形态较为一致,均属两侧对称;形状上多为船形,大小为（２１．５－５７．９）×（１８．９－３１．０）μｍ,具远极单沟,沟长,花粉外壁两层红等中外层略厚,或内层略层;外壁具微穿孔纹饰,穿孔大小、形状均不规则。主张在进行黄精属种间区分时,应考虑花粉外壁的某些特点。     

高亏格膜泡形状的研究

目的:磷脂双性分子在水或者油溶液中会形成各种不同的膜泡形状,在实验上已经观察到大量的扑拓亏格为0的球形扑拓膜泡和扑拓亏格等于1的环形膜泡,本文是在理论上研究在自发曲率模型下,亏格g等于4的高亏格膜泡形成的稳定形状.方法:本文是通过在Surface Evolver软件中建立亏格g等于4(膜泡的拓扑结构用拓扑的亏格g表示)的具D5h对称性的初始形状,对这个初始形状进行细分并演化一定的步数后,我们得到一个剖分面较为光滑的模型.我们去调整它的自发曲率和约化体积寻找能量最低的稳定状态.结果:这种D5h对称性的膜泡很难保持它的对称形状,而会演化到几支非对称的稳定形状.结论:我们得到了亏格为4的近D5h对称性及盘形稳定形状.这种亏格为4的稳定形状提供了新的膜泡相变分支,我们期待实验上能对这些稳定形状进行验证,从而为曲率模型的正确性提供有力支持.     

Radial Frequency Analysis of Contour Shapes in the Visual Cortex

Cumulative psychophysical evidence suggests that the shape of closed contours is analysed by means of their radial frequency components (RFC). However, neurophysiological evidence for RFC-based representations is still missing. We investigated the representation of radial frequency in the human visual cortex with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We parametrically varied the radial frequency, amplitude and local curvature of contour shapes. The stimuli evoked clear responses across visual areas in the univariate analysis, but the response magnitude did not depend on radial frequency or local curvature. Searchlight-based, multivariate representational similarity analysis revealed RFC specific response patterns in areas V2d, V3d, V3AB, and IPS0. Interestingly, RFC-specific representations were not found in hV4 or LO, traditionally associated with visual shape analysis. The modulation amplitude of the shapes did not affect the responses in any visual area. Local curvature, SF-spectrum and contrast energy related representations were found across visual areas but without similar specificity for visual area that was found for RFC. The results suggest that the radial frequency of a closed contour is one of the cortical shape analysis dimensions, represented in the early and mid-level visual areas.     

Empirical Study on Shapes of the Foot Pad and Walking Gaits for Water-Running Robots

Recently, various kinds ofbiomimetic robots have been studied. Among these biomimetic robots, water-running robots that mimic the characteristics of basilisk lizards have received much attention. However, studies on the performance with respect to different geometric parameters and gaits have been lacking. To run on the surface of water, a water-running robot needs suffi- cient force with high stability to stay above the water. We experimentally measured the performance of the foot pads with different geometric parameters and with various gaits. We measured and analyzed the forces in the vertical direction and rolling angles of five different foot pad shapes： a circular shape, square shape, half-spherical shape, open half-cylinder shape, and closed half-cylinder shape. Additionally, the rolling stabilities of three kinds of gaits： biped, trotting, and tripod, were also empirically analyzed. The results of this research can be used as a guideline to design a stable water-running robot.     

鼠李糖脂快速定量分析方法及其影响因素研究

为探寻简单、快速的由铜绿假单胞菌生产鼠李糖脂的定量分析方法,对比分析了葸酮—硫酸法、L-半胱氨酸-硫酸法、苯酚硫酸法及其影响因素。结果显示,蒽酮硫酸法优于其它两种方法,并得出了其最佳测试条件。发酵液中剩余的葡萄糖、上清液对鼠李糖脂定量分析的影响可以忽略,菌体和中层杂质对鼠李糖脂的定量分析有一定程度的影响。因而,分析时要去除菌体。而中层杂质对定量分析的影响可以通过制备含中层杂质的鼠李糖溶液标准曲线而消除。     

On the Possible Shapes of the Brain

The human brain is unique among primates in its complexity and variability. Here I argue that this variability is, however, strongly constrained by developmental processes common to all mammals. Comparative analyses of grey and white matter volume, cortical surface area and cortical folding show that the rostro?Ccaudal axis of the central nervous system is a main direction along which mammalian neuroanatomical diversity is organised. Phylogenetically, rostral structures are often disproportionately larger and more differentiated in large mammals compared with small ones. Ontogenetically, caudal structures differentiate earlier but show less variation among species than rostral structures, which differentiate later and for a longer period. Theoretical considerations suggest that growth oriented along the rostro?Ccaudal axis should produce non-linear differences in white matter volume and cortical folding. Growth appears then as a fundamental parameter to understand mammalian neuroanatomical variability, whose effects should be common to all species. This seems to be indeed the case for humans: the volume of different brain structures as well as changes in the extension and folding of the cerebral cortex resemble the trends observed across mammals. A strong global pattern of coordinated variability emerges, where differences in total brain volume are non-linearly related to local neuroanatomical changes. Finally, I review evidence suggesting that the changes related to this global pattern of variability may have an influence on the organisation of behaviour, modulating the development of certain cognitive traits or even affecting the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.     

一般药理学实验信号的计算机测量与分析

本文介绍在药物研究中,应用计算机技术测量,处理一般药学实验信号的新方法。通过分离实验动物的股动脉,接入压力探头,引出动脉血压波形;经位移传感器,摄取呼吸波形;计算机同步采集动脉压,呼吸波,心电图信号;再收计算机对上述信号进行计算分析,得到一般药理学实验的一系列参数。为深入进行有关药效学研究提供了新手段。     

About the Ranking of Isolated Habitats with Different Shapes: An Interior-to-Edge Ratio Study

Isolated habitats can be compared and ranked by comparing their interior-to-edge ratio (I/E). We would like to show here that results based on ranking by I/E ratio sometimes contradict Diamond's rule, which ranks the most rounded habitat (i.e. most compact) as the best one. The reason for this contradiction is the frequently overlooked size dependence of the I/E. Being the interior-to-edge ratio size dependent, from a given set of habitats of different sizes, compact shaped (rounded) habitats might have worse I/E ratios than elongated or irregular ones.     

彗星系统定量检测柠檬醛损伤黄曲霉DNA的研究

理化因素致细胞DNA损伤,彗星测试提供了一个直观的方法。采用新型SCGE图象分析系统(IMI10),将细胞显微分光光度分析与显微成像及图象分析结合,直接检测柠檬醛致黄曲霉核DNA损伤,与国际流行的SCGE图象分析系统相比,具有分析速度快、便于分析,同时具有中英文可切换界面和多格式输出打印特点。该系统使彗星试验的检测时间缩短2/3,并提高了准确性,可实现对活细胞多种结构参数、细胞内分子与膜的变化状况同时进行长时间连续的动态瞬间监测,具有广阔应用前景。