河南玉兰属两新变种

发表河南玉兰属两新变种,即：①狭被望春玉兰(Yulania biondii (Pamp.) D. L. Fu var. angustitepala D. L. Fu, T. B. Zhao et D. W. Zhao,var. nov.);②椭圆叶罗田玉兰(Y. pilocarpa (Z. Z. Zhao et Z. W. Xie) D. L. Fu var. ellipticifolia D. L. Fu, T. B. Zhao et J. Zhao,var. nov.)。     

黑腹果蝇种组五种核型的报道

通过传统的敲片、Giemsa染色的方法, 本文首次对果蝇属黑腹果蝇种组的5种果蝇 （D. constricta、D. ohnishii、D. ogumai、D. pseudobaimaii、D. tani）染色体的数目和形态进行了分析报道。分析发现：这5个种具有相同的染色体数目（2n=8）和不同的形态。D. pseudobaimaii和D. tani 为2V,1R,1D型;D. constricta染色为2V,1R,1D型且其点状染色体难以辨认;D. ohnishii和D. ogumai 具有相同形态为2V,2R。另外,还发现核型与亲缘关系之间有一定的对应性。     

中国松毛虫属八个种和亚种亲缘关系的DNA指纹证据

利用DNA指纹谱方法探讨了中国松毛虫属8个种和亚种〔马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus punctatus (Walker),德昌松毛虫D. punctatus tehchangensis Tsai et Liu,文山松毛虫D. punctatus wenshanensis Tsai et Liu,思茅松毛虫D. kikuchii Matsumura,赤松毛虫D. spectabilis Butler,油松毛虫D. tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu,落叶松毛虫D. superans (Butler),云南松毛虫D. houi Lajonquiere之间的亲缘关系。13个随机引物在8种松毛虫中共检测到168个多态分子标记。分析表明,这8个种间的遗传距离的变化范围为0.3780～0.7360;马尾松毛虫与其亚种德昌松毛虫的遗传距离最近,为0.3780,与其另一亚种文山松毛虫以及油松毛虫的遗传距离次之,皆为0.5233;赤松毛虫、落叶松毛虫、云南松毛虫与马尾松毛虫的遗传距离则再次之,分别为0.6362,0.6770和0.6944;与马尾松毛虫遗传距离最远的是思茅松毛虫,为0.7360。8种松毛虫间具体的亲缘关系为: (D. superans (D. tabulaeformis (D. p. wenshanensis (D. p. tehchangensis, D. p. punctatus)(D. Kikuchii (D. spectabilis, D. houi))。     

基于ITS1 DNA序列分析的几种酵母菌的分子分类*

采用ITS1序列分析的手段,对来自Dekkera/Brettanomyces/Eeniella的15株菌株进行了分子分类学的研究。研究结果支持4个Dekkera/Brettanomyces种类的确认:D.anomala/B.anomalus,D.bruxellensis/B.bruxellensis,D.custersiana和D.naardenensis,以及把E.nana合并于Brettanomyces属的建议。此外,研究也揭示了I     

中国黑腹果蝇种组40种果蝇的核型多样性研究

通过传统的敲片、Giemsa染色的方法制片对中国黑腹果蝇种组(Drosophilamelanogasterspeciesgroup)8个种亚组40种果蝇的染色体进行了分析,共发现18种核型,即A、A′′、C、C′、C′′、C′′′、C′′′′、D、D′、D′′、E、E′、E′′、F、F′、G、H和I,其中A、A′′、C′′′、C′′′′、D′′和F′为新发现的核型。8个种亚组的基本核型分别是:嗜凤梨果蝇种亚组(D.ananassaesubgroup)的核型为F、F′、G和H型;牵牛花果蝇种亚组(D.eleganssubgroup)的核型为A和A′′型;细针果蝇种亚组(D.eugracilissubgroup)的核型为C型;嗜榕果蝇种亚组(D.ficusphilasubgroup)的核型为C′型;黑腹果蝇种亚组(D.melanogastersubgroup)的核型为C和C′型;山果蝇种亚组(D.montiumsubgroup)的核型为C、C′、C′′、D、D′、D′′、E、E′、E′′和I型;铃木氏果蝇种亚组(D.suzukiisubgroup)的核型为C′′′和C′′′′型;高桥氏果蝇种亚组(D.takahashiisubgroup)的核型为C、C′′′和C′′′′型。透明翅果蝇(D.lucipennis)雌性核型2n=8,雄性核型2n=7,雄性Ⅳ号染色体为染色体单体。此外还发现,吉川氏果蝇(D.kikkawai)、林氏果蝇(D.lini)、奥尼氏果蝇(D.ogumai)、拟嗜凤梨果蝇(D.pseudoananassae)和叔白颜果蝇(D.triauraria)5种果蝇有B染色体。本文确定了D.sp.likeelegans、D.sp.likenyinyii、D.sp.liketrapezifrons1、D.sp.liketakahashii、D.sp.liketrapezifrons2和D.sp.likeauraria等6个未描述种的核型和1个新记录种吉里果蝇(D.giriensis)的核型。本研究证明了在黑腹果蝇种组内、亚组内、种内和单雌系内的核型多样性,为果蝇遗传和进化提供了进一步的细胞学证据。     

鹅观草属的几个新组合

本文报道了禾本科鹅观草属的三个种级新组合和四个变种级新组合。即大丛鹅观草Roegneria magnicaespis (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;新疆鹅观草Roegneria sinkiangensis(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;阿尔泰鹅观草Roegneria altaica(D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;短芒鹅观草Roegneria glaberrima var.breviarista (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;林缘鹅观草Roegneria mutabilis var.nemoralis (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai;多花鹅观草Roegneria abolinii var.pluriflora (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai和曲芒鹅观草Roegneria tschimganica var.glabrispicula (D.F.Cui)L.B.Cai。     

槲栎叶复合群及其地史学和系统学意义

根据槲栎叶复合群研究的最新成果订正了国产槲叶栎属 (Dryophyllum)的化石。通过对该属 9种化石的整理 ,将 Dryophyllum dewalquei、D.parvum、D.relongtanense、D.yunnanensis和 D.sp.等 5种分别归入 Berryophyllum dewalquei、B.parvum、B.relongtanense、B.yunnanensis和 B.sp.;将 D.fushunense归入 Castaneophyllum fushunense;将 D.nervosaum归入 Quercusnervosum;将 D.relongtanense的一部分归入Q.lantenoisii;D.subfalcatum尚不能确定归属 ,但可以肯定不属槲栎叶复合群。同时 ,还讨论了槲栎叶复合群的地史学意义。该复合群是原始壳斗科向现代壳斗科过渡的中间类群 ,壳斗科各现代属出现的时间不早于古新世     

中国野青茅属(禾本科)一些种类的修订(Ⅱ)

在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上,对中国野青茅属Deyeuxia的一些种类进行了修订.归并了2个名称,即将Deyeuxia sikangensis Keng并入D. scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie作为异名; 将D. levipes Keng并入D. nivicola Hook. f. 作为异名.确认了D. dispar L. Liou和D. agrostioides L. Liou是两个未合格发表的名称,将前者归并于D. scabrescens,后者归并于D. diffusa Keng.     

The response of electron transport mediated by active NADPH dehydrogenase complexes to heat stress in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803

The electron-transport machinery in photosynthetic membranes is known to be very sensitive to heat. In this study, the rate of electron transport (ETR) driven by photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) during heat stress in the wild-type Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (WT) and its ndh gene inactiva-tion mutants ΔndhB (M55) and ΔndhD1/ndhD2 (D1/D2) was simultaneously assessed by using the novel Dual-PAM-100 measuring system. The rate of electron transport driven by the photosystems (ETR_PSs) in the WT, M55, and D1/D2 cells incubated at 30℃ and at 55℃ for 10 min was compared. Incubation at 55℃ for 10 min significantly inhibited PSII-driven ETR (ETR^_PSII) in the WT, M55 and D1/D2 cells, and the ex-tent of inhibition in both the M55 and D1/D2 cells was greater than that in the WT cells. Further, PSI-driven ETR (ETR_PSI) was stimulated in both the WT and D1/D2 cells, and this rate was increased to a greater extent in the D1/D2 than in the WT cells. However, ETR_PSI was considerably inhibited in the M55 cells. Analysis of the effect of heat stress on ETR_PSs with regard to the alterations in the 2 active NDH-1 complexes in the WT, M55, and D1/D2 cells indicated that the active NDH-1 supercomplex and medi-umcomplex are essential for alleviating the heat-induced inhibition of ETRPSII and for accelerating the heat-induced stimulation of ETR_PSI, respectively. Further, it is believed that these effects are most likely brought about by the electron transport mediated by each of these 2 active NDH-1 complexes.     

湖南地区1013例亲子鉴定中的STR突变位点研究

对亲子鉴定常用的ABI公司Indentifiler荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒中的15个短串联重复序列及D14S306、D16S3391、D5S2500、D12S391、D13S796、D1S518位点的突变现象进行研究.在1013例认定亲子关系案例中,对发现有一个基因位点发生突变的案例增加8个常染色体STR（short tandem repeat）基因座检测,使其父权相对机会（RCP）大于99.999%以上,并对突变位点进行测序.在1013例认定亲子关系案例中,发现11例有一个基因位点发生突变,8次突变事件为父源性突变,突变位点包括vWA、FGA、D14S306、D13S317、D21S11、CSFIPO、D16S3391;其余3例突变来源不明,包括FGA、D13S796、D3S1358.以vWA和FGA的突变率最高,为0.15%,平均突变率为（0.09±0.370×10^-3）%.本鉴定所常用的21个基因座,突变率低,具有较高的推广价值.     

中国野青茅属(禾本科)一些种类的修订(II)(英文)

在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上,对中国野青茅属Deyeuxia的一些种类进行了修订。归并了2个名称,即将Deyeuxia sikangensis Keng并入D. scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie作为异名; 将D.levipes Keng并入D. nivicola Hook. f. 作为异名。确认了D. dispar L. Liou和D. agrostioides L. Liou是两个未合格发表的名称,将前者归并于D. scabrescens,后者归并于D. diffusa Keng。     

An assessment of interspecific competition between two introduced parasitoids of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on caged citrus plants

Two parasitoids attacking nymphs of Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Liviidae),Tamarixia radiata (Waterston)(Hymenoptera:Eulophi- dae)and Diaphoreneyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee,Alam &Agarwal)(Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae)are being released in California,USA in a classical biological control program. To evaluate the effect of multiple parasitoid species on D.citri mortality,we conducted mesocosm experiments under controlled conditions using a complete block design with 6 treatments (D.cirri nymphs exposed to:no parasitoids;D.aligarhensis or T.radiata alone;D.aligarhensis or T.radiata released first (by 48 h);and both species released simultaneously).Parasitism of D.citri nymphs by T.radiata exceeded 60%and was unchanged when D.aligarhensis were present.Parasitism by D.aligarhensis was greatest when T. radiata was absent (-28%)and was reduced in all treatments with T.radiata present (<3%).D.cirri mortality and parasitoid-related mortality olD.citri was consistent across parasitoid treatments.Laboratory results suggest that competition between D.aligarhensis and T.radiata is asymmetric and favors T.radiata.It may be difficult for D.aligarhensis to contribute significantly to D.cirri biological control where T.radiata is present.However, results reported here suggest that competition between T.radiata and D.aligarhensis is not likely to reduce parasitism by T.radiata or reduce parasitoid-induced mortality of D.citri.     

模拟UV-B辐射增强条件下灯盏花居群的生理差异及其遗传背景

在温室条件下,研究了模拟UV-B辐射（280～320 nm）增强对6个灯盏花居群的类黄酮、丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响及其种内差异,并利用ISSR分子标记技术对灯盏花居群进行遗传背景分析.结果表明：在UV-B辐射增强条件下,灯盏花D01、D53、D63和D65居群在成苗期、盛花期和成熟期的类黄酮含量均显著增加,成苗期与盛花期MDA含量显著降低;而D47和D48居群3个生育期的MDA含量和盛花期类黄酮含量均显著增加,成熟期显著降低.D01居群3个生育期的POD、APX活性,成苗期、盛花期CAT活性与盛花期SOD活性均显著升高;D47居群3个生育期的SOD、CAT和APX活性,成熟期POD活性显著下降;D48居群3个生育期的POD、APX活性,成苗期、成熟期的SOD活性均显著下降;D53居群成苗期和盛花期SOD、APX活性,盛花期CAT活性显著增加;D63居群3个生育期的SOD、POD和APX活性均显著上升;D65居群除成熟期的CAT和APX活性没有显著变化外,3个生育期的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著上升.灯盏花居群对UV B辐射增强的响应有明显的种内差异,D01、D53、D63和D65为UV耐性居群,而D47和D48居群的UV敏感性较高.灯盏花居群不同生育期对UV-B辐射的响应为盛花期>成苗期>成熟期.居群间的遗传多样性差异明显,在遗传距离为0.11的水平上,可将D01、D53、D63和D65居群归为一类,D47和D48居群为另一类,这与根据生理响应指数判断的UV耐性与敏感居群的结果基本一致.     

中国野青茅属(禾本科)一些种类的修订

在标本室研究和野外考察的基础上,对中国野青茅属的一些种类进行了修订。首次归并了5个类群,即将Deyeuxia pulchella var． laxa P．C．Kuo et S．L. Lu,D．gyirongensis P．C. Kuo et S．L．Lu,Calamagrostis megalantha Keng ex Keng f.并入 D. pulchella (Griseb.)Hook．f.作为异名;将D．venusta Keng,Calamagrostis longiflora Keng ex Keng f．并入D.flavens Keng作为异名;并确认D. compacta Munro ex Hook．f.与D.holciformis (Jaub．et Spach．)Bor是同一种。     

中国寡鬃实蝇属记述：双翅目：实蝇科

中国寡鬃实蝇属 Dacus Fabrcius目前已知6亚属31种。本文记述其中的5个新种:锈红寡鬃实蝇D.(Bactrocera)rubiginus sp.nov.,海南寡鬃实蝇D.(Didacus)hainanus sp.nov.滇寡鬃实蝇D.(Asiadacus)dianensis sp.nov.,盾条寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)adustus sp.nov.,狭腹寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)stenomus sp.nov.;记载5个中国新纪录:实胫寡鬃实蝇D.(Bactrocera)correctus(Bezzi),短条寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus)abbreviatus Hardy,印度寡鬃实蝇D.(Zeugodacus) scutellaris(Bezzi),番石榴寡鬃实蝇D.(Hemigymnodacus)diversus Coq.,黑背寡鬃实蝇D.(Paratridacus)expandens melanius Hardy & Adachi;并列出种检索表。     

密度对四季竹叶片C、N、P化学计量和养分重吸收特征的影响

以四季竹纯林为对象,研究了4种密度(D1:24600～29800株·hm-2;D2:37500～42600株·hm-2;D3:46500～52800株·hm-2;D4:76500～85500株·hm-2)下1～3年生立竹的成熟叶和凋萎叶的C、N、P化学计量特征及养分重吸收规律.结果表明:随竹林密度的增大,成熟叶C、N、P含量和凋萎叶C、P含量总体下降,凋萎叶N含量先升高后降低,D4密度时成熟叶C含量急剧下降;叶片C/N和C/P呈升高趋势,N/P先升高后降低.D3、D4密度的叶片N、P养分利用效率显著高于D1、D2密度;叶片N、P重吸收率分别呈先降后升和持续升高的趋势.D1～D3密度的成熟叶N/P为16.24～19.37,四季竹生长受P的限制,促进叶片建成,种群生长旺盛.D4密度的成熟叶N/P为13.42～15.74,N限制作用增强,叶片凋萎脱落,种群生长受到抑制.四季竹通过调节叶片的C、N、P含量及其化学计量比,提高了N、P利用效率及重吸收能力,以适应高密度下环境资源的激烈竞争.在本试验条件下,D3密度是四季竹适宜的经营密度.     

用毛细管电泳技术对北京汉族人群9个STR基因座遗传多态性的研究

为对北京汉族D3S1358、vWA、FGA、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317及D7S820等9个STR基因座的遗传多态性进行群体遗传学研究,利用荧光标记复合扩增及毛细管电泳自动荧光检测的方法,对236名无关个体获得9个STR基因座等位基因的分布频率,结果均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.计算了各基因座的杂合度（H）、个人识别能力（DP）、偶合率（PM）、非父排除率（EPP）和多态性信息总量（PIC）等群体遗传学数据.结果表明,这9个STR基因座多态性好,灵敏度高,可用于人类遗传分析及法医学中的亲子鉴定和个人识别.     

中国橙腹长吻松鼠种下分类的探讨

通过系统观察我国西南部的橙腹长吻松鼠,应分为4亚种。西藏东南部米什米山区、察隅和云南西北部高黎贡山一带的D.l.subflaviventris应为一有效亚种;西藏南部聂拉木等地的橙腹长吻松鼠D.l.nielamuensis为新亚种,它们有头骨小、体色浅等特点;西藏南部雅鲁藏布江大拐弯以西的墨脱亚种D.l.motuoensis也为有效亚种:南亚亚种D.l.garonum亦应有效。     

中国寡鬃实蝇属分类研究(双翅目: 实蝇科)

对中国寡鬃实蝇属 Dacus Fabricius 进行了分类研究和厘订, 确认我国现知共有下列13种 (包括1新种): 版纳棍腹实蝇 Dacus (Callantra) bannatus (Wang), 对刺棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) bispinosus (Wang), 东方棍腹实蝇D. (C.) esakii (Shiraki), 台湾棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) formosanus (Tseng & Chu), 海口棍腹实蝇, 新种 D. (C.) haikouensis sp. nov., 瓜棍腹实蝇D. (C.) longicornis Wiedemann, 端纹棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) nummularius (Bezzi), 尖槐藤棍腹实蝇D. (C.) polistiformis (Senior-White), 越南棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) satanas (Hering), 中华棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) sinensis (Wang), 圆斑棍腹实蝇 D. (C.) sphaeroidalis (Bezzi), 三点棍腹实蝇D. (C.) trimacula (Wang) 和海南寡鬃实蝇 D. (Dacus) hainanus Wang & Zhao. 除描述一新种并附特征图外, 还提供了该属的中国种类修订名录和分种检索表.     

中国吊石苣苔属校订

<正> 英国学者D. Don于1822年根据Lysionotus serratus D. Don建立了吊石苣苔属Lysionotus D. Don。到了1883年,另一英国学者C. B. Clarke 在A. de Candolle主编的《Monographiae Phanerogamarum》中发表了苦苣苔亚科 Cyrtandroideae专著《Cyrtandreae(Gesneriacearum tribus)》,在此书中将Lysionotus D. Don属放在芒毛苣苔群 Trichosporeae 中,并列举了3个种(L. serrafus D. Don, L. Confertus Clarke, L. pauciflorus Maxim.)。从那时一直到现在,据《Index Kewensis》及有关