首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Herein, a new P2‐type layered oxide is proposed as an outstanding intercalation cathode material for high energy density sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). On the basis of the stoichiometry of sodium and transition metals, the P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode is synthesized without impurities phase by partially substituting Ni and Fe into the Mn sites. The partial substitution results in a smoothing of the electrochemical charge/discharge profiles and thus greatly improves the battery performance. The P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode delivers an extremely high discharge capacity of 221.5 mAh g?1 with a high average potential of ≈2.9 V (vs Na/Na+) for SIBs. In addition, the fast Na‐ion transport in the P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 cathode structure enables good power capability with an extremely high current density of 2400 mA g?1 (full charge/discharge in 12 min) and long‐term cycling stability with ≈80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 600 mA g?1. A combination of electrochemical profiles, in operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis, and first‐principles calculations are used to understand the overall Na storage mechanism of P2‐type Na0.55[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2.  相似文献   

2.
Sodium‐ion batteries are promising for grid‐scale storage applications due to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium. However, few electrodes that can meet the requirements for practical applications are available today due to the limited routes to exploring new materials. Here, a new strategy is proposed through partially/fully substituting the redox couple of existing negative electrodes in their reduced forms to design the corresponding new positive electrode materials. The power of this strategy is demonstrated through the successful design of new tunnel‐type positive electrode materials of Na0.61[Mn0.61‐xFexTi0.39]O2, composed of non‐toxic and abundant elements: Na, Mn, Fe, Ti. In particular, the designed air‐stable Na0.61[Mn0.27Fe0.34Ti0.39]O2 shows a usable capacity of ≈90 mAh g?1, registering the highest value among the tunnel‐type oxides, and a high storage voltage of 3.56 V, corresponding to the Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couple realized for the first time in non‐layered oxides, which was confirmed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. This new strategy would open an exciting route to explore electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.  相似文献   

3.
Over the last decade, Na‐ion batteries have been extensively studied as low‐cost alternatives to Li‐ion batteries for large‐scale grid storage applications; however, the development of high‐energy positive electrodes remains a major challenge. Materials with a polyanionic framework, such as Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured cathodes with formula NaxM2(PO4)3, have attracted considerable attention because of their stable 3D crystal structure and high operating potential. Herein, a novel NASICON‐type compound, Na4MnCr(PO4)3, is reported as a promising cathode material for Na‐ion batteries that deliver a high specific capacity of 130 mAh g?1 during discharge utilizing high‐voltage Mn2+/3+ (3.5 V), Mn3+/4+ (4.0 V), and Cr3+/4+ (4.35 V) transition metal redox. In addition, Na4MnCr(PO4)3 exhibits a high rate capability (97 mAh g?1 at 5 C) and excellent all‐temperature performance. In situ X‐ray diffraction and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal reversible structural evolution for both charge and discharge.  相似文献   

4.
Herein, the synthesis of new quaternary layered Na‐based oxides of the type NaxMnyNizFe0.1Mg0.1O2 (0.67≤ x ≤ 1.0; 0.5≤ y ≤ 0.7; 0.1≤ z ≤ 0.3) is described. The synthesis can be tuned to obtain P2‐ and O3‐type as well as mixed P‐/O‐type phases as demonstrated by structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties characterization. Although all materials show good electrochemical performance, the simultaneous presence of the P‐ and O‐type phases is found to have a synergetic effect resulting in outstanding performance of the mixed phase material as a sodium‐ion cathode. The mixed P3/P2/O3‐type material, having an average elemental composition of Na0.76Mn0.5Ni0.3Fe0.1Mg0.1O2, overcomes the specific drawbacks associated with the P2‐ and O3‐type materials, allowing the outstanding electrochemical performance. In detail, the mixed phase material is able to deliver specific discharge capacities of up to 155 mAh g?1 (18 mA g?1) in the potential range of 2.0–4.3 V. In the narrower potential range of 2.5–4.3 V the material exhibits high average discharge potential (3.4 V versus Na/Na+), exceptional average coulombic efficiencies (>99.9%), and extraordinary capacity retention (90.2% after 601 cycles). The unexplored class of P‐/O‐type mixed phases introduces new perspectives for the development of layered positive electrode materials and powerful Na‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

5.
The synthesis of a new layered cathode material, Na0.5[Ni0.23Fe0.13Mn0.63]O2, and its characterization in terms of crystalline structure and electrochemical performance in a sodium cell is reported. X‐ray diffraction studies and high resolution scanning electron microscopy images reveal a well‐defined P2‐type layered structure, while the electrochemical tests demonstrate excellent characteristics in terms of high capacity and cycle life. This performance, the low cost, and the environmental compatibility of its component poses Na0.5[Ni0.23Fe0.13Mn0.63]O2 to be among the most promising materials for the next generation of sodium‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

6.
Developing multielectron reaction electrode materials is essential for achieving high specific capacity and high energy density in secondary batteries; however, it remains a great challenge. Herein, Na3MnTi(PO4)3/C hollow microspheres with an open and stable NASICON framework are synthesized by a spray‐drying‐assisted process. When applied as a cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries, the resultant Na3MnTi(PO4)3/C microspheres demonstrate fully reversible three‐electron redox reactions, corresponding to the Ti3+/4+ (≈2.1 V), Mn2+/3+ (≈3.5 V), and Mn3+/4+ (≈4.0 V vs Na+/Na) redox couples. In situ X‐ray diffraction results reveals that both solid‐solution and two‐phase electrochemical reactions are involved in the sodiation/desodiation processes. The high specific capacity (160 mAh g?1 at 0.2 C), outstanding cyclability (≈92% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 C), and the facile synthesis make the Na3MnTi(PO4)3/C a prospective cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

7.
Rationally designed P2‐K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is introduced as a novel cathode material for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). P2‐K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 cathode material designed through electrochemical ion‐exchange from P2‐Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 exhibits satisfactory electrode performances; 110 mAh g?1 (20 mA g?1) retaining 86% of capacity for 300 cycles and unexpectedly high reversible capacity of about 91 mAh g?1 (1400 mA g?1) with excellent capacity retention of 83% over 500 cycles. According to theoretical and experimental investigations, the overall potassium storage mechanism of P2‐K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is revealed to be a single‐phase reaction with small lattice change upon charge and discharge, presenting the Ni4+/2+ redox couple reaction. Such high power capability is possible through the facile K+ migration in the K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 structure with a low activation barrier energy of ≈210 meV. These findings indicate that P2‐K0.75[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 is a promising candidate cathode material for high‐rate and long‐life KIBs.  相似文献   

8.
Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) cathodes are attractive for Na‐ion battery applications as they exhibit both high structural stability and high sodium ion mobility. Herein, a comprehensive study is presented on the structural and electrochemical properties of the NASICON‐Na3+yV2?yMny(PO4)3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) series. A phase miscibility gap is observed at y = 0.5, defining two solid solution domains with low and high Mn contents. Although, members of each of these domains Na3.25V1.75Mn0.25(PO4)3 and Na3.75V1.25Mn0.75(PO4)3 reversibly exchange sodium ions with high structural integrity, the activity of the Mn3+/Mn2+ redox couple is found to be absent and present in the former and latter candidate, respectively. Galvanostatic cycling and rate studies reveal higher capacity and rate capability for the Na3.75V1.25Mn0.75(PO4)3 cathode (100 and 89 mA h g?1 at 1C and 5C rate, respectively) in the Na3+yV2?yMny(PO4)3 series. Such a remarkable performance is attributed to optimum bottleneck size (≈5 Å2) and modulated V‐ and Mn‐redox centers as deduced from Rietveld analysis and DFT calculations, respectively. This study shows how important it is to manipulate electronic and crystal structures to achieve high‐performance NASICON cathodes.  相似文献   

9.
Narrow electrochemical stability window (1.23 V) of aqueous electrolytes is always considered the key obstacle preventing aqueous sodium‐ion chemistry of practical energy density and cycle life. The sodium‐ion water‐in‐salt electrolyte (NaWiSE) eliminates this barrier by offering a 2.5 V window through suppressing hydrogen evolution on anode with the formation of a Na+‐conducting solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and reducing the overall electrochemical activity of water on cathode. A full aqueous Na‐ion battery constructed on Na0.66[Mn0.66Ti0.34]O2 as cathode and NaTi2(PO4)3 as anode exhibits superior performance at both low and high rates, as exemplified by extraordinarily high Coulombic efficiency (>99.2%) at a low rate (0.2 C) for >350 cycles, and excellent cycling stability with negligible capacity losses (0.006% per cycle) at a high rate (1 C) for >1200 cycles. Molecular modeling reveals some key differences between Li‐ion and Na‐ion WiSE, and identifies a more pronounced ion aggregation with frequent contacts between the sodium cation and fluorine of anion in the latter as one main factor responsible for the formation of a dense SEI at lower salt concentration than its Li cousin.  相似文献   

10.
Herein, P′2‐type Na0.67[Ni0.1Fe0.1Mn0.8]O2 is introduced as a promising new cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) that exhibits remarkable structural stability during repetitive Na+ de/intercalation. The O? Ni? O? Mn? O? Fe? O bond in the octahedra of transition‐metal layers is used to suppress the elongation of the Mn? O bond and to improve the electrochemical activity, leading to the highly reversible Na storage mechanism. A high discharge capacity of ≈220 mAh g?1 (≈605 Wh kg?1) is delivered at 0.05 C (13 mAg?1) with a high reversible capacity of ≈140 mAh g?1 at 3 C and excellent capacity retention of 80% over 200 cycles. This performance is associated with the reversible P′2–OP4 phase transition and small volume change upon charge and discharge (≈3%). The nature of the sodium storage mechanism in a full cell paired with a hard carbon anode reveals an unexpectedly high energy density of ≈542 Wh kg?1 at 0.2 C and good capacity retention of ≈81% for 500 cycles at 1 C (260 mAg?1).  相似文献   

11.
A new polyanion‐based compound, Na3.12M2.44(P2O7)2 (M = Fe, Fe0.5Mn0.5, Mn) is synthesized and examined as a cathode for Na ion batteries. Off‐stoichiometric synthesis induces the formation of a Na‐rich phase, Na3.32Fe2.34(P2O7)2 ‐ a member of the solid solution series Na4‐αFe2+α/2(P2O7)2 (2/3 ≤ α ≤ 7/8) ‐ which delivers a reversible capacity of about 85 mA h g?1 at ca. 3 V vs. Na/Na+ and exhibits very stable cycle performance. Above all, it shows fast kinetics for Na ions, delivering an almost constant 72% reversible capacity at rates between C/10 and 10C without the necessity for nanosizing or carbon coating. We attribute this to the spacious channel size along the a‐axis, along with a single phase transformation upon de/sodiation.  相似文献   

12.
A series of F‐substituted Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2?xFx (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) cathode materials have been synthesized and characterized by solid‐state 19F and 23Na NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction. The underlying charge compensation mechanism is systematically unraveled by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques, revealing partial reduction from Mn4+ to Mn3+ upon F‐substitution. It is revealed that not only Ni but also Mn participates in the redox reaction process, which is confirmed for the first time by EELS techniques, contributing to an increase in discharge specific capacity. The detailed structural transformations are also revealed by operando X‐ray diffraction experiments during the intercalation and deintercalation process of Na+, demonstrating that the biphasic reaction is obviously suppressed in the low voltage region via F‐substitution. Hence, the optimized sample with 0.05 mol f.u.?1 fluorine substitution delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 61 mAh g?1 at 10 C after 2000 cycles at 30 °C, an extraordinary cycling stability with a capacity retention of 75.6% after 2000 cycles at 10 C and 55 °C, an outstanding full battery performance with 89.5% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1 C. This research provides a crucial understanding of the influence of F‐substitution on the crystal structure of the P2‐type materials and opens a new avenue for sodium‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

13.
Cathode materials with high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost are of top priority for energy storage systems. The Li‐rich transition metal (TM) oxides achieve high specific capacities by redox reactions of both the TM and oxygen ions. However, the poor reversible redox reaction of the anions results in severe fading of the cycling performance. Herein, the vacancy‐containing Na4/7[Mn6/7(?Mn)1/7]O2 (?Mn for vacancies in the Mn? O slab) is presented as a novel cathode material for Na‐ion batteries. The presence of native vacancies endows this material with attractive properties including high structural flexibility and stability upon Na‐ion extraction and insertion and high reversibility of oxygen redox reaction. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption near edge structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies demonstrate that the charge compensation is dominated by the oxygen redox reaction and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox reaction separately. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction exhibits its zero‐strain feature during the cycling. Density functional theory calculations further deepen the understanding of the charge compensation by oxygen and manganese redox reactions and the immobility of the Mn ions in the material. These findings provide new ideas on searching for and designing materials with high capacity and high structural stability for novel energy storage systems.  相似文献   

14.
The cathode materials in the Na‐ion battery system are always the key issue obstructing wider application because of their relatively low specific capacity and low energy density. A graphene oxide (GO) wrapped composite, Na2Fe2(SO4)3@C@GO, is fabricated via a simple freeze‐drying method. The as‐prepared material can deliver a 3.8 V platform with discharge capacity of 107.9 mAh g?1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 120 mA g?1) as well as offering capacity retention above 90% at a discharge rate of 0.2 C after 300 cycles. The well‐constructed carbon network provides fast electron transfer rates, and thus, higher power density also can be achieved (75.1 mAh g?1 at 10 C). The interface contribution of GO and Na2Fe2(SO4)3 is recognized and studied via density function theory calculation. The Na storage mechanism is also investigated through in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, and pseudocapacitance contributions are also demonstrated. The diffusion coefficient of Na+ ions is around 10?12–10?10.8 cm2 s?1 during cycling. The higher working voltage of this composite is mainly ascribed to the larger electronegativity of the element S. The research indicates that this well‐constructed composite would be a competitive candidate as a cathode material for Na‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

15.
A new and promising P2‐type layered oxide, Na5/6[Li1/4Mn3/4]O2 is prepared using a solid‐state method. Detailed crystal structures of the sample are analyzed by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction combined with high‐resolution neutron diffraction. P2‐type Na5/6[Li1/4Mn3/4]O2 consists of two MeO2 layers with partial in‐plane √3a × √3a‐type Li/Mn ordering. Na/Li ion‐exchange in a molten salt results in a phase transition accompanied with glide of [Li1/4Mn3/4]O2 layers without the destruction of in‐plane cation ordering. P2‐type Na5/6[Li1/4Mn3/4]O2 translates into an O2‐type layered structure with staking faults as the result of ion‐exchange. Electrode performance of P2‐type Na5/6[Li1/4Mn3/4]O2 and O2‐type Lix[Li1/4Mn3/4]O2 is examined and compared in Na and Li cells, respectively. Both samples show large reversible capacity, ca. 200 mA h g?1, after charge to high voltage regardless of the difference in charge carriers. Structural analysis suggests that in‐plane structural rearrangements, presumably associated with partial oxygen loss, occur in both samples after charge to a high‐voltage region. Such structural activation process significantly influences electrode performance of the P2/O2‐type phases, similar to O3‐type Li2MnO3‐based materials. Crystal structures, phase‐transition mechanisms, and the possibility of the P2/O2‐type phases as high‐capacity and long‐cycle‐life electrode materials with the multi‐functionality for both rechargeable Li/Na batteries are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

16.
Recently, anionic‐redox‐based materials have shown promising electrochemical performance as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, one of the limiting factors in the development of oxygen‐redox‐based electrodes is their low operating voltage. In this study, the operating voltage of oxygen‐redox‐based electrodes is raised by incorporating nickel into P2‐type Na2/3[Zn0.3Mn0.7]O2 in such a way that the zinc is partially substituted by nickel. As designed, the resulting P2‐type Na2/3[(Ni0.5Zn0.5)0.3Mn0.7]O2 electrode exhibits an average operating voltage of 3.5 V and retains 95% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles in the voltage range of 2.3–4.6 V at 0.1C (26 mA g?1). Operando X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the reversible phase transition: P2 to OP4 phase on charge and recovery to the P2 phase on discharge. Moreover, ex situ X‐ray absorption near edge structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the capacity is generated by the combination of Ni2+/Ni4+ and O2?/O1? redox pairs, which is supported by first‐principles calculations. It is thought that this kind of high voltage redox species combined with oxygen redox could be an interesting approach to further increase energy density of cathode materials for not only sodium‐based rechargeable batteries, but other alkali‐ion battery systems.  相似文献   

17.
Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are especially investigated as superior cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to high theoretical capacity (≈170 mA h g?1) with 2‐Na storage and low cost. However, PBAs suffer poor cyclability due to irreversible phase transition in deep charge/discharge states. PBAs also suffer low crystallinity, with considerable [Fe(CN)6] vacancies, and coordinated water in crystal frameworks. Presently, a new chelating agent/surfactant coassisted crystallization method is developed to prepare high‐quality (HQ) ternary‐metal NixCo1?x[Fe(CN)6] PBAs. By introducing inactive metal Ni to suppress capacity fading caused by excessive lattice distortion, these PBAs have tunable limits on depth of charge/discharge. HQ‐NixCo1?x[Fe(CN)6] (x = 0.3) demonstrates the best reversible Na‐storage behavior with a specific capacity of ≈145 mA h g?1 and a remarkably improved cycle performance, with ≈90% capacity retention over 600 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, a dual‐insertion full cell on the cathode and NaTi2(PO4)3 anode delivers reversible capacity of ≈110 mA h g?1 at a current rate of 1.0 C without capacity fading over 300 cycles, showing promise as a high‐performance SIB for large‐scale energy‐storage systems. The ultrastable cyclability achieved in the lab and explained herein is far beyond that of any previously reported PBA‐based full cells.  相似文献   

18.
19.
The recent discovery of Li‐excess cation‐disordered rock salt cathodes has greatly enlarged the design space of Li‐ion cathode materials. Evidence of facile lattice fluorine substitution for oxygen has further provided an important strategy to enhance the cycling performance of this class of materials. Here, a group of Mn3+–Nb5+‐based cation‐disordered oxyfluorides, Li1.2Mn3+0.6+0.5xNb5+0.2?0.5xO2?xFx (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) is investigated and it is found that fluorination improves capacity retention in a very significant way. Combining spectroscopic methods and ab initio calculations, it is demonstrated that the increased transition‐metal redox (Mn3+/Mn4+) capacity that can be accommodated upon fluorination reduces reliance on oxygen redox and leads to less oxygen loss, as evidenced by differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy measurements. Furthermore, it is found that fluorine substitution also decreases the Mn3+‐induced Jahn–Teller distortion, leading to an orbital rearrangement that further increases the contribution of Mn‐redox capacity to the overall capacity.  相似文献   

20.
A high‐rate of oxygen redox assisted by cobalt in layered sodium‐based compounds is achieved. The rationally designed Na0.6[Mg0.2Mn0.6Co0.2]O2 exhibits outstanding electrode performance, delivering a discharge capacity of 214 mAh g?1 (26 mA g?1) with capacity retention of 87% after 100 cycles. High rate performance is also achieved at 7C (1.82 A g?1) with a capacity of 107 mAh g?1. Surprisingly, the Na0.6[Mg0.2Mn0.6Co0.2]O2 compound is able to deliver capacity for 1000 cycles at 5C (at 1.3 A g?1), retaining 72% of its initial capacity of 108 mAh g?1. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis of the O K‐edge indicates the oxygen‐redox species (O2?/1?) is active during cycling. First‐principles calculations show that the addition of Co reduces the bandgap energy from ≈2.65 to ≈0.61 eV and that overlapping of the Co 3d and O 2p orbitals facilitates facile electron transfer, enabling the long‐term reversibility of the oxygen redox, even at high rates. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on high‐rate oxygen redox in sodium‐based cathode materials, and it is believed that the findings will open a new pathway for the use of oxygen‐redox‐based materials for sodium‐ion batteries.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号