共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 131 毫秒
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合成基因组学:设计与合成的艺术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着基因组相关技术(测序、编辑、合成等)和知识(功能基因组学)的日益成熟,合成基因组学在本世纪迎得了发展的契机。病毒、原核生物的全基因组相继被化学合成并支持生命的存活,第1个真核生物合成基因组计划已经完成过半,人类基因组编写计划提上日程。在基因组合成的实践过程中,研究者们不断探索对基因组进行重编和设计所应遵循的规则,提高从头合成、组装和替换基因组的技术手段。合成基因组在工业、环境、健康和基础研究领域有着广阔的应用前景,同时也带来了相应的伦理问题。结合在Sc2.0计划中的基因组合成研究和近期合成基因组学所取得的重大进展,本文综述了基因组设计和合成相关的科学、技术和伦理内容,并探讨了未来发展所面对的挑战。作为合成生物学最重要的领域之一,合成基因组学方兴未艾。 相似文献
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非常规酵母的分子遗传学及合成生物学研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
先进的合成生物学技术与传统的分子遗传学技术的结合更有助于实现酵母底盘细胞的快速改造和优化。酵母合成生物学研究最早开始于常规酵母——酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae),近些年来又迅速扩展至一些非常规酵母,包括巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)、解脂耶氏酵母(Yarrowialipolytica)、乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)和多形汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorpha)等。借助合成生物学技术与工具,目前科学家们已经成功开发出了能够高效生产生物材料、生物燃料、生物基化学品、蛋白质制剂、食品添加剂和药物等工业产品的重组非常规酵母工程菌株。本文系统总结了合成生物学工具(主要是基因组编辑工具)、合成生物学组件(主要是启动子和终止子)和相关分子遗传学方法在上述非常规酵母系统(底盘细胞)中的最新研究进展和应用情况,并讨论了其他合成生物学技术在这些非常规酵母表达系统中的潜在适用性和应用前景。这为研究人员利用合成生物学方法在这一新型非模式微生物底盘细胞中设计和构建各种高附加值工业产品的异源合成模块并最终实现目标化合物的高效生物合成提供了科学的理论指导。 相似文献
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《中国科学:生命科学》2015,(10)
酿酒酵母染色体的人工合成突破了真核生物基因组重新设计与合成,将引发基因组工程研究新的高潮.本文以酵母基因组工程为例,对"自上而下"和"自下而上"两种不同策略的基因组工程研究取得的最新进展进行综述,并展望其发展前景和趋势. 相似文献
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《现代生物医学进展》2014,(16):I0002-I0003
<正>由美、英、法等多国研究人员组成的科研小组27日宣布,他们成功合成了第一条能正常工作的酵母染色体。这一成果被誉为攀上了合成生物学的新高峰,也是向合成人造微生物等生命体迈出的一大步。研究人员在新一期《科学》杂志上报告说,他们利用计算机辅助设计技术,历时7年成功构造了源于酿酒酵母的被称作synIII的染色体,尽管合成的仅仅是酿酒酵母16条染色体中最小的一条,但这是通往构建一个完整的真核细胞生物基因组的关键一步。最让研究人员自豪的是这条染色体被成功整合进活体酵母细胞之中。研究负责人、美国纽约大学的杰夫·伯克说:"携带这条合成染色体的 相似文献
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外源基因元件和模块在底盘细胞中发挥特定功能是合成生物学研究的基本过程,而外源元件和模块在基因组中的位置对其功能的实现具有显著影响。为了系统、全面地表征酿酒酵母基因组位置效应对外源基因的表达影响,以绿色荧光蛋白为报告基因,通过双交换同源重组方法,对酿酒酵母单基因敲除库进行高通量转化,构建酿酒酵母基因组单位点荧光标记菌株库。结合流式细胞术和高通量测序技术对单位点荧光标记库菌株进行分析,构建高表达位点库和低表达位点库,共发现促进绿色荧光蛋白表达的位点428个,抑制绿色荧光蛋白表达的位点444个。通过分析高、低表达位点在酵母染色体上的分布,从全基因组尺度上对酿酒酵母基因组整合位置对基因表达的影响进行表征。本研究可为酿酒酵母基因组位置效应的分布规律和产生机理研究提供重要参考,对外源蛋白工业生产和合成生物学中的基因表达精细调控也具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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酿酒酵母是第一个完成全基因组测序的真核生物,具有广泛的科研应用价值。利用酿酒酵母的全基因组序列可以进行精确的基因定位及敲除,从而达到对其基因组进行精简的目的,为合成生物学最小基因组的研究工作打下基础。根据Latour system 设计敲除所需引物,构建敲除盒,筛选重组体和缺失体,成功敲除酿酒酵母a型单倍体染色体XIII中339301-352281 nt包含的8个基因,为酿酒酵母染色体精简奠定基础,同时证明了Latour system 可以应用于酿酒酵母大片段敲除。 相似文献
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《中国科学:生命科学》2019,(12)
合成生物学既是一门"汇聚"型新兴学科,又孕育着颠覆性的使能技术.它在系统生物学基础上,融会工程科学原理,采用自下而上的策略,重编改造天然的或设计合成新的生物体系,以揭示生命规律和构筑新一代生物工程体系,被喻为认识生命的钥匙(建物致知)、改变未来的颠覆性技术(建物致用).中国科学家曾经首次实现人工合成蛋白质(牛胰岛素)和核糖核酸(酵母丙氨酸tRNA),近年来又在染色体合成与染色体工程、基因组编辑、生物底盘构建、定量工程生物学、生物元件工程和基因回路工程、天然活性物质和有机化工产品的人工合成代谢、计算机生物模拟等方面取得系列原始发现和创新成果,成为国际合成生物学领域中的一支重要力量.时值新中国科技发展70年,撰写本文,从一个视角讨论合成生物学发展及中国科学界的贡献,纪念开拓者,励志来者,总结经验,梳理发展思路.期待中国合成生物学繁荣发展,更多地贡献于人类. 相似文献
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First introduced in 2011, the Synthetic Yeast Genome (Sc2.0) Project is a large international synthetic genomics project that will culminate in the first eukaryotic cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with a fully synthetic genome. With collaborators from across the globe and from a range of institutions spanning from do-it-yourself biology (DIYbio) to commercial enterprises, it is important that all scientists working on this project are cognizant of the ethical and policy issues associated with this field of research and operate under a common set of principles. In this commentary, we survey the current ethics and regulatory landscape of synthetic biology and present the Sc2.0 Statement of Ethics and Governance to which all members of the project adhere. This statement focuses on four aspects of the Sc2.0 Project: societal benefit, intellectual property, safety, and self-governance. We propose that such project-level agreements are an important, valuable, and flexible model of self-regulation for similar global, large-scale synthetic biology projects in order to maximize the benefits and minimize potential harms. 相似文献
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Leslie A. Mitchell Nick A. Phillips Andrea Lafont James A. Martin Rupal Cutting Jef D. Boeke 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2015,(99)
The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) aims to build 16 designer yeast chromosomes and combine them into a single yeast cell. To date one synthetic chromosome, synIII1, and one synthetic chromosome arm, synIXR2, have been constructed and their in vivo function validated in the absence of the corresponding wild type chromosomes. An important design feature of Sc2.0 chromosomes is the introduction of PCRTags, which are short, re-coded sequences within open reading frames (ORFs) that enable differentiation of synthetic chromosomes from their wild type counterparts. PCRTag primers anneal selectively to either synthetic or wild type chromosomes and the presence/absence of each type of DNA can be tested using a simple PCR assay. The standard readout of the PCRTag assay is to assess presence/absence of amplicons by agarose gel electrophoresis. However, with an average PCRTag amplicon density of one per 1.5 kb and a genome size of ~12 Mb, the completed Sc2.0 genome will encode roughly 8,000 PCRTags. To improve throughput, we have developed a real time PCR-based detection assay for PCRTag genotyping that we call qPCRTag analysis. The workflow specifies 500 nl reactions in a 1,536 multiwell plate, allowing us to test up to 768 PCRTags with both synthetic and wild type primer pairs in a single experiment. 相似文献
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We have recently reported the first partially synthetic eukaryotic genome. Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes synIXR and semi-synVIL are fully synthetic versions of the right arm of chromosome IX and the telomeric segment of the left arm of chromosome VI, respectively, and represent the beginning of the synthetic yeast genome project, Sc2.0, that progressively replaces native yeast DNA with synthetic sequences. We have designed synthetic chromosome sequences according to principles specifying a wild-type phenotype, highly stable genome, and maintenance of genetic flexibility. Although other synthetic genome projects exist, the Sc2.0 approach is unique in that we have implemented design specifications predicted to generate a wild-type phenotype until induction of "SCRaMbLE," an inducible evolution system that generates significant genetic diversity. Here we further explore the significance of Sc2.0 and show how SCRaMbLE can serve as a genome minimization tool. 相似文献
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Isak S. Pretorius 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2017,37(1):112-136
Over the past 15 years, the seismic shifts caused by the convergence of biomolecular, chemical, physical, mathematical, and computational sciences alongside cutting-edge developments in information technology and engineering have erupted into a new field of scientific endeavor dubbed Synthetic Biology. Recent rapid advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing and DNA synthesis techniques are enabling the design and construction of new biological parts (genes), devices (gene networks) and modules (biosynthetic pathways), and the redesign of biological systems (cells and organisms) for useful purposes. In 2014, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae became the first eukaryotic cell to be equipped with a fully functional synthetic chromosome. This was achieved following the synthesis of the first viral (poliovirus in 2002 and bacteriophage Phi-X174 in 2003) and bacterial (Mycoplasma genitalium in 2008 and Mycoplasma mycoides in 2010) genomes, and less than two decades after revealing the full genome sequence of a laboratory (S288c in 1996) and wine (AWRI1631 in 2008) yeast strain. A large international project – the Synthetic Yeast Genome (Sc2.0) Project – is now underway to synthesize all 16 chromosomes (~12?Mb carrying ~6000 genes) of the sequenced S288c laboratory strain by 2018. If successful, S. cerevisiae will become the first eukaryote to cross the horizon of in silico design of complex cells through de novo synthesis, reshuffling, and editing of genomes. In the meantime, yeasts are being used as cell factories for the semi-synthetic production of high-value compounds, such as the potent antimalarial artemisinin, and food ingredients, such as resveratrol, vanillin, stevia, nootkatone, and saffron. As a continuum of previously genetically engineered industrially important yeast strains, precision genome engineering is bound to also impact the study and development of wine yeast strains supercharged with synthetic DNA. The first taste of what the future holds is the de novo production of the raspberry ketone aroma compound, 4-[4-hydroxyphenyl]butan-2-one, in a wine yeast strain (AWRI1631), which was recently achieved via metabolic pathway engineering and synthetic enzyme fusion. A peek over the horizon is revealing that the future of “Wine Yeast 2.0” is already here. Therefore, this article seeks to help prepare the wine industry – an industry rich in history and tradition on the one hand, and innovation on the other – for the inevitable intersection of the ancient art practiced by winemakers and the inventive science of pioneering “synthetic genomicists”. It would be prudent to proactively engage all stakeholders – researchers, industry practitioners, policymakers, regulators, commentators, and consumers – in a meaningful dialog about the potential challenges and opportunities emanating from Synthetic Biology. To capitalize on the new vistas of synthetic yeast genomics, this paper presents wine yeast research in a fresh context, raises important questions and proposes new directions. 相似文献
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Zhouqing Luo Qing Yang Binan Geng Shuangying Jiang Shihui Yang Xiaozheng Li Yizhi Cai Junbiao Dai 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2018,61(12):1515-1527
Whole genome engineering is now feasible with the aid of genome editing and synthesis tools. Synthesizing a genome from scratch allows modifications of the genomic structure and function to an extent that was hitherto not possible, which will finally lead to new insights into the basic principles of life and enable valuable applications. With several recent genome synthesis projects as examples, the technical details to synthesize a genome and applications of synthetic genome are addressed in this perspective. A series of ongoing or future synthetic genomics projects, including the different genomes to be synthesized in GP-write, synthetic minimal genome, massively recoded genome, chimeric genome and synthetic genome with expanded genetic alphabet, are also discussed here with a special focus on theoretical and technical impediments in the design and synthesis process. Synthetic genomics will become a commonplace to engineer pathways and genomes according to arbitrary sets of design principles with the development of high-efficient, low-cost genome synthesis and assembly technologies. 相似文献
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Tatsuya Yoneji Hironobu Fujita Takahito Mukai Masayuki Suetsugu 《Nucleic acids research》2021,49(15):8407
In bacterial synthetic biology, whole genome transplantation has been achieved only in mycoplasmas that contain a small genome and are competent for foreign genome uptake. In this study, we developed Escherichia coli strains programmed by three 1-megabase (Mb) chromosomes by splitting the 3-Mb chromosome of a genome-reduced strain. The first split-chromosome retains the original replication origin (oriC) and partitioning (par) system. The second one has an oriC and the par locus from the F plasmid, while the third one has the ori and par locus of the Vibrio tubiashii secondary chromosome. The tripartite-genome cells maintained the rod-shaped form and grew only twice as slowly as their parent, allowing their further genetic engineering. A proportion of these 1-Mb chromosomes were purified as covalently closed supercoiled molecules with a conventional alkaline lysis method and anion exchange columns. Furthermore, the second and third chromosomes could be individually electroporated into competent cells. In contrast, the first split-chromosome was not able to coexist with another chromosome carrying the same origin region. However, it was exchangeable via conjugation between tripartite-genome strains by using different selection markers. We believe that this E. coli-based technology has the potential to greatly accelerate synthetic biology and synthetic genomics. 相似文献