共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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太赫兹(THz)光谱在生物大分子研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
太赫兹(THz)辐射是一种新型的远红外相干辐射源,近年来,在生物大分子研究中得到了广泛的应用,特别是在生物分子的结构和动力学特性等方面有着巨大的应用潜力.结合THz光谱的特点,介绍了利用THz光谱对蛋白质、糖类及DNA等生物大分子的探索研究,以及THz技术在测定水环境与生物分子相互作用等方面的应用.探讨了该技术在生物学领域应用中有待解决的问题及发展前景. 相似文献
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生物质谱技术及其应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
质谱是带电粒子按质荷比大小顺序排列的图谱,最初主要用来测定元素或同位素的原子量,随着科学的发展及高性能质谱仪器的出现,质谱被越来越多地应用生命科学研究的许多领域,以其质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱和电喷雾质谱为代表的现代生物质谱技术,为蛋白质等生物大分子的研究提供了必要的技术手段。本文在简介近年来比较常用的几种生物质谱技术的基础上,概述了生物质谱技术在蛋白质,核酸研究及检测分析等几个方面的初步应用。 相似文献
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《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》1999,15(3):494-494
随着人类基因组计划等大型国际项目的实施,分子生物信息的研究、开发和应用,已经成了当前一个前沿领域和研究热点。一门新兴的边缘学科——分子生物信息学应运而生。它以核酸、蛋白质等生物大分子数据库为主要对象,以数学、信息学、计算机科学为主要手段,以计算机硬件... 相似文献
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生物大分子指生物体内存在的DNA、蛋白质、多糖等物质,其对生物体正常生命活动至关重要.从头合成和设计技术在生物大分子的合成和结构设计上具有自由度高、前体简单等特点,能够按照特定研究目的对生物大分子进行全新设计和高效合成.近年来,从头合成与设计技术在人造基因组合成、新型蛋白质类药物设计、糖缀合物合成等领域已开始受到重视.基于生物大分子从头合成和设计技术,可以定向制备全新设计的DNA或全新的基因表达产物,以及具有识别功能的糖链或糖缀合物,将大大推进诸如细胞因子模拟物、基因治疗递送载体等生物活性物质的开发,为人工生物系统的构建、罕见疾病的治疗等提供新的解决方法.本文就DNA、蛋白质和多糖的从头合成和设计进行了综述,阐述了相关方法及应用,最后概括分析了三者之间的关系. 相似文献
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20世纪以来,生物科学的发展异军突起,成为发展最快的学科,不仅学科分类逐渐细化,而且研究领域也逐渐深入,然而,这种分化和深入也可能会掩盖生物的一些最普遍特征。地球上的生物是否具有统一的、更本质的特征?能否把不同生物学领域和不同层次的知识联系起来?随着对这些问题的不断探索,一门新兴的学科——生态化学计量学,在最近20年悄然兴起。生态化学计量学结合了生物学、化学和物理学等基本原理,是研究生物系统能量平衡和多重化学元素(主要是C、N、P)平衡的科学。这一研究领域使得生物学科不同层次(分子、细胞、有机体、种群、生态系统和全球尺度)的研究理论能够有机地统一起来。目前,生态化学计量学已经广泛应用于种群动态、生物体营养动态、微生物营养、寄主_病原关系、生物共生关系、消费者驱动的养分循环、限制性元素的判断、生态系统比较分析和森林演替与衰退及全球C、N、P生物地球化学循环等研究中,并取得了许多研究成果。该文概述了生态化学计量的概念、历史起源和基本理论,重点介绍了生态化学计量学理论在消费者驱动的养分循环、限制性养分元素判别以及全球C、N、P循环等方面的应用进展,并对生态化学计量学未来的研究方向进行了展望,期望引起国内同行的重视并有助于推动我国在此领域开展相关研究。 相似文献
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生物大分子(如蛋白质等)在生物体内行使功能必须要保证其立体结构的正确性。作为研究大分子高级结构的主要手段,结晶技术结合X-射线衍射技术、核磁共振技术以及电镜技术被普遍应用于高级结构的数据分析。随着这些技术的进一步完善,目前已经能完成蛋白质与配体的共结晶。遗传信息从最原始的DNA或RNA传递到以蛋白质的形式呈现功能的过程是由众多酶或蛋白质复合体催化的多步骤进程,解析其中重要元件的空间结构推动了对这些酶反应机理的深入研究。主要阐述结晶技术在遗传信息传递过程中关键酶或蛋白质复合体的研究中的应用。 相似文献
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中国生物微量元素研究的现状与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
微量元素包括铁、锌、铜、锰、硒、碘等,在机体生命活动中发挥着极其重要的生理学功能,参与蛋白质结构,并通过与蛋白质和其他有机基团结合参与酶、激素和维生素等生物大分子合成。微量元素代谢失衡会发生系列病理改变并最终导致疾病。生物微量元素研究是多学科交叉的科学研究领域,业已成为生命科学的国际研究热点。该领域发展对人类生存与健康具有重要意义。经过几代科学家的不懈努力,我国的生物微量元素研究已经从无到有,逐步取得令国际同行瞩目的科研成果,尤其近年来,我国该领域基础研究快速发展,更是相继产生了诸多高水平原创性科研成果。这种迅速发展与壮大,得益于大批海外归国优秀人才,更离不开国家和社会在科研经费和政策等方面的大力支持。简介了近年来我国生物微量元素研究领域的科学家及其主要科研成果,期望广大读者能全面了解国内生物微量元素研究现状以及可喜的发展趋势。衷心期待着中国的生物微量元素研究能有更大发展,能有更大成就。 相似文献
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Extenics is a newly developed interdisciplinary subject combining mathematics, philosophy and engineering. It providesuseful formalized qualitative tools and quantitative tools for solving contradictory problems. In this paper, extension theory isintroduced briefly and the primary applications of this theory and methods in bionic engineering research are discussed. Theextension model of biological coupling functional system is established. In order to identify the primary and secondary sequencingof coupling elements, the Extension Analytic Hierarchy Process (EAHP) was adopted to analyze the contribution ofeach coupling element to the coupling functional system. Thus, the influence weight factor of each coupling element can bedetermined, so as to provide a new approach for solving primary and secondary sequencing problem of coupling elements in aquantitative way, and facilitate the subsequent bionic coupling study. 相似文献
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Kato K Sasakawa H Kamiya Y Utsumi M Nakano M Takahashi N Yamaguchi Y 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2008,1780(3):619-625
Although NMR spectroscopy has great potential to provide us with detailed structural information on oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, the carbohydrate NMR analyses have been hampered by the severe spectral overlapping and the insufficiency of the conformational restraints. Recently, ultra-high field NMR spectrometers have become available for applications to structural analyses of biological macromolecules. Here we demonstrate that ultra-high fields offer not only increases in sensitivity and chemical shift dispersion but also potential benefits for providing unique information on chemical exchange and relaxation, by displaying NMR spectral data of oligosaccharide, glycoprotein, and glycolipid systems recorded at a 21.6 T magnetic field (corresponding to 920 MHz (1)H observation frequency). The ultra-high field NMR spectroscopy combined with sugar library and stable-isotope labeling approaches will open new horizons in structural glycobiology. 相似文献
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Dendritic polymer macromolecular carriers for drug delivery 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Dendrimers are synthetic, highly branched, mono-disperse macromolecules of nanometer dimensions. Started in the mid-1980s, the research investigations into the synthetic methodology, physical and chemical properties of these macromolecules are increasing exponentially with growing interest in this field. Potential applications for dendrimers are now forthcoming. Properties associated with these dendrimers such as uniform size, water solubility, modifiable surface functionality and available internal cavities make them attractive for biological and drug-delivery applications. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Spectral imaging extends the capabilities of biological and clinical studies to simultaneously study multiple features such as organelles and proteins qualitatively and quantitatively. Spectral imaging combines two well-known scientific methodologies, namely spectroscopy and imaging, to provide a new advantageous tool. The need to measure the spectrum at each point of the image requires combining dispersive optics with the more common imaging equipment, and introduces constrains as well. METHODS AND RESULTS: The principles of spectral imaging and a few representative applications are described. Spectral imaging analysis is necessary because the complex data structure cannot be analyzed visually. A few of the algorithms are discussed with emphasis on the usage for different experimental modes (fluorescence and bright field). Finally, spectral imaging, like any method, should be evaluated in light of its advantages to specific applications, a selection of which is described. CONCLUSIONS: Spectral imaging is a relatively new technique and its full potential is yet to be exploited. Nevertheless, several applications have already shown its potential. 相似文献
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Koichi Kato Hiroaki Sasakawa Yukiko Kamiya Maho Utsumi Michiko Nakano Noriko Takahashi Yoshiki Yamaguchi 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2008
Although NMR spectroscopy has great potential to provide us with detailed structural information on oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, the carbohydrate NMR analyses have been hampered by the severe spectral overlapping and the insufficiency of the conformational restraints. Recently, ultra-high field NMR spectrometers have become available for applications to structural analyses of biological macromolecules. Here we demonstrate that ultra-high fields offer not only increases in sensitivity and chemical shift dispersion but also potential benefits for providing unique information on chemical exchange and relaxation, by displaying NMR spectral data of oligosaccharide, glycoprotein, and glycolipid systems recorded at a 21.6 T magnetic field (corresponding to 920 MHz 1H observation frequency). The ultra-high field NMR spectroscopy combined with sugar library and stable-isotope labeling approaches will open new horizons in structural glycobiology. 相似文献
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BRAGI: linking and visualization of database information in a 3D viewer and modeling tool 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reichelt J Dieterich G Kvesic M Schomburg D Heinz DW 《Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)》2005,21(7):1291-1293
BRAGI is a well-established package for viewing and modeling of three-dimensional (3D) structures of biological macromolecules. A new version of BRAGI has been developed that is supported on Windows, Linux and SGI. The user interface has been rewritten to give the standard 'look and feel' of the chosen operating system and to provide a more intuitive, easier usage. A large number of new features have been added. Information from public databases such as SWISS-PROT, InterPro, DALI and OMIM can be displayed in the 3D viewer. Structures can be searched for homologous sequences using the NCBI BLAST server. 相似文献