水仙醇提物对斑马鱼胚胎黑色素合成的抑制作用

目的以斑马鱼为模型,重点研究水仙鳞茎的醇提物对斑马鱼黑色素合成的抑制效应。方法将斑马鱼胚胎暴露在0、50、100、200、500μg/m L不同浓度的水仙花醇提物中,观察其黑色素生成情况,并进一步测定体内黑色素合成通路关键蛋白酪氨酸酶的酶活性变化和其他标记基因的时空表达,同时以200μg/m L的熊果苷(arbutin,Ar)处理组为阳性对照。结果定性观察表明,随着水仙提取物处理浓度的增加,对斑马鱼黑色素合成的抑制明显增强;进一步检测黑色素合成相关基因的时空表达,证明了水仙醇提物通过抑制酪氨酸酶(TYR)、银色毛发(SILV)和Mitfa等基因的mRNA表达而抑制黑色素合成;最后,通过检测酪氨酸酶的酶活性,发现随着醇提物浓度的增加导致酶活性逐渐降低。结论水仙醇提物能有效地抑制斑马鱼胚胎黑色素的生成,同时该研究也为斑马鱼模型在天然美白化合物筛选和产品开发的应用提供了研究基础和思路。     

香水莲花提取物抑制酪氨酸酶活性的研究

本实验以L-酪氨酸为底物,从马铃薯中提取酪氨酸酶,以熊果苷为阳性对照,采用比色法测定了香水莲花醇提物、水提物及总黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制率,以探讨香水莲花醇提物、水提物及总黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶的活性的抑制作用。结果表明,三种提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制效果从高到低依次为总黄酮提取物、醇提物、水提物,说明其有效成分为醇溶性物质;总黄酮提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制效果明显高于醇提物和水提物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制效果,可以考虑将其作为一种新型的植物源美白剂,应用于化妆品行业。     

松茸多糖TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白活性及途径研究

本文初步研究了松茸多糖TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白作用机理。采用酪氨酸酶抑制实验、细胞水平黑色素测定实验来综合评价TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白功效;选定MITF、POMC和TYR三个靶基因作为研究对象,通过实时定量PCR实验,进一步阐明TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ的美白作用靶点。结果显示,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ对酪氨酸酶具有一定的抑制作用,125μg/m L时酪氨酸酶抑制率为56.5%;不同浓度(3、30、300μg/m L)的TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品能成剂量依赖的方式抑制B16细胞内黑色素水平,当浓度为300μg/m L时,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品能够减少黑色素的含量,且优于熊果苷;TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ对MITF、POMC、TYR的表达水平均起下调作用,从而影响了黑素的形成。结果表明,TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品具有一定的美白功效。TMSP-5亚组分Ⅱ样品对酪氨酸酶生成的重要基因和主要影响因子的基因水平的表达起到抑制作用,从而减少酪氨酸酶的量。     

冬虫夏草提取物的美白作用

以冬虫夏草提取物(Chinese cordyceps extract)为研究对象,通过蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验和小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)黑素合成抑制试验考察冬虫夏草提取物的美白活性。结果显示冬虫夏草提取物(质量浓度40～200 mg/m L)呈剂量依赖性抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶的活性,且在安全剂量(质量浓度0.1～0.5 mg/m L)下显著抑制小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)内的黑色素合成(P0.05)。说明冬虫夏草提取物能通过抑制酪氨酸酶活性有效阻滞黑色素的合成,从而实现美白作用。     

马齿苋醇提物体外生物学活性测定

目的:为进一步开发利用药食同源植物资源,本研究以马齿苋醇提物为研究对象,探索其醇提物的抑菌、美白、抗敏、降糖、降脂活性.方法:测定马齿苋醇提物对常见5种供试菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度,评价其抑菌活性;测定马齿苋醇取物对透明质酸酶、酪氨酸酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率的影响,评价其美白、抗敏、降糖功效;利用MTT法检测...     

两种天然产物对B16F10细胞增殖及黑色素合成抑制机理研究

旨在研究10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT)和白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)对体外培养的小鼠恶性黑色素瘤B16F10细胞的增殖及黑色素合成抑制机理。利用MTT法、显微观察、L-Dopa氧化法、Na OH裂解法分析不同浓度HCPT和Res对细胞增殖、细胞形态、酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成含量的影响。荧光半定量PCR方法(Semi-RT-PCR)分析该化合物对黑色素合成关键因子酪氨酸酶(TYR)和小眼相关转录因子(MITF)基因表达的影响。结果表明HCPT(40、80、120、160和200μmol/L)和Res(80、120、160和200μmol/L)能够通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制B16F10细胞的增殖,同时对酪氨酸酶活性和细胞黑色素生成具有明显抑制作用(P0.05),且呈现浓度依赖性。另外,不同浓度的HCPT以及高浓度Res(120和160μmol/L)能够显著下调B16F10细胞TYR和MITF基因的mRNA水平。HCPT和Res可能通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制B16F10细胞的增殖,同时通过下调MITF基因转录,抑制TYR m RNA的表达及TYR酶活性,进而抑制细胞黑色素的生成。     

他卡西醇对人黑素细胞生物学性状的影响

目的:观察他卡西醇对体外培养的正常人黑素细胞增殖、黑素合成及酪氨酸酶(TYR)mRNA表达、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-1(TRP-1)mRNA表达的影响,探讨他卡西醇治疗白癜风的机制.方法:体外黑素细胞培养,给予不同浓度他卡西醇(10-6、10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10mol/L)处理,用MTT法测定细胞增殖,碱裂解法测定黑素合成,多巴氧化法检测酪氨酸酶活性,半定量RT-PCR法检测TYR、TRP-1 mRNA的表达.结果:10-8 mol/L他卡西醇能刺激黑素细胞增殖,10-8、10-9 mol/L能促进黑素合成,10-9～10-6 mol/L的他卡西醇能显著增强正常人黑素细胞酪氨酸酶活性并上调TYR、TRP-1mRNA的表达.结论:他卡西醇可促进黑素细胞增殖,并提示该药物可能通过上调酪氨酸酶家族中关键基因TYR、TRP-1mRNA的表达来提高酪氨酸酶活性,最终增加黑素合成.     

白芷美白活性部位初步研究

白芷自古为美白常用药材,但近年因其香豆素类物质光敏毒性而被禁用于美白产品。本研究对比白芷不同提取部位美白活性及香豆素类物质含量,期望找到光敏物质含量低而美白效果较好的活性部位。采用酪氨酸酶抑制试验及人体美白试验测定白芷不同提取部位的美白活性;采用高效液相色谱法测定不同提取部位香豆素类物质含量。结果显示,白芷水提液比醇提液显示出较强的酪氨酸酶抑制作用,人体美白活性更高,而香豆素类物质含量较少。因此,白芷美白应选用其水溶性部位。     

新琼寡糖对小鼠B16细胞黑色素合成的影响

目的:通过测定新琼寡糖对小鼠B16细胞黑色素合成的影响,研究新琼寡糖是否具有美白性能。方法:以小鼠B16黑素细胞作为受试细胞。选择曲酸和熊果苷为阳性对照物,测定不同聚合度的A、B系列新琼寡糖对细胞增殖、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性以及细胞内黑色素合成的影响,对不同聚合度的A、B系列新琼寡糖美白性能进行了初步评价。结果:A、B系列新琼寡糖对B16黑素细胞具有低毒性,半数抑制浓度IC50约为3000μg/L。低聚合度的A系列新琼寡糖对细胞内酪氨酸酶的抑制作用较为平稳,抑制率大约为20%,低于曲酸但与熊果苷接近;高聚合度的B系列新琼寡糖对酪氨酸酶抑制作用不明显。在低浓度下B系列新琼寡糖对黑色素合成的抑制作用高于A系列新琼寡糖,与熊果苷接近。结论:提示了A、B系列新琼寡糖可直接作用于黑素细胞,具有抑制黑色素生成的功效,具有较好的应用和开发前景。     

太子参粗提物抗氧化性及护肤功效分析

比较三种不同萃取方式对太子参Pseudostellaria heterophylla粗提物抗氧化、美白、保湿等方面的影响。结果显示,在ABTS和DPPH自由基及细胞内活性氧(ROS)抑制率分析中,以水萃方式所得粗提物的抑制效果最佳,优于醇萃取及超临界流体萃取。在美白功效方面,B16细胞黑色素含量抑制率以醇萃物最佳,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率则以水萃物最佳。进一步萃取太子参粗多糖体分析其保湿及吸湿效果,结果显示太子参粗多糖体具有良好的保湿及吸湿功效,其效果与透明质酸相近,应用于皮肤水分散失率评估,也具有显著的预防功效。     

Inhibition of melanogenesis by dioctyl phthalate isolated from Nigella glandulifera Freyn

Although a number of melanogenesis inhibitors have recently been reported and used as cosmetic additives, none is completely satisfactory, leaving a need for novel skin-depigmenting agents. Thus, to develop a novel skin-depigmenting agent from natural sources, the inhibition of melanogenesis by Chinese plants was evaluated. A methanolic extract of Nigella glandulifera Freyn was found to inhibit the melanin synthesis of murine B16F10 melanoma cells by 43.7% and exhibited a low cytotoxicity (8.1 %) at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. Thus, to identify the melanogenesis-inhibiting mechanism, the inhibitory activity towards tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanogenesis, was further evaluated, and the results showed inhibitory effects on the activity of intracellular tyrosinase yet not on mushroom tyrosinase. Finally, to isolate the compounds with a hypopigmenting capability, activity-guided isolation was performed, and Dioctyl phthalate identified as inhibiting melanogenesis.     

薏苡仁多菌发酵液的菌种优选及其抑制黑色素生成的作用研究

以薏苡仁作为发酵基质,确定利于提高发酵液体外活性的较优乳酸菌种,并分析优势乳酸菌种薏苡仁发酵液对斑马鱼胚体黑色素生成的抑制作用。通过比较分析乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）、嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）和保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）3种单一乳酸菌和三者复合乳酸菌的薏苡仁发酵液的还原糖、总酚、游离氨基酸、蛋白、总酸和乳酸含量等理化指标及体外羟自由基清除能力和酪氨酸酶活抑制率确定较优发酵菌种,采用高通量测序测定发酵过程中微生物菌群结构;利用斑马鱼模型研究发酵液对黑色素生成的抑制作用。研究结果表明,采用乳酸乳球菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌3种乳酸菌复合发酵比单一乳酸菌发酵更具优势。使用以上菌种复合发酵薏苡仁过程中,乳酸乳球菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵前期优势菌群,发酵中后期则以保加利亚乳杆菌为优势菌群。经复合乳酸菌发酵后,薏苡仁发酵液的羟自由基清除率和酪氨酸酶活抑制率分别提高了20.82%和87.26%;斑马鱼模型实验结果表明,薏苡仁发酵液可以显著减少斑马鱼体表黑色素分布,当使用含量为2.0%时,对黑色素...     

Modulation of antioxidant defense by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alpinia galanga</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Curcuma aromatica</Emphasis> extracts correlates with their inhibition of UVA-induced melanogenesis

Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation is suggested to contribute to melanogenesis through promoting cellular oxidative stress and impairing antioxidant defenses. An overproduction of melanin can be associated with melanoma skin cancer and hyperpigmentation. Therefore, developing effective antimelanogenic agents is of importance. Alpinia galanga (AG) and Curcuma aromatica (CA) are traditional medicinal plants widely used for skin problems. Hence, this study investigated the antimelanogenic effects of AG and CA extracts (3.8–30 μg/ml) by assessing tyrosinase activity, tyrosinase mRNA levels, and melanin content in human melanoma cells (G361) exposed to UVA. The roles in protecting against melanogenesis were examined by evaluating their inhibitory effects on UVA-induced cellular oxidative stress and modulation of antioxidant defenses including antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and intracellular glutathione (GSH). In addition, possible active compounds accountable for biological activities of the extracts were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometric analysis. Our study demonstrated that UVA (8 J/cm²) induced both tyrosinase activity and mRNA levels and UVA (16 J/cm²)-mediated melanin production were suppressed by the AG or CA extracts at noncytotoxic concentrations. Both extracts were able to protect against UVA-induced cellular oxidant formation and depletion of CAT and GPx activities and GSH content in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, TLC-densitometric analysis detected the presence of eugenol and curcuminoids in AG and CA, respectively. This is the first report representing promising findings on AG and CA extract-derived antityrosinase properties correlated with their antioxidant potential. Inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and improving antioxidant defenses might be the mechanisms by which the extracts yield the protective effects on UVA-dependent melanogenesis.     

Melanogenesis inhibitory effects of methanolic extracts of Umbilicaria esculenta and Usnea longissima

The primary objective of this study was to assess the in vitro melanogenesis inhibitory effects of methanolic extracts of the edible and medicinal lichens, Umbilicaria (Gyrophora) esculenta and Usnea longissima. The quantities of the total phenolic compounds of methanolic extract of the two lichen extracts were determined to be 1.46% and 2.62%, respectively. In order to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the extracts, we also measured electron donating abilities (EDA) and lipid peroxidation rates. The EDA values measured by the reduction of 1.1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were 72.8% and 80.7% for the extracts, with SC50 (median scavenging concentration) values of 1.29+/-0.05 mg/ml and 1.03+/-0.06 mg/ml, respectively. The rates of inhibition of lipid peroxidation using linoleic acid were 92.1% and 97.3% for the extracts, with IC50 (median inhibitory concentration) values of 0.57+/-0.05 mg/ml and 0.53+/-0.06 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory rates of the extracts against tyrosinase were 67.4% and 84.8%, respectively. The extracts were shown to reduce melanin formation in human melanoma cells. Melanin contents in the samples treated with 0.01% and 0.1% U. esculenta were 47.1% and 31.2%, respectively, and those treated with 0.01% and 0.1% Usnea longissima were 51.1% and 34.9%, respectively, whereas a value of 54.0% was registered when ascorbic acid was utilized as a positive control. In addition to direct tyrosinase inhibition, it was determined that the lichen extracts affected the activity of tyrosinase via the inhibition of tyrosinase glycosylation. As a result, the methanolic extracts of U. esculenta and Usnea longissima evidenced melanogenesis inhibitory effects, which occurred via multiple routes.     

Calcium Plays a Complex Role in the Regulation of Melanogenesis in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells

To learn more of the role of calcium in the regulation of melanogenesis, we have used direct manipulation of medium calcium and pharmacological modulation of intracellular calcium to examine the consequences on unstimulated and cyclic AMP elevated tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis and distribution in B16 melanoma cells. In unstimulated cells, calcium is clearly inhibitory to tyrosinase activity. However, in cells stimulated with cAMP-elevating agents the requirement for extracellular calcium was changed such that cells required a minimum of 0.4–0.6 mmol medium calcium for maximum tyrosinase response to these agents. Paradoxically, pharmacologically increasing intracellular calcium in cAMP-stimulated cells with ionophore inhibited tyrosinase activity, and the calcium-lowering agent TMB8 and the calcium channel blocker verapamil both stimulated tyrosinase activity. When melanin synthesis was measured in cAMP-stimulated cells, TMB8 was found to significantly increase the sensitivity and the maximum melanogenic response to α-MSH, suggesting the presence of at least one level of endogenous calcium inhibitory control operative in these cells. In addition, TMB8 changed the distribution of melanin between the cell and the medium such that, in the presence of α-MSH and TMB8, significantly more melanin was secreted into the medium. These data suggest that calcium is required for several steps in melanogenesis, having an apparently inhibitory effect on pre-tyrosinase activity in unstimulated cells, but also showing evidence of a positive role in cyclic AMP-stimulated tyrosinase activity, as well as a further possible inhibitory role in melanin movement or secretion.     

Antioxidative properties and inhibitory effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis on melanogenesis

Melanin is a dark pigment produced by melanocytes. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of melanogenesis. However, accumulation of melanin leads to various skin hyperpigmentation disorders. To find a novel skin-whitening agent, the antioxidant capacity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis culture filtrate and inhibitory effect on melanogenesis were investigated. The antioxidant effects of B. adolescentis culture filtrate include 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity and reducing power were measured spectrophotometrically. The reducing power is a useful index for the evaluation of potential antioxidants which carry out reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of the bacterial culture filtrate on mushroom tyrosinase, B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content were also determined. The results revealed that B. adolescentis culture filtrate (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5?%; v/v) effectively scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals, and lower concentrations of the bacterial culture filtrates (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5?%; v/v) showed potent reducing power in a dose-dependent pattern. Additionally, the bacterial culture filtrate suppressed murine tyrosinase activity and decreased the amount of melanin in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated that B. adolescentis culture filtrate decreases the melanogenesis process of melanoma cells by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, which we suggest may be mediated through its antioxidant activity.     

In vitro and in vivo melanogenesis inhibition by biochanin A from Trifolium pratense

Our previous study showed that a methanol extract from Trifolium pratense exerted potent inhibitory activity on melanogenesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells. In the present study, the active compound in this Chinese herb extract was isolated and identified as biochanin A by mass spectrum, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR analysis. The inhibitory effects of biochanin A on melanogenesis were investigated in vitro in cultured melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. Biochanin A dose-dependently inhibited both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in B16 cells and in zebrafish embryos. Application of a cream containing 2% biochanin A twice daily to the skin of mice also increased the skin-whitening index value after 1 week of treatment, and the increase continued for another 2 weeks. Biochanin A was confirmed as a good candidate for use as a skin-whitening agent in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.