湘西蛇足石杉中石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量的测定

采用超声萃取法提取湘西蛇足石杉总生物碱,用高效液相色谱法同时测定其石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量,并分析其在植株不同部位的分布。结果表明:湘西4个样地蛇足石杉中石杉碱甲、乙和丙含量基本一致,分别达到0.5‰、0.3‰和0.04‰;但植株不同部位三种石杉碱含量差异显著,其中石杉碱甲和乙的分布均为叶>茎>根,石杉碱丙则是根大于叶和茎。由此可知,湘西蛇足石杉具有资源优势,石杉碱在植株的分布具有明显的部位选择性;采用HPLC可同时检测石杉碱甲、乙和丙,方法简单快速、准确可靠。     

蛇足石杉产石杉碱甲内生真菌的分离鉴定

从9月份采集的野生药用植物蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)的茎、叶中分离纯化得到15株内生真菌,将上述内生真菌进行液体培养后,通过薄层层析法(TLC)和高效液相法(HPLC)对其代谢产物进行检测,结果表明菌株WX13产石杉碱甲(Huperzine A,HupA)。运用形态和培养特性观察,初步确定菌株WX13属于镰刀菌属(Fu-sarium sp.)。     

一株产石杉碱甲的蛇足石杉内生真菌的分离和鉴定

从药用蕨类植物蛇足石杉叶中分离得到53株内生真菌,在马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基（PDB）中发酵后对内生真菌发酵提取物液进行TLC、HPLC 和ESI-MS检测,结果表明菌株LF40为产石杉碱甲内生菌株,含量达80.1μg/gdcw,并具有体外乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性;运用形态学及ITS-rDNA序列分析方法对菌株LF40进行鉴定,确定为黄曲霉Aspergillus flavus LF40。     

蛇足石杉产石杉碱甲内生真菌SNZ-12的分离及鉴定北大核心CSCD

为了获取具有应用价值的产石杉碱甲内生菌,本文从蛇足石杉分离得到60株内生真菌,采用高效液相色谱法和质谱法分别检测各个真菌的提取物,发现内生真菌SNZ-12的提取物具有与石杉碱甲标品相近的色谱特征峰和保留时间(8. 994 min)以及相同的质谱特征峰((M+H)+=243. 1),说明内生真菌SNZ-12可以产石杉碱甲,其石杉碱甲产量约为1. 01 mg/L;并通过结合内生真菌SNZ-12的形态特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。本文结果为利用微生物发酵生产石杉碱甲研究提供了潜在的菌种资源。     

液体培养的蛇足石杉离体叶状体生产石杉碱甲和生化特征研究

为了解浅层液体培养对蛇足石杉[Huperzia serrate (Thunb.) Trev.]叶状体的影响,采用不同用量培养液进行培养,对叶状体的生长、石杉碱甲(HupA)积累、抗氧化酶活性和内源激素的变化进行了研究。结果表明,培养液用量不同,叶状体产生的HupA含量有显著差异,15 mL浅层培养的HupA生产率可达3 115.159μg L–1,是对照的2.20倍。浅层液体培养的叶状体的超氧化物歧化酶活性始终高于对照,过氧化物酶活性在培养前期比对照提高,过氧化氢酶活性在培养后期比对照提高;内源激素IAA与GA含量低于对照,而ABA含量高于对照。因此,浅层液体培养的蛇足石杉离体叶状体生产HupA的能力更高,且HupA含量与内源激素ABA水平相关,叶状体生长期的3种抗氧化酶活性具有协作增强抗氧化作用。     

蛇足石杉原叶体的培养及孢子体的诱导

以蛇足石杉孢子囊为材料培养得到蛇足石杉原叶体,进一步对原叶体进行增殖培养并诱导产生蛇足石杉孢子体。结果表明,适合蛇足石杉原叶体增殖的培养基是无激素的MS培养基,在该培养基上培养60d,原叶体的增殖倍数达到131．1;较高浓度的外源激素对原叶体的增殖有抑制作用,而低浓度的外源激素对原叶体的增殖影响不大;原叶体在无激素培养基上培养90d,孢子体的诱导频率为4．0％;通过HPLC检测蛇足石杉原叶体中石杉碱甲的含量为0．0059％,是野生孢子体中含量的0．25倍。     

从千层塔中微波协助提取石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙

首先从 8种溶剂中筛选出硫酸作为微波协助提取的浸提溶剂 ,然后用正交试验确立了千层塔生物碱的最佳提取条件。以石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙回收率为指标 ,考察了溶剂倍数、溶剂浓度、微波处理时间等因素。结果表明 ,在室温下微波协助提取的最优条件为 :酸浓度 0.8% (v/v) ,液固比例 2 5∶1 ,微波处理时间 90s。 3次重复实验所得石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙回收率分别是 93.7%和 93.9% ,相对标准偏差分别为 1.79%和 1.5 6% (n =3)。与传统的回流提取工艺相比 ,过程时间从 2h缩短为 90s,回收率提高了 1 0 %以上。     

HPLC法检测蛇足石杉内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrate)内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲(Huperzina A)和石杉碱乙(Huperzine B)含量的方法,并以此方法检测胶胞炭疽发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量的积累。内生真菌发酵液经氯仿萃取、甲醇溶解、过滤后进行高效液相检测分析,选用Agilent Eclipse plus-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.015 mol/L乙酸铵(p H 6.8)和甲醇溶液(70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长为308 nm,连续检测内生真菌胶胞炭疽发酵液中第6–15天石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量积累。结果表明,发酵提取液中的石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙可在25 min内进行很好的分离和分析,石杉碱甲在1.50-48.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 5),石杉碱乙在0.25-7.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r为0.999 7),石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的平均加标回收率分别为106.83%、108.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.34%、3.60%。该方法简便、快速、精密度高、结果准确,适用于内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙含量检测。在发酵过程中,内生真菌发酵液中石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量呈现先增后减,随后有所增加继而又减少的趋势。石杉碱甲和石杉碱乙的含量分别在内生真菌发酵第14天、第8天达到最高,分别为12.417 0μg/mL、4.660 3μg/mL。该方法学的建立为内生真菌胶胞炭疽合成石杉碱甲与石杉碱乙的机制研究提供了检测手段,从而有利于药物新资源的开发。     

石杉碱甲提取工艺研究

以蛇足石杉为原料,采用生物碱分离的传统方法,通过盐酸浸提,氯仿萃取来制取、纯化石杉碱甲,选出最佳、最经济的生产工艺配方是:料液比为1:10,浸泡10 h,酸解3次,每次为45 min,酸解pH值为3.0,酸解温度为55℃,碱化pH为9.0;纯化过程中,用相当于石杉碱甲溶液体积15%的活性炭在pH为3.0条件下除杂,石杉碱甲的得率大于79.4%。     

蛇足石杉离体培养产生有效成分的研究

本研究报道了以庐山野生蛇足石杉成年株新生枝茎为外植体,运用植物离体培养技术获得了产生石杉碱甲的叶状体。实验结果表明:适宜叶状体发生的培养基为6,7-V+IAA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率达50%;叶状体增殖的最佳培养基是无激素的MS(其中蔗糖用量20 g/L),叶状体继代培养55 d,其相对增殖率达1362.6%(即收获量是接种量的14.6倍)。通过薄层层析(TLC)和高效液相(HPLC)法检测叶状体提取物中的目标成分,表明本研究建立的叶状体具有累积与原植物相同的有效成分石杉碱甲的能力。     

千层塔内生真菌SHB发酵产石杉碱甲条件的研究

为提高千层塔产黄青霉属内生真菌SHB液体发酵产石杉碱甲的产量,通过单因子和正交试验研究了真菌SHB液体发酵的条件。结果表明,千层塔内生真菌SHB液体发酵产石杉碱甲的适宜条件：温度为28℃,起始pH为6．4,接种量为12％,种龄为48h,转速为160r／min,发酵时间为8d。在此条件下,石杉碱甲的产量可达4．761μg／mL。     

Biotransformation of Huperzine B by a Fungal Endophyte of Huperzia serrata

The biotransformation of huperzine B (hupB), one of the characteristic bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Huperzia serrata, by a fungal endophyte of the host plant was studied. One new compound, 8α,15α‐epoxyhuperzine B ( 1 ), along with two known oxygenated hupB analogs, 16‐hydroxyhuperzine B ( 2 ) and carinatumin B ( 3 ), was isolated and identified. The structures of all the isolates were deduced by spectroscopic methods including NMR, MS, IR, and UV spectra. The known compounds 2 and 3 were obtained from a microbial source for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on the microbial transformation of hupB and would facilitate further structural modification of hupB by chemo‐enzymatic method. In the LPS‐induced neuro‐inflammation injury assay, 8α,15α‐epoxyhuperzine B ( 1 ) exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity by increasing the viability of U251 cell lines with an EC₅₀ of 40.1 nm .     

A novel endophytic Huperzine A–producing fungus,Shiraia sp. Slf14, isolated from Huperzia serrata

Aims: To characterize and identify a novel Huperzine A (HupA)‐producing fungal strain Slf14 isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev. in China. Methods and Results: The isolation, identification and characterization of a novel endophytic fungus producing HupA specifically and consistently from the leaves of H. serrata were investigated. The fungus was identified as Shiraia sp. Slf14 by molecular and morphological methods. The HupA produced by this endophytic fungus was shown to be identical to authentic HupA analysed by thin layer chromatographic, High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC‐MS, ¹H NMR and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity in vitro. The amount of HupA produced by Shiraia sp. Slf14 was quantified to be 327·8 μg l^?1 by HPLC, which was far higher than that of the reported endophytic fungi, Acremonium sp., Blastomyces sp. and Botrytis sp. Conclusions: The production of HupA by endophyte Shiraia sp. Slf14 is an enigmatic observation. It would be interesting to further study the HupA production and regulation by the cultured endophyte in H. serrata and in axenic cultures. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although the current accumulation of HupA by the endophyte is not very high, it could provide a promising alterative approach for large‐scale production of HupA. However, further strain improvement and the fermentation process optimization are required to result in the consistent and dependable production.     

蛇足石杉中两个新的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱

从我国民间中药蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata(Thunb.)Trey.)的全草的总碱部位分得3个石松生物碱,经光谱分析鉴定为11α-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙(1)、7-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙(2)和马尾杉碱乙(3).1和2为首次发现的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱.     

蛇足石杉中产石杉碱甲内生真菌的分离和鉴定

【目的】从野生蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)中分离筛选产石杉碱甲的内生真菌。【方法】采用薄层层析及高效液相色谱法对内生真菌代谢产物进行测定和分析以期分离获得产石杉碱甲菌株,运用形态及ITS序列分析方法对产石杉碱甲菌株进行鉴定,并利用连续传代方法考察菌株遗传稳定性。【结果】经筛选获得一株产石杉碱甲内生真菌NSH-5,经形态学鉴定及ITS序列分析鉴定为轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides),其石杉碱甲产量为11.76 mg/100 m L,菌株经20次连续传代后遗传稳定。【结论】NSH-5菌株为一株具有产石杉碱甲能力的轮枝镰孢菌,该菌株的发现为生物合成石杉碱甲提供了新的菌种资源。     

蛇足石杉中两个新的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱

从我国民间中药蛇足石杉（Huperzia serrata(Thunb.)Trev.)的全草的总碱部位分得3个石松生物碱。经光谱分析鉴定为11α-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙（1）,7-过氧羟基马尾杉碱乙（2）和马尾杉碱乙（3）,1和2为首次发现的过氧羟基取代的石松生物碱。     

Lycopodium Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata and Their Anti-acetylcholinesterase Activities

One new fawcettimine-type alkaloid ( 1 ), one new miscellaneous-type alkaloid ( 2 ), four new lycodine-type alkaloids ( 3 – 6 ), and eight known ones ( 7 – 14 ) were isolated from the whole plants of Huperzia serrata. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction, ECD calculation and Mosher's method. Compound 1 was a rare C₁₈N₂-type Lycopodium alkaloid, possessing serratinine skeleton with an amide side chain in C-5. The absolute configuration of the 18-OH of compounds 4 – 6 were first determined by Mosher's method. Moreover, compounds 1 – 14 were assayed anti-acetylcholinesterase effect in vitro, and compound 7 showed significant anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with an IC₅₀ value of 16.18±1.64 μM.