共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kishine M Nakamura S Matsukura U Ohtsubo K 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2008,72(10):2767-2769
Cultivar identification of seven Korean domestic rice using DNA markers related to blast resistance was conducted. By PCR analyses using six markers, which we developed in a previous study, and one newly-developed marker for pib, it became possible to differentiate the seven cultivars from each other. This result should contribute not only to cultivar identification but also, to molecular breeding of blast resistance for Korean rice. 相似文献
2.
Gene resources of Oryza rufipogon Griff. play a crucial role in rice breeding, and hence to study their conservation is of utter importance. The authors describe a method for preparation of DNA from mini- amotmt of the silica-gel-dried leaves of Oryza rufipogon. The high molecular weight DNAs of 1 168 individuals representing 44 populations have been obtained with high yields, which could be used for RAPD PCR and construction of total DNA bank of this species. The template DNA from silica-gel-dried leaves stored for one year at room temperature gave the same RAPD results as that from the newly prepared silica-gel-dried leaves. The optional template DNA concentrations for amplification ranged from 3.1 ng to 50 ng. In addition, the quality and quantity of the template DNAs that affect RAPD results are also discussed. 相似文献
3.
We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay that could effectively reduce the time period required to screen and select the cold tolerance gene of rice seedlings under field conditions. The two specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments for the assay were identified on the basis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis which were found to be tightly linked to cold sensitivity. The two RAPD fragments, OPT8(600) in the cold sensitivity rice cultivar 'Dular (indica)' and OPU20(1200) in the resistance rice cultivar 'Toyohatamochi (japonica)', were identified after screening 11 RAPD fragments using 2 random primers on the genomic DNAs of 'Dular' and 'Toyohatamochi'. These primers, when used in a multiplexed PCR, specifically amplified a 0.6 kb and a 1.2 kb fragment in the sensitive and resistant rice cultivars, respectively. When this assay was performed on the genomic DNAs of 16 japonica, 3 Tongil (indica/ japonica), and 2 indica rice cultivars, the primers amplified a 0.6 kb fragment in all of the cold sensitivity rice cultivars or 1.2 kb fragment in all of the resistance ones. These markers can be of potential use in the marker-assisted selection (MAS) for cold tolerance in rice seedling. As screening for resistance can now be conducted independent of the availability of low temperature, the breeding of cold tolerance cultivars can be hastened. 相似文献
4.
从普通野生稻硅胶干燥的小量叶片中制备DNA用于RAPD分析和总DNA库的建立(英文) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
普通野生稻( Oryzarufipogon Griff.)的基因资源对水稻的育种起着至关重要的作用。报道了从其硅胶干燥的小量叶片中制备DNA的方法。用此方法制备的DNA分子量大(40~45 kb) ,产率也较高(50 ~200 μg/g) ,且成功地进行了RAPD扩增。用制备的44 个居群,1168 个个体的总DNA 建立了中国普通野生稻的总DNA 库作长期冷冻保存,可用于基于PCR 的DNA水平上的各种目的的研究。根据实验结果,从在室温下贮存1 周、3 个月、6 个月、1 年的硅胶干燥的叶片中提取的DNA 用于RAPD扩增所得的扩增产物没有差异;模板DNA浓度在3 .1 ~50 ng 的范围内均得到很好的RAPD扩增结果。这说明了从硅胶干燥的叶片中提取的普通野生稻的DNA 用于RAPD扩增的产物很稳定,将其用于群体遗传分析具有很好的可比性和可靠性。同时也讨论了模板DNA的纯度和浓度对RAPD扩增的影响 相似文献
5.
Telomereistheessentialgeneticlocusattheendsofalleukaryoticchromosomes.TheywereproposedtocapchromosomespreventingtheendtoendfusionsbetweenbrokenendsandcontinualterminalDNAlossduringreplication.Theyalsohaveinfluencesonmembranechromosomeinteractionandthe… 相似文献
6.
Succession of methanogenic archaea in rice straw incorporated into a Japanese rice field: estimation by PCR-DGGE and sequence analyses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The succession and phylogenetic profiles of methanogenic archaeal communities associated with rice straw decomposition in rice-field soil were studied by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis followed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Nylon bags containing either leaf sheaths or blades were buried in the plowed layer of a Japanese rice field under drained conditions during the off-crop season and under flooded conditions after transplanting. In addition, rice straw samples that had been buried in the rice field under drained conditions during the off-crop season were temporarily removed during spring plowing and then re-buried in the same rice field under flooded conditions at transplanting. Populations of methanogenic archaea were examined by amplification of the 16S rRNA genes in the DNA extracted from the rice straw samples. No PCR product was produced for samples of leaf sheath or blade prior to burial or after burial under drained conditions, indicating that the methanogen population was very small during decomposition of rice straw under oxic conditions. Many common bands were observed in rice straw samples of leaf sheath and blade during decomposition of rice straw under flooded conditions. Cluster analysis based on DGGE patterns divided methanogenic archaeal communities into two groups before and after the mid-season drainage. Sequence analysis of DGGE bands that were commonly present were closely related to Methanomicrobiales and Rice cluster I. Methanomicrobiales, Rice cluster I and Methanosarcinales were major members before the mid-season drainage, whereas the DGGE bands that characterized methanogenic archaeal communities after the mid-season drainage were closely related to Methanomicrobiales. These results indicate that mid-season drainage affected the methanogenic archaeal communities irrespective of their location on rice straw (sheath and blade) and the previous history of decomposition during the off-crop season. 相似文献
7.
Hideyuki Kajiwara 《Analytical biochemistry》2011,411(1):152
To rapidly detect specific genes, crude extracts prepared from rice seed grains were used as templates for PCR, the PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes or urasil-DNA glycosylase, and then matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to detect amplified DNA. It was possible to amplify small DNA fragments (50–60 bp), but not large ones (>200 bp), using crude extracts as the PCR template. This method can be completed within 1 h, including extractions, and is well suited to automation for high-throughput analyses. 相似文献
8.
Nakamura S Suzuki D Kitadume R Ohtsubo K 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2012,76(4):794-804
The processing suitability as a material for rice crackers was characterized in the present study, based on physicochemical measurements and sensory testing of high-quality premium rice, low-amylose rice, Japonica-Indica hybrid rice, and red rice as the rice cultivar samples. Puffed rice crackers were prepared and the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the rice grains and the quality of the resulting products was investigated. It was possible to estimate the physical properties of a rice cracker by using multiple-regression analysis based on the chemical components, pasting properties and physical properties of the constituent rice. A formula for estimating the amylose content of the constituent rice was developed from the results of physicochemical measurements of the rice crackers. We assayed the quality of commercial rice crackers and examined the deterioration during the storage by measuring the physicochemical properties. The hardness and fat acidity of crackers increased markedly during storage for 20 d at 35 °C. The novel method of a one-bite test with a Tensipresser was useful to assay the quality of a rice cracker and made it possible to evaluate the quality deterioration of the rice cracker during storage. 相似文献
9.
10.
Cheorl-Ho Kim Guo-Wen Zhang Yoshiharu Maruyama Hajime Taniguchi 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(10):2767-2768
Cultivar identification of seven Korean domestic rice using DNA markers related to blast resistance was conducted. By PCR analyses using six markers, which we developed in a previous study, and one newly-developed marker for pib, it became possible to differentiate the seven cultivars from each other. This result should contribute not only to cultivar identification but also, to molecular breeding of blast resistance for Korean rice. 相似文献
11.
12.
Alterations in DNA methylation and genome structure in two rice mutant lines induced by high pressure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sile Shen Zhenwei Wang Xiaohui Shan Hua Wang Ling Li Xuyun Lin Likun Long Kenan Weng Bao Liu Guangtian Zou 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2006,49(2):97-104
Pressure is expected to be an important parameter to affect characteristics of matters and control rate and equilibrium of chemical reactions. As a fundamental thermodynamic variable, it also has effects on bio-macromolecules and a lot of physiological an… 相似文献
13.
The three most well-known genetically modified (GM) rice lines in China are TT51-1, KMD1, and KF6. The purposes of this study were to establish a multiplex event-specific qualitative polymerase chain reaction (meqPCR) system for simultaneous detection of the three transgenic rice events and to construct a plasmid as the reference molecule for quantitative analysis. Event-specific primers for each event were selected or designed by focusing on the transgene borders between the inserted DNA and the flanking rice DNA. The developed meqPCR was anticipated to detect distinct amplicons as 454, 398, 301, and 250 bp from KF6, KMD1, TT51-1, and the rice endogenous reference gene, respectively. The robustness of the meqPCR was tested with different levels of the three transgenic rice genomic DNAs, and the sensitivity threshold of the meqPCR was at least 50 ng of 0.1% rice DNA for each event when the three transgenic rice events present and with other GM materials together. The constructed plasmid was evaluated using mixed samples with known GM contents in real-time quantitative PCR. The results indicated that the constructed plasmid was acceptable and suitable for GM rice quantitative analysis. 相似文献
14.
Kim MC Ahn JH Shin HC Kim T Ryu TH Kim DH Song HG Lee GH Ka JO 《Journal of microbiology and biotechnology》2008,18(2):207-218
The impacts of planted transgenic rice varieties on bacterial communities in paddy soils were monitored using both cultivation and molecular methods. The rice field plot consisted of eighteen subplots planted with two genetically modified (GM) rice and four non-GM rice plants in three replicates. Analysis with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes revealed that the bacterial community structures were quite similar to each other in a given month, suggesting that there were no significant differences in bacterial communities between GM and non- GM rice soils. The bacterial community structures appeared to be generally stable with the seasons, as shown by a slight variation of microbial population levels and DGGE banding patterns over the year. Comparison analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries constructed from soil bacterial DNA showed that there were no significant differences between GM and non-GM soil libraries but revealed seasonal differences of phyla distribution between August and December. The composition profile of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) between GM and non-GM soils also was not significantly different to each other. When soil DNAs were analyzed with PCR by using primers for the bar gene, which was introduced into GM rice, positive DNA bands were found in October and December soils. However, no bar gene sequence was detected in PCR analysis with DNAs extracted from both cultured and uncultured soil bacterial fractions. The result of this study suggested that, in spite of seasonal variations of bacterial communities and persistence of the bar gene, the bacterial communities of the experimental rice field were not significantly affected by cultivation of GM rice varieties. 相似文献
15.
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of broken rice: an enzymatic extrusion liquefaction pretreatment for Chinese rice wine production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hongyan Li Aiquan Jiao Xueming Xu Chunsen Wu Benxi Wei Xiuting Hu Zhengyu Jin Yaoqi Tian 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2013,36(8):1141-1148
Broken rice, pretreated by enzymatic extrusion liquefaction, was used to produce Chinese rice wine by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process in this study. The study compared the novel process and traditional process for Chinese rice wine fermentation utilizing broken rice and head rice, respectively. With the optimum extrusion parameters (barrel temperature, 98 °C; moisture content, 42 % and amylase concentration, 1 ‰), 18 % (v/v at 20 °C) alcoholic degree, 37.66 % fermentation recovery and 93.63 % fermentation efficiency were achieved, indicating enzymatic extrusion-processed rice wine from broken rice exhibited much higher fermentation rate and efficiency than traditional-processed rice wine from head rice during SSF. The starch molecule distribution data indicated that the alcoholic degree was related to the oligosaccharides’ formation during enzymatic extrusion. Sum of amino acid (AA) in the extrusion-processed wine was 53.7 % higher than that in the traditional one. These results suggest that the enzymatic extrusion pretreatment for broken rice is a feasible and alternative process in the fermentation of Chinese rice wine. 相似文献
16.
Two DNA fragments, a 730-bp and a 900-bp fragment, one homologous to host cultivar specificity genes nolBT of Sinorhizobium fredii and the other one homologous to RSalpha, an insertion-like sequence present in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two pairs of primers. The amount of each fragment generated by the multiplex PCR was proportional to the amount of template DNA present. The amplification of the 900-bp RSalpha fragment was more sensitive, since it was amplified from a smaller amount of template DNA than the 730-bp nolBT fragment. By running the multiplex reaction in the presence of template DNA isolated from different sources, we confirmed that the reaction can discriminate between S. fredii, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis. 相似文献
17.
Arandjelovic M Guschanski K Schubert G Harris TR Thalmann O Siedel H Vigilant L 《Molecular ecology resources》2009,9(1):28-36
Many studies in molecular ecology rely upon the genotyping of large numbers of low‐quantity DNA extracts derived from noninvasive or museum specimens. To overcome low amplification success rates and avoid genotyping errors such as allelic dropout and false alleles, multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) replicates for each sample are typically used. Recently, two‐step multiplex procedures have been introduced which drastically increase the success rate and efficiency of genotyping. However, controversy still exists concerning the amount of replication needed for suitable control of error. Here we describe the use of a two‐step multiplex PCR procedure that allows rapid genotyping using at least 19 different microsatellite loci. We applied this approach to quantified amounts of noninvasive DNAs from western chimpanzee, western gorilla, mountain gorilla and black and white colobus faecal samples, as well as to DNA from ~100‐year‐old gorilla teeth from museums. Analysis of over 45 000 PCRs revealed average success rates of > 90% using faecal DNAs and 74% using museum specimen DNAs. Average allelic dropout rates were substantially reduced compared to those obtained using conventional singleplex PCR protocols, and reliable genotyping using low (< 25 pg) amounts of template DNA was possible. However, four to five replicates of apparently homozygous results are needed to avoid allelic dropout when using the lowest concentration DNAs (< 50 pg/reaction), suggesting that use of protocols allowing routine acceptance of homozygous genotypes after as few as three replicates may lead to unanticipated errors when applied to low‐concentration DNAs. 相似文献
18.
Koichi Hiratsuka Wataru Yoshida Mitsuo Hayakawa Hisashi Takiguchi Yoshimitsu Abiko 《FEMS microbiology letters》1996,138(2-3):167-172
Abstract A sensitivity assay for Porphyromonas gingivalis based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. A 426-bp sequence, including a Dra I- Hinc II DNA fragment (278 bp) encoding the 40-kDa outer membrane protein of the P. gingivalis gene was amplified. PCR products were obtained from chromosomal DNAs of the P. gingivalis strains tested but not from those of other oral microorganisms. The lower limit of template DNA detection was 10 pg with 30 cycles and 100 fg with 40 cycles of PCR by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were hybridized with Dra I- Hinc II DNA fragment internal to the PCR primers regions used. The lower limit of hybridization detection was 10 pg and 10 fg of template DNA with 30 and 40 cycles of PCR, respectively. These results demonstrated the simplicity, rapidity and specificity of the procedure, as well as the use of the Dra I- Hinc II DNA fragment in the identification of P. gingivalis . 相似文献
19.
Sachiko Shiokai Hiroyasu Kitashiba Kenta Shirasawa Kuniaki Nagano Takeshi Nishio 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(2):329-336
DNA preparation is indispensable for genotyping by DNA polymorphism analysis, and that for a large number of plants is laborious.
In the present study, a small leaf disk of rice, 1–2 mm in diameter, punched by a mini cork borer was found to be directly
usable as a PCR template. DNA fragments <300 bp were amplified efficiently. Leaf disks of 1–1.5 mm in diameter were better
than those of 2 mm for a small volume of reaction mixture. Multiplex PCR was possible with four or eight primer pairs using
the small leaf disk as a template. Leaf disks of Arabidopsis, Lotus, wheat, soybean, tomato, Chinese cabbage, and melon were also good PCR templates. This method for preparation of PCR templates,
named the leaf-punch method, was applicable to SNP analysis of a large number of plants by dot-blot-SNP analysis.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
20.
Plant breeding of rice emphasizes improvement in yield, disease resistance, and milling quality. Numerous other traits (e.g.,
bran carotenoids) that historically have not been selected for could provide added value in expanding niche markets, as well
as be useful tools for understanding the genetic control of these traits. Residual heterozygosity is present in many rice
cultivars; therefore, it is possible to select for different alleles within an existing cultivar. By identifying and using
cultivars with high levels of variability for a trait, we were able to develop separate lines from single cultivars that showed
high and low levels of that trait. The rice cultivar RU9101001 and the warm- and cold-sprouting lines that were derived from
it were used to demonstrate that residual heterozygosity was present within a cultivar and that the original heterozygosity
was separated in the derived lines. Rice simple sequence repeat markers were heterozygous in the parent RU9101001 cultivar,
but the cold-sprouting lines were homozygous for one set of alleles and the warm-sprouting lines were homozygous for the other
set. Through detailed phenotypic screening, we developed lines that exhibited low and high levels of the following traits
in the specified cultivars: cold-sprouting from RU9101001 and Bonnet 73, postharvest yellowing from Tominishiki, early tillering
from Hei Jaio and Tominishiki, and bran carotenoid levels from Spring. If variability exists in a cultivar, then utilization
of residual heterozygosity may provide a quicker and more efficient means to develop lines with special characteristics using
cultivars that are already agronomically valuable or to develop near isogenic lines for genetic and biochemical investigations. 相似文献