Seven New Eimeria spp. (Protozoa,Coccidia) from Freshwater Fishes of Canada*

Seven new species of Eimeria are described and figured from the freshwater fishes of Ontario and Quebec, Canada. They are Eimeria catostomi sp. n. and E. fernandoae sp. n. from Catostomus commersoni (Lacépède), E. etheostomae sp. n. from Etheostoma exile (Girard), E. hoffmani sp. n. from Umbra limi (Kirtland), E. micropteri sp. n. from Micropterus dolomieui Lacépède E. pungitii sp. n. from Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus), and E. salvelini sp. n. from Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Furthermore, 2 new host records and 2 new distribution records for North America are reported for E. anguillae Léger & Hollande, 1922 and E. truttae Léger & Hesse, 1919 respectively. Finally, morphologically similar oocysts found in various cyprinids are regarded as belonging to E. iroquoina Molnar & Fernando, 1974.     

A new genus and species of hatschekiid copepod (Siphonostomatoida) from groupers (Actinopterygii: Serranidae) collected off the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

A new genus and species of copepod, Mihbaicola sakamakii n. g., n. sp., belonging to the siphonostomatoid family Hatschekiidae, is described based on the females collected from inside the tissue of the branchiostegal membrane in three species of the groupers, Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål) (type-host), E. merra Bloch and Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacépède), collected off Okinawa-jima Island and Iriomote-jima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, North Pacific Ocean. The new genus can be distinguished from other hatschekiid genera by a combination of the following characters in the female: the head is composed of the cephalosome and the pedigerous somite; the cephalothorax is expanded into a pair of posteroventral lobes carrying leg 1; legs 1 and 2 are biramous and composed of the protopod and both rami are 2-segmented; leg 3 is absent; and leg 4 is represented by a rounded lobe with a chitinous pointed apical process.     

Intra-specific variation of Kudoa spp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from apogonid fishes (Perciformes), including the description of two new species, K. cheilodipteri n. sp. and K. cookii n. sp., from Australian waters

Kudoa spp. from the musculature and intestinal mucosa of species of the teleost family Apogonidae were examined for their taxonomic identity. Two novel species are characterised: Kudoa cheilodipteri n. sp. from the musculature of Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, Ostorhinchus cyanosoma (Bleeker) and O. aureus (Lacépède); and Kudoa cookii n. sp. from the submucosa of the intestines of O. cookii (Macleay) only. Both species are characterised using morphology, small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA), and biological characters. Three new host records, O. cyanosoma, O. aureus and Apogon doederleini, and associated geographical, morphological and genetic data are also provided for Kudoa whippsi Burger & Adlard, 2010. Morphological and molecular intra-specific variation of all isolates assigned to K. whippsi is also examined. Phylogenetic analyses further support the idea that tissue tropism is a distinguishing character between morphologically similar species; species reported here display close relatedness to morphologically similar species infecting the same tissue within their hosts.     

Caballerocotyla lenti n. sp., a capsalid monogenean from Auxis thazard (Scombridae) from off the southeastern coast of Brazil

Caballerocotyla lenti n. sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae), recovered from the gills of Auxis thazard (Lacépède) captured off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species is characterized by: a tegument with 2-5 rows of dorso-marginal, unicuspid spines; 53-54 round testes; a constricted pharynx with numerous papillae on its border; and a haptor with a plicate marginal border, a central polygonal area and seven complete septa. C. manteri (Price, 1951) and C. gouri Chauhan, 1953 sensu Murugesh (1995) are figured and commented upon.     

Seven new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratomyxa</Emphasis> Thélohan, 1892 (Myxozoa) from the gall-bladders of serranid fishes from the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Ceratomyxa spp. from the gall-bladder of five members of the family Serranidae were examined for their taxonomic identity. This paper describes seven new ceratomyxid species, i.e. C. brayi n. sp. and C. whippsi n. sp from Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch); C. cutmorei n. sp. from Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål); C. gleesoni n. sp. from Plectropomus leopardus (Lacépède); C. hooperi n. sp. and C. nolani n. sp. from E. quoyanus (Valenciennes); and C. yokoyamai n. sp. from E. maculatus (Bloch). Each species is characterised morphologically and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. All seven new species have so far been found in only a single host species.     

Trypanosoma catostomi n. sp. from the White Sucker Catostomus c. commersoni (Lacépède)*

SYNOPSIS. Trypanosoma catostomi n. sp. is described from the blood of the white sucker Catostomus c. commersoni (Lacépède) from southeastern Michigan. Two methods of fixation, wet and dry, are compared for their effect on body measurements. The type of fixation used affects the length of the free flagellum. Significance of this finding is discussed.     

Monogeneans of the grouper Epinephelus tauvina (Perciformes, Serranidae) off Moorea, French Polynesia, with a description of Pseudorhabdosynochus pai n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae)

Specimens of the greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina (Forssk?l), caught off Moorea, French Polynesia, harboured four species of gill monogeneans. The diplectanid Pseudorhabdosynochus pai n. sp. is characterised by an extremely big male quadriloculate organ (inner length 77 μm, cone length 15, tube length 47), the largest of all members of the genus, and a sclerotised vagina with a very complex structure, including three secondary chambers instead of one as in most species. Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. is a species of the ‘cupatus group’; this species is not formally described but various measurements are provided. The ancyrocephalid Haliotrema sp. and the capsalid Benedenia sp. were rare; they are both mentioned but not described. The diplectanid fauna of E. tauvina corresponds to the pattern already found in a clade of grouper species, the members of which often harbour both a species of the ‘cupatus group’ and another species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958.

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Résumé  Des spécimens du mérou Epinephelus tauvina (Forssk?l) pêchés à Moorea, Polynésie Fran?aise, hébergeaient quatre espèces de monogènes sur les branchies. Le Diplectanidae Pseudorhabdosynochus pai n. sp. est caractérisé par un organe tétraloculé male de très grande taille (longueur interne 77 μm, longueur du c?ne 15, longueur du tube 47), le plus grand de toutes les espèces du genre, et un vagin sclérifié à structure très complexe, comprenant trois chambres secondaires, au lieu d’une comme c’est le cas chez la plupart des autres espèces. Pseudorhabdosynochus sp. est une espèce du ‘groupe cupatus’ qui n’est pas formellement décrite, mais des mesures sont indiquées. Un Ancyrocephalidae, Haliotrema sp., et un Capsalidae, Benedenia sp., étaient rares, et sont mentionnés mais non décrits. La faune des Diplectanidae de E. tauvina correspond au patron déjà trouvé dans un clade d’espèces de mérous, dont les membres hébergent souvent à la fois une espèce du ‘groupe cupatus’ et une autre espèce de Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958.

     

A New Species of Kudoa (Myxosporidea: Chloromyxidae) from the Spot,Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède,in Clear Lake,Texas*

SYNOPSIS. Kudoa branchiata sp. n. (Myxosporidea: Chloromyxidae) is described from the gills of the marine sciaenid fish, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, from Clear Lake, Texas. Twelve of the 429 hosts examined from 10 September 1970 to 28 April 1971, were infected. Eight of the 12 infected fish were collected in February and March 1971—a period during which only 13% of the total host sample was taken. The mean total length of infected hosts was 149 mm, with a range of 112–185 mm. The mean number of myxosporidean cysts per infected host was 3.5, with a range of 1–11.     

Diplectanids (Monogenea) parasitic on the gills of the coralgroupers Plectropomus laevis and P. leopardus (Perciformes, Serranidae) off New Caledonia, with the description of five new species and the erection of Echinoplectanum n. g.

Echinoplectanum n. g. is erected for diplectanids which have a male copulatory organ comprising a tubular sclerotised penis with a muscular reservoir at its proximal extremity and an protrusible cirrus, often with spiny ridges, at its distal extremity, and a female copulatory organ comprising a sclerotised vaginal sac, often with two thin tubes. All species have similar squamodiscs made of rows of rodlets, with the central rows forming closed circles, and haptoral parts with a similar shape but different measurements; they are distinguished on the basis of the size and morphology of the male copulatory organ and sclerotised vagina. Five new species are included in Echinoplectanum and are all parasites of coralgroupers, Plectropomus spp., off New Caledonia, South Pacific. Two are from P. laevis (Lacépède): E. laeve n. sp. (type-species) has a large elongate penis, 53[Formula: see text]m in length, a cirrus with spiny ridges and a spherical vagina with two long thin tubes; and E. chauvetorum n. sp. has a large elongate penis, 51[Formula: see text]m in length, a cirrus with thin spiny ridges, and a pear-shaped vagina with two short thin tubes. Three species are from P. leopardus (Lacépède): E. leopardi n. sp. has an elongate penis, 36[Formula: see text]m in length, an unspiny cirrus and a triangular vagina; E. pudicum n. sp. has a very small elongate penis 14[Formula: see text]m in length and no visible vagina; and E. rarum n. sp. has a short thick penis 18[Formula: see text]m in length and a ring-shaped vagina with two thin tubes. In addition, Diplectanum plectropomi Young, 1969, from P. maculatus off Western Australia, and D. echinophallus Euzet & Oliver, 1965 from Epinephelus marginatus in the Mediterranean Sea and Senegal, West Africa, both herein redescribed from the type-specimens, are transferred to Echinoplectanum, as E. plectropomi n. comb. and E. echinophallus n. comb., respectively. Six of the seven species of Echinoplectanum are parasitic in members of Plectropomus from the South West Pacific, but one (E. echinophallus) is a parasite of Epinephelus marginatus and has been recorded only from the Mediterranean and East Atlantic; it is suggested that Echinoplectanum is associated with Plectropomus, a basal genus among the epinephelines, and that host-switching to Epinephelus marginatus occurred, whose distribution extends from Europe to the Indian Ocean. Morphological characteristics of the copulatory organs suggest that a "chastity belt versus spiny penis" sperm competition pattern prevails in Echinoplectanum spp.     

Backpack electrofishing effort and imperfect detection: Influence on riverine fish inventories and monitoring

An increased electrofishing sampling effort will increase detection probabilities of riverine fishes. In this study, a repeat‐sampling approach was used in small to medium‐sized Ontario (Canada) rivers to estimate: (i) species‐specific detection probabilities of freshwater fishes, (ii) the number of sampling events required to confidently detect species, and (iii) the power of timed‐search surveys to detect future distribution (or occupancy) declines. Wadeable habitats at 36 sites were sampled with a backpack electrofisher on four separate dates during the summer low‐flow period in 2013 and 2014. Forty‐two species were collected, including three species of conservation concern (American eel Anguilla rostrata Lacépède, 1802, channel darter Percina copelandi Jordan, 1877, northern sunfish Lepomis peltastes Cope, 1870), and two recreationally important species (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides Lacépède, 1802 and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu Lacépède, 1802). A hierarchical Bayesian modelling approach was used to estimate detection probabilities and site occupancy for 18 species at four levels of effort: 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 s. In all cases, species detection was imperfect. Search effort had a positive effect on estimates of detection probability and site occupancy and the power to detect declines in future distribution. Detection probabilities ranged from 0.11 to 0.66 with an effort of 250 s, and 0.27 to 0.92 with an effort of 1,000 s. For 13 species, detection and power to detect changes in distribution were significantly improved by increasing sampling effort from 250 to 750 s or 1,000 s. For the channel darter and northern sunfish, three replicate sampling visits (of 750 or 1,000 s duration) are recommended for confident detection.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capillaria appendigera</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from the goldbanded jobfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pristipomoides multidens</Emphasis> (Day) (Lutjanidae) and new records of other intestinal capillariids from marine perciform fishes off Australia

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, a new nematode parasite, Capillaria appendigera n. sp. (Capillariidae), is described from the intestine of the goldbanded jobfish Pristipomoides multidens (Day) (Perciformes, Lutjanidae) from the Arafura Sea West, off the northern coast of Australia. The new species, belonging to the subgenus Procapillaria Moravec, 1987, differs from other congeneric species from fishes mainly in the length (0.92–1.13 mm), shape and structure of the spicule, obtuse spines on the spicule sheath and the structure of eggs. It is characterised, in the male, by the presence of two well-developed dorsolateral caudal lobes, a pair of lateral papillae, a heavily sclerotised spicule with many rough transverse grooves covering almost the entice spicule surface (except for spicule ends), a spinose spicule sheath, and in the female, by a subterminal anus, mostly the presence of a large vulval appendage and by eggs (size 54–69 × 27–33 µm) encapsulated by a conspicuous light-coloured superficial layer. Capillaria appendigera n. sp. is the 12th nominal species of capillariids recorded from fishes in Australian waters and the second known capillariid species parasitising fishes of the perciform family Lutjanidae. In addition, four unidentifiable, morphologically different types of capillariid females, probably representing undescribed species, were recorded from the intestines of marine fishes off the northern coast of Australia: Capillariidae gen. sp. 1 and Capillariidae gen. sp. 2 from Lutjanus johnii (Bloch) and L. malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider), respectively (both Lutjanidae), Capillariidae gen. sp. 3 from Protonibea diacanthus (Lacépède) (Sciaenidae) and Capillariidae gen. sp. 4 from Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) (Rachycentridae).     

Four new monorchiids from marine teleost fishes of Moreton Bay and the Great Barrier Reef,Australia, including the proposal of a new genus

We report four new species of monorchiids infecting teleost fishes from Australian waters. Two new species of Paralasiotocus Wee, Cutmore, Pérez-del-Olmo & Cribb, 2020, Pa. abstrusus n. sp. and Pa. tectus n. sp., are described from haemulids of the Great Barrier Reef. The two species are morphologically cryptic and occur in sympatry but differ significantly in cox1 mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA sequence data. Paralasiotocus tectus n. sp. is found only in Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell) whereas Pa. abstrusus n. sp. infects Pl. albovittatus, Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier) and Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus). The two species differ from all known species of Paralasiotocus in the possession of a clear gap in the spines of the terminal organ. A new species is described from a mullid, Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker), from off Heron Island and Moreton Bay. The new species is morphologically broadly consistent with the concept of Paralasiotocus in the possession of an unspined genital atrium, bipartite terminal organ, and lobed ovary. However, it possesses a highly lobed cirrus and is phylogenetically widely separated from the two species of Paralasiotocus characterized here, and thus we propose Lobucirruatus infloresco n. g., n. sp. Proctotrema prominens n. sp., is described from Pl. albovittatus. It is differentiated from all other species of Proctotrema in the combination of a prominent metraterm, slightly fusiform body, slightly funnel-shaped oral sucker, elongate cirrus-sac, unlobed ovary, and caeca that terminate in the post-testicular region.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Huffmanela plectropomi</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the coralgrouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plectropomus leopardus</Emphasis> (Lacépède) off New Caledonia

Huffmanela plectropomi n. sp. is described from eggs only, which were found in black spots in the mesentery of a coralgrouper, Plectropomus leopardus (Lacépède), caught near Nouméa, New Caledonia, South Pacific. The eggs are 64–76 (mean 69) μm in length and 29–35 (mean 32) μm in width, with a thin shell. The surface of the eggs bears a thick, continuous layer of filaments. The species is distinguished from other members of the genus by the dimensions of its eggs and the characteristics of their surface. This is the first species of Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 to be described from a grouper (Serranidae, Epinephelinae).     

New collections of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae) from fishes of the tropical Indo-west Pacific,including a new genus,two new species and molecular evidence that Elaphrobates chaetodontis (Yamaguti, 1970) is widespread in the region

We report new collections of the Aporocotylidae from Australia, French Polynesia, and Japan. A new species of Cardicola Short, 1953 is described from Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède) (Scombridae), off Lizard Island. Cardicola nolani n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners based on the position of the oötype, the position of the male genital pore, and the absence of an oral sucker. A new species is described from Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous) (Balistidae), also from off Lizard Island. Phylogenetically the new species forms a strongly-supported clade with Cardicola yuelao Yong, Cutmore & Cribb, 2018, which also infects balistids. These two species are distinct from all other aporocotylids in the combination of exceptionally short anterior and long posterior caeca, a lanceolate body, a single testis, an entirely post-ovarian uterus and the position of the oötype; a new genus, Balistidicola, is proposed for them. Balistidicola corneri n. sp. and B. yuelao (Yong, Cutmore & Cribb, 2018) n. comb. are essentially morphologically cryptic, only distinguishable by the form of the spination (B. corneri has five spines per row and B. yuelao has six). Elaphrobates chaetodontis (Yamaguti, 1970) is reported from 21 species of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) from nine locations in tropical Indo-west Pacific; cox1 sequence data demonstrate extensive geographical structuring in this species. Braya jexi Nolan & Cribb, 2006, Elaphrobates milleri (Nolan & Cribb, 2006), and P. corventum Overstreet & Køie, 1989 are each re-reported from their type-hosts, and Pearsonellum pygmaeus Nolan & Cribb, 2004 and Balistidicola yuelao are each reported from a new host.     

Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1853 represents a species complex based on ribosomal DNA

Digeneans in the genus Hirudinella de Blainville, 1828 (Hirudinellidae) from three species of pelagic fishes, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier), Makaira nigricans Lacépède and Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre), and one benthic fish, Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier), from the Gulf of Mexico are investigated using comparison of ribosomal DNA. Four species are identified based on molecular differences: Hirudinella ventricosa (Pallas, 1774) Baird, 1853 from A. solandri, Hirudinella ahi Yamaguti, 1970 from T. albacares, and two unidentified but distinct species of Hirudinella, herein referred to as Hirudinella sp. A (from both M. nigricans and M. martinicus) and Hirudinella sp. B from M. nigricans. Additionally, H. ahi, based tentatively on morphological identification, is reported from Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). This represents the first record of a hirudinellid from M. martinicus and the first record of H. ahi from T. thynnus. A phylogeny of some Hemiurata Skrjabin & Guschanskaja, 1954 using partial fragments of the 28S rDNA sequences is consistent with earlier phylogenies and the position of the Hirudinellidae Dollfus, 1932 is well-supported as a derived group most closely related to the Syncoeliidae Looss, 1899.     

New data on the morphology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spinitectus oviflagellis</Emphasis> Fourment, 1884 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) from the pyloric caeca of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrourus berglax</Emphasis> (Macrouridae) in the eastern Greenland Sea

Specimens of a little-known nematode, Spinitectus oviflagellis Fourment, 1884, the type-species of Spinitectus Fourment, 1884, were collected mainly from the pyloric caeca of a marine deep-water fish, the onion-eye grenadier Macrourus berglax Lacépède (a new host record), in the eastern Greenland Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. Studies using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed some taxonomically important, previously unreported features of S. oviflagellis, such as the detailed structure of the cephalic end, the position of the excretory pore and the presence of ventral pre-anal cuticular ridges (area rugosa) in the male, which indicated a certain degree of intraspecific biometrical variability in this species. S. oviflagellis is compared with similar congeneric species parasitising marine fishes.     

Révision du genre Pycnomorphus Thomson, 1864. Systématique et phylogénie (Coleoptera : Lamiinae,Acanthoderini)

Le genre Pycnomorphus Thomson est révisé et quatre espèces nouvelles sont décrites: Pycnomorphus guyanensis n. sp., P. pradosiae n. sp.et P. sarryi n. sp. de Guyane, et P. batesi n. sp. du Nicaragua. Un genre nouveau Pycnomorphidiellus n. gen. est créé pour une nouvelle espèce de Guyane, P. polyphagus n. sp. Une analyse cladistique et une clef d’identification des espèces complètent ce travail.     

Ecogeographical variation in skull morphometry of howler monkeys (Primates: Atelidae)

Our aim is to identify ecomorphological adaptations in the skull shape of the South American howler monkeys (species of the genus Alouatta, Lacépède, 1799, Primates, Atelidae). Since Alouatta is relatively homogenous in feeding ecology, we expect skull shape variation to be relatively conservative across species. We used geometric morphometrics to quantify craniodental morphology in six species of Alouatta. Multivariate regression, two-block Partial Least Squares, and variation partitioning were used to test for the impact of taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, allometry, geography and climate on skull shape. We found morphological overlap among species and sexes, although some discrimination occurs between species living in seasonal environments as opposed to rain forest species. There was a negative latitudinal gradient in skull size across species, with size explaining 34% of total shape variance. Latitude and climate, though important, were secondary in explaining shape variance. Amazonian Alouatta are larger, have thinner molars, wide incisors, and proportionally larger neurocranium. Overall, the shape of southern species seem well adapted to cope with proportionally tougher food items, whereas Amazonian species seem better equipped to deal with a diet richer in fruits, as confirmed by independent field observations. The small size of Alouatta in the South is possibly linked to the effect of competition with the larger folivorous atelid Brachyteles.     

A new species, Parupeneus procerigena, from the Saya de Malha Bank in the western Indian Ocean (Perciformes: Mullidae)

A new mullid fish, Parupeneus procerigena, is described on the basis of 13 specimens (118.9–198.4 mm SL) from depths of 92–148 m off the Saya de Malha Bank in the western Indian Ocean. This species resembles P. chrysopleuron and P. heptacanthus in color pattern without black stripes or spots, but it differs from them in having more gill rakers, two scales in lachrymal region, deeper body, deeper cheek, and longer distance between nostrils. Received: April 4, 2000 / Revised: July 27, 2000 / Accepted: August 27, 2000