食管癌根治性放疗前后外周血CK19 mRNA变化的临床意义

目的：研究检测食管癌根治性放疗前后外周血中循环肿瘤细胞（circulating tumor cells,CTC）标记细胞角蛋白19（Cytokeratin19,CK19）mRNA的变化及其临床意义。方法：收集72例食管癌患者根治性放疗前后外周血,应用巢式RT-PCR检测CK19 mRNA的表达,分析其与放疗疗效及两年无进展生存（progerssion-free survival,PFS）的关系。结果：放疗前后CK19 mRNA阳性者分别占44.4%（32/72）与30.6%（22/72）,差别无统计学意义（P=0.085）。放疗前32例表达阳性者,放疗后其中12例转阴（37.5%）,20例持续阳性（62.5%）;40例阴性者,2例转为阳性（5.0%）,38例持续阴性（81.2%）。并且,放疗前后CK19 mRNA变化与放疗疗效相关,放疗后CK19 mRNA阳性提示2年无进展生存期较差。结论：食管癌根治性前后外周血CK19 mRNA变化对于判断放疗疗效及预后具有重要意义。     

基于物理过滤与原位杂交技术的骨肉瘤循环肿瘤细胞检测及临床意义

目的:探寻一种有效地从骨肉瘤患者外周血中富集并鉴定循环肿瘤细胞的方法。方法:利用基于物理过滤与原位杂交结合的技术对骨肉瘤患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞分离并鉴定。采用直径8μm纳米滤膜截留外周血中体积较大的白细胞及肿瘤细胞,利用多重RNA原位杂交技术检测CD45、EpCAM、CK8、CK18、CK19、vimentin及twist基因表达,并根据结果对滤膜截留下的细胞进行鉴定并分型。结果:本研究所使用的基于物理过滤与原位杂交技术的循环肿瘤细胞检测方法可以高效地从骨肉瘤患者外周血中富集骨肉瘤循环肿瘤细胞,该方法富集细胞的效率超过90%。15例健康志愿者中1例志愿者检测结果阳性。20例纳入研究的骨肉瘤患者中19例患者外周血中检测出CTC,CTC计数范围为0-20。肿瘤转移患者外周血CTC计数为11.33±5.88,肿瘤未转移患者外周血CTC计数为4.36±2.98,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0022)。肿瘤转移患者外周血间质型CTC比例高于肿瘤未转移患者(P=0.0031)。结论:利用基于物理过滤与原位杂交结合的技术可以有效地检测骨肉瘤患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞。CTC检测结果可以作为辅助判断肿瘤转移情况的辅助指标。     

食管癌根治性放疗前后外周血CK19 mRNA变化的临床意义

目的:研究检测食管癌根治性放疗前后外周血中循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTC)标记细胞角蛋白19(Cytokeratin19,CK19)mRNA的变化及其临床意义。方法:收集72例食管癌患者根治性放疗前后外周血,应用巢式RT-PCR检测CK19 mRNA的表达,分析其与放疗疗效及两年无进展生存(progerssion-free survival,PFS)的关系。结果:放疗前后CK19 mRNA阳性者分别占44.4%(32/72)与30.6%(22/72),差别无统计学意义(P=0.085)。放疗前32例表达阳性者,放疗后其中12例转阴(37.5%),20例持续阳性(62.5%);40例阴性者,2例转为阳性(5.0%),38例持续阴性(81.2%)。并且,放疗前后CK19 mRNA变化与放疗疗效相关,放疗后CK19 mRNA阳性提示2年无进展生存期较差。结论:食管癌根治性前后外周血CK19 mRNA变化对于判断放疗疗效及预后具有重要意义。     

血清细胞角蛋白19、神经元特异性烯醇化酶及鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原在小细胞肺癌诊断及病情评估中的作用研究

摘要 目的：分析血清细胞角蛋白19（CK19）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）及鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原（SCCA）在小细胞肺癌诊断及病情评估中的作用。方法：选择我院自2020年1月至2022年7月收治的85例小细胞肺癌患者作为观察组,另选同期的85例肺部良性疾病患者作为对照组。检测两组血清CK19、NSE、SCCA表达水平,比较两组血清CK19、NSE、SCCA表达水平及其阳性率,使用ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分析上述指标对小细胞肺癌的诊断效能,观察小细胞肺癌不同分期患者血清CK19、NSE、SCCA表达水平的差异性,分析观察组治疗前后血清CK19、NSE、SCCA表达水平的变化情况。结果：观察组血清CK19、NSE、SCCA表达水平均较对照组高（P＜0.05）;观察组血清CK19、NSE和SCCA的阳性率均较对照组高（P＜0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,血清CK19、NSE联合SCCA诊断小细胞肺癌的敏感度为91.23 %,特异度为84.67 %,AUC为0.910;在85例小细胞肺癌患者中,临床分期为局限期33例、广泛期52例;广泛期患者血清CK19、NSE、SCCA表达水平均高于局限期患者（P＜0.05）。结论：血清CK19、NSE联合SCCA诊断小细胞肺癌的效能较好,三者均与患者病情严重程度有关,有利于此病的早期诊断和病情评估,值得进一步研究应用。     

乳腺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞与癌干细胞相关性的初步研究

目的：检测乳腺癌患者外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）和具有癌干细胞（CSC）标志的CTC（CSC-CTC）,探讨患者外周血微转移与CSC的相关性。方法：患者和健康者PBMC与磁珠偶联上皮细胞黏附分子单抗孵育后,用磁性分离法富集PBMC中的上皮细胞。以CK＋为患者PBMC中CTC标志,用流式细胞术（FCM）检测健康者和患者的PBMC中CK＋细胞及CK＋/CD44＋/CD24-细胞含量,并比较各组间CTC、CSC-CTC含量的差异。结果：用FCM在73.07%的患者中检测到CTC,在19例检测到CTC的患者中18例有CSC-CTC（94.74%）,CTC中CSC数量比例平均为19.01%,且患者PBMC中CTC和CSC-CTC比例与临床TNM分期相关。结论：初步建立了患者外周血CSC-CTC的检测方法,结果显示乳腺癌患者外周血微转移中有CSC-CTC的参与,临床分期越晚的患者CTC和CSC-CTC的数量越多。     

Nrf2 和HO_1 在肾癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨肾癌组织Nrf2 和HO_1 表达水平变化及其临床意义。方法：选择经手术切除肾癌组织标本42 例及正常肾组织42 例作为研究对象,42 例患者均未接受化疗或者放疗,采取免疫组织化SABC法测定Nrf2 和HO_1 表达水平,并进行统计学分析。 结果：Nrf2 及HO_1 于肾癌组织及正常肾组织均有不同程度表达,且主要表达于肿瘤细胞胞浆,肾癌组中Nrf2 阳性35 例 （83.3%）,显著高于正常肾组织14例（33.3%）,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。肾癌组HO_1 表达阳性31 例（73.8）,显著高于正常 肾组织组15 例（35.7）,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。肾癌组织Nrf2和HO_1 表达水平成正相关,r=0.536。结论：肾癌组织Nrf2 和 HO_1表达水平较正常组织更高,且两者之间呈正相关,表明Nrf2 和HO_1 在肾癌进展中起着重要作用。     

oHSV1-hTERT-GFP法检测小细胞肺癌循环肿瘤细胞

目的在正常人体细胞中活性被抑制的端粒酶,在肿瘤细胞中处于活化状态,可以特异性示踪循环肿瘤细胞。本研究拟建立基于插入人端粒酶启动子和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)基因的单纯疱疹病毒(oHSV1-hTERTGFP)检测小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)外周血中循环肿瘤细胞的方法。方法观察SCLC细胞在感染病毒oHSV1-hTERT-GFP后的荧光强度来判断GFP的表达,通过建立SCLC循环肿瘤细胞模型,用oHSV1-hTERT-GF法检测CD45/GFP+细胞,分析此法对SCLC细胞的捕获效率和可重复性;通过CD56与GFP进行共定位来验证oHSV1-hTERT-GFP对SCLC细胞示踪的特异性;应用oHSV1-hTERT-GFP法检测50例正常人和10例广泛期SCLC病人治疗前后的外周血中CD45-/GFP+细胞数,分析此法检测正常人与SCLC病人CD45-/GFP+细胞数的差异和SCLC病人治疗前后CD45-/GFP+细胞数变化,并将oHSV1-hTERT-GFP法检测的循环肿瘤细胞数量变化与临床疗效进行对比分析。结果感染病毒oHSV1-hTERT-GFP后24h的SCLC细胞GFP表达量较感染后16h显著增加;模型实验结果显示oHSV1-hTERT-GFP法检测循环肿瘤细胞的效率与其在外周血中的含量无关;oHSV1-hTERT-GFP病毒捕获的细胞与CD56共定位,oHSV1-hTERT-GFP捕获SCLC细胞的特异性高。临床实验中,SCLC病人外周血中的CD45-/GFP+细胞数比健康人显著增加;在病情缓解的病例中,治疗后CD45-/GFP+细胞数较治疗前显著下降。结论基于oHSV1-hTERT-GFP的检测方法能够识别和鉴定出SCLC外周血中的循环肿瘤细胞,对SCLC的复发转移以及疗效评价等有一定临床应用价值。     

新疆维、汉妇女宫颈脱落细胞中hTERC 基因表达

目的:研究hTERC基因在新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女宫颈脱落细胞中的表达情况及差异性。方法:收集2012年9月至2014年3月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院妇科门诊就诊或行宫颈癌机会性筛查的新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女病例1160例,选择其中HPV感染阳性或TCT阳性或两项同时阳性的465例纳入研究队列,通过F1SH技术检测宫颈脱落细胞中hTERC基因的表达情况。结果:新疆维吾尔族与汉族妇女hTERC基因扩增的总阳性率无显著差异(P=0.620);维吾尔族与汉族妇女正常或慢性炎症组、CIN1组、CIN2组、CIN3组和SCC组hTERC基因扩增的阳性率亦均无显著差异(P=0.918,0.912,0.821,0.922,1.000),hTERC基因的表达率不存在民族差异;维吾尔族与汉族妇女正常或慢性炎症组/CIN1组和CIN2+组基因拷贝数的分布均无显著差异(P=0.925,0.862),且其正常或慢性炎症组/CIN1组和CIN2+组TERC:CEP比例分布亦均无显著差异(P=0.986,P=0.979),hTERC基因的扩增类型不存在民族差异;维吾尔族和汉族妇女hTERC基因扩增阳性率的大小顺序均为:SCC组≈CIN 3组CIN 2组CIN 1组≈正常或慢性炎症组,随着宫颈病变恶性程度的增加,各组中hTERC基因的扩增阳性率有增加的趋势,hTERC基因的表达与宫颈病变的恶性程度呈正相关(相关系数=0.648和0.712,P0.001)。结论:新疆维吾尔族与汉族妇女hTERC基因的表达率不存在民族差异;维吾尔族与汉族妇女hTERC基因的扩增类型不存在民族差异;随着宫颈病变恶性程度的增加,维吾尔族和汉族妇女hTERC基因的扩增阳性率有增加的趋势,hTERC基因的表达与宫颈病变的恶性程度呈正相关。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族阿尔茨海默病Neprilysin基因单核苷酸多态性研究

摘要目的：探讨新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族脑啡肽酶（Neprilysin,NEP）基因单核苷酸多态性与阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’SdiseaseAD）的关系。方法：对新疆地区维吾尔族、汉族≥50岁8284名人群进行AD流行病学调查,参照ADRDA．NINCDS的标准,选取散发性阿尔茨海默病（sporadicAlzheimer’s disease,SAD）患者209例（AD组）与正常对照220例（对照组）,应用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性技术（PCR）检测NEP基因多态性,采用病例一对照的关联分析方法对NEP基因rs3736187位点进行基因型和等位基因频率分析。结果：（1）新疆维吾尔族、汉族两民族AD组与对照组间NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。携带T等位基因个体出现AD的危险性高于携带c等位基因的个体（0R=1．981,P〈0．05）。（2）新疆维吾尔族、汉族不同民族之间比较NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而在同一民族中AD组和对照组之间比较NEP基因等位基因频率分布差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）两个年龄分段（〈65岁及≥65岁）之间NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而在同一年龄段内部AD组与对照组间等位基因频率分布差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（4）男性、女性之间NEP基因基因型频率和等位基因频率分布差异均无统计学意义,而在女性AD组与对照组间等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：NEP基因rs3736187位点基因型频率和等位基因频率在新疆维吾尔族、汉族两民族间的分布相似;NEP基因的T等位基因是SAD的危险因素,在新疆维吾尔族、汉族两民族及女性SAD的发病中起重要作用。     

VKORC1基因rs9923231及GGCX基因rs2592551位点多态性与新疆维吾尔族、汉族人群心源性脑栓塞的相关性研究

目的:探讨维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1(VKORC1)基因rs9923231及γ-谷氨酰羧化酶(GGCX)基因rs2592551位点多态性同新疆维吾尔族和汉族人群发生心源性脑栓塞的关系。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年10月曾就诊于新疆医科大学第六附属医院神经内科的维吾尔族和汉族散发性房颤致脑栓塞患者各50例做为病例组,同时选取非心源性脑卒中维吾尔族患者50名及汉族患者150名为对照组,从外周静脉血中提取基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测VKORC1基因rs9923231及GGCX基因rs2592551多态性位点在不同人群中的分布。结果:维吾尔族脑栓塞组及对照组VKORC1基因rs9923231多态性位点基因型频率分布差异有统计学意义(P0.05);汉族脑栓塞组及对照组VKORC1基因rs9923231多态性位点基因型频率的分布比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。GGCX基因rs2592551多态位点在汉族、维吾尔族脑栓塞组及对照组的分布差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:VKORC1基因rs9923231多态性可能与新疆维吾尔族人群心源性脑栓塞的发病有关,而与汉族人群无关;GGCX基因rs2592551多态性可能与维吾尔族及汉族人群心源性脑栓塞的发病均无关。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.