ROCK特异性抑制剂Y27632对缺氧后少突胶质前体细胞分化的影响

目的观察ROCK特异性抑制剂Y27632对缺氧损伤(Oxygen-glucose deprivation,OGD)后少突胶质前体细胞分化的影响。方法培养SD大鼠大脑皮层少突胶质前体细胞,实验分为对照组、对照+Y27632组、OGD组、OGD+Y27632组四组;对细胞进行OGD处理2h,取4d后时间点,进行免疫荧光组化染色和Western blot实验,检测细胞A2B5、NG2、O4及MBP蛋白表达情况。结果与对照组相比,OGD组表达少突胶质细胞特异性蛋白MBP量明显增多(P0.01);OGD+Y27632组比单纯OGD组表达少突胶质细胞特异性蛋白MBP的量显著增加(P0.01)。结论 OGD损伤可促进OPCs的分化,Y27632特异性抑制ROCK可以进一步促进OGD损伤后OPCs的分化,提示ROCK信号通路在缺氧诱导OPCs分化的过程中有重要的调控作用。     

Juxtanodin（JN）表达下调对少突胶质细胞氧化应激损伤的影响

目的:探讨JN表达下调对少突胶质细胞氧化应激损伤的影响及其可能的机制。方法:采用大脑中动脉线栓法制备小鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,通过m NSS评分分析JN-/-小鼠及其同窝阴性对照鼠神经功能缺损的情况。通过制备少突胶质细胞系OLN93的氧糖剥夺模型(oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD)模拟脑白质缺血的病理改变。使用si RNA下调模型细胞中JN的表达,分析JN表达下调后模型细胞的存活情况以及与氧化应激有关的指标如乳酸盐脱氢酶(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性、一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)及丙二醛(Methane Dicarboxylic Aldehyde,MDA)等的变化情况;并通过western blot检测BNIP3(Bcl-2/E1B-19K-interacting protein 3, BNIP3)的表达变化。结果:JN-/-小鼠m NSS评分较其同窝阴性对照鼠升高(P0.05)。OGD模型细胞与对照组相比,其存活率及SOD活性分别下降35.82%及37.27%,LDH活性、MDA及NO水平分别升高52.01%,86.15%及149.78%,且BNIP3蛋白表达上调461%(P0.01)。而与OGD模型组相比,JN表达下调可使细胞存活率和SOD活性分别下降33.23%及33.31%,而LDH的释放、MDA及NO水平分别增加58.12%,57.02%及52.64%,且BNIP3表达上调72%(P0.01)。结论:敲除JN使小鼠在脑缺血后神经功能恶化,而JN表达下调可使少突胶质细胞对氧化应激损伤更敏感,其机制可能与BNIP3表达上调有关。     

TRPC3/6/7通道在氧糖剥夺星形胶质细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 研究TRPC3/6/7在氧糖剥夺/复氧(oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,OGD/R)后对星形胶质细胞凋亡的影响及其可能机制.方法 将体外培养星形胶质细胞分为空白对照组、野生型(wild type,WT)OGD/R组、TRPC3/6/7基因敲除OGD/R组,通过We...     

瞬时受体电位通道蛋白在多功能性系统萎缩中的调控作用

多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)是一类神经系统退行性疾病,其病理特征是胶质细胞中出现含有不溶性α突触核蛋白(α-synuclein)的胞质包涵体.研究显示,α-synuclein在多系统萎缩的发病机制中有重要作用,但其毒性的分子机制目前还不清楚.本文在前期研究氧化应激条件下α-synuclein引起细胞内钙稳态失衡,提出了以氧化应激为连接的多系统萎缩中,胶质细胞死亡的新假说的基础上,深入分析了α-synuclein过表达导致U251细胞变性死亡的分子机制.首先证明过表达α-synuclein的U251细胞出现生长速度减慢、氧化应激水平增加和钙离子瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(transient receptor potential channel-1,TRPC1)表达量升高,而且细胞存活率的变化可通过下调TRPC1的表达得以恢复,说明TRPC1在α-synuclein过表达细胞死亡中发挥了重要作用;其次,研究发现α-synuclein稳转U251细胞中出现了明显的自噬水平增加和细胞凋亡的特征,表明α-synuclein通过作用于内质网钙泵以及细胞膜上的瞬时受体电位钙通道TRPC1,破坏了细胞内的钙稳态,进而影响自噬和凋亡,增加了U251细胞对于过氧化氢的敏感性,这可能是导致多系统萎缩病人脑内胶质细胞死亡的原因.     

山杏叶乙酸乙酯提取物调控乳腺癌MCF7细胞增殖和凋亡的机制研究

为探究山杏叶乙酸乙酯提取物对乳腺癌MCF7细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响,本研究采用CCK8法检测山杏叶提取物对MCF7细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,倒置荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪分别检测胞内活性氧(ROS)的水平变化,RT-PCR检测细胞周期及凋亡相关基因的表达情况,试剂盒检测caspase-3的活性。实验表明,山杏叶提取物可降低MCF7细胞存活率,促进细胞凋亡,增加胞内ROS水平。同时上调和Bax,下调Bcl-2,增强caspase-3活性,并降低CDK4、CyclinE和CyclinD1的表达。综上说明山杏叶提取物可通过调控周期蛋白的表达来抑制MCF7细胞的增殖,并通过caspase途径和提升ROS水平来诱导MCF7细胞的凋亡。     

Nrf2对缺氧/复氧诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞线粒体分裂的影响

目的:通过体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤的细胞模型,探究核转录相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2,Nrf2)与线粒体分裂是否存在调控关系。方法:通过三气培养箱和无糖培养基模拟氧糖剥夺/复氧(Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/R)的条件,将OGD4 h、6h、8h和10h与R0h、6h、12h、18h、24h多个时间点组合,通过CCK8试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK8)检测细胞的存活率,最终以细胞凋亡明显但仍有半数存活的OGD4 h/恢复R18 h为条件建立细胞OGD/R模型;用Nrf2激动剂叔丁基对苯二酚(Tert-butylhydroquinone,t BHQ)和抑制剂鸦胆子苦醇(Brusatol,Bru)对细胞进行干预处理;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)法检测Nrf2、动力相关蛋白1(Dynamin-related protein 1,Drp1)的表达量;制备细胞沉淀的切片,通过电镜观察细胞内线粒体的形态。结果:OGD/R+t BHQ组Nrf2蛋白的表达明显高于OGD/R组,且OGD/R+t BHQ组Drp1蛋白的表达则低于OGD/R组(P0.05),而OGD/R+Bru组Nrf2蛋白的表达低于OGD/R组,且OGD/R+Bru组Drp1蛋白的表达高于OGD/R组(P0.05);电镜观察结果显示OGD/R+t BHQ组线粒体分裂的程度和比例较OGD/R组有所减少,而在OGD/R+Bru组有增多(P0.05)。结论:Nrf2对线粒体分裂有负向调控作用,可能机制是经由Drp1蛋白发挥作用。     

紫草素促进肺癌A549细胞凋亡

目的:探讨紫草素对A549人肺癌细胞凋亡的影响和可能的作用机制。方法:采用不同浓度的紫草素对体外培养的A549人肺癌细胞进行干预,CCK-8法和流式细胞术分别检测紫草素对A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,Western blot观察凋亡相关蛋白(Bcl-2和Bax)表达水平的变化,激光共聚焦显微镜检测紫草素处理12 h并用JC-1染色的A549细胞线粒体膜电位改变。结果:CCK-8分析显示,0.5μM、1μM、2μM、4μM和6μM实验组A549细胞相对存活率分别为(83.71±1.02)%、(57.47±2.78)%、(27.39±1.96)%、(16.96±1.47)%和(14.72±1.93)%,与对照组相比实验组A549细胞相对存活率明显降低;流式细胞术结果表明,1μM、2μM、4μM实验组A549细胞的凋亡率分别为(13.80±1.76)%、(40.90±3.48)%和(78.80±2.52)%,与对照组相比紫草素呈剂量依赖型促进A549细胞凋亡;Western blot结果证实,紫草素能降低A549细胞中Bcl-2蛋白的表达量,而升高Bax蛋白的水平;激光共聚焦显微镜扫描结果显示紫草素能降低A549细胞的线粒体膜电位,呈剂量依赖型。结论:紫草素能显著促进A549细胞凋亡,其机制可能与下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达和上调促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达有关。     

大鼠少突胶质前体细胞(OPCs)纯化培养及糖氧剥夺(OGD)模型的建立

目的建立大鼠脑少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)分离纯化培养及糖氧剥夺(oxygen glucose deprivation,OGD)模型。方法出生3d内的SD大鼠乳鼠取脑,经胰蛋白酶消化法培养混合胶质细胞,混合培养10d后,震摇及差速贴壁法分离纯化OPCs,纯化培养3d后鉴定、诱导分化OPCs为少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte,OL)及进一步OGD干预。免疫荧光法鉴定OPCs纯度及分化为OL的能力;MTT法检测OGD(37℃,1%O2,5%CO2)干预0.5h、1h、2h及4h时细胞活力改变,Edu染色检测细胞增殖情况。结果免疫荧光显示纯化培养的OPCs 95%以上表达NG2+A2B5,且可分化为MBP阳性的OL。OGD 2h时,MTT显示细胞活力明显下降,Ed U染色阳性率明显降低。结论震摇及差速贴壁法可获得高纯度的OPCs,且细胞具有分化为OL的能力。2h可作为OPCs OGD模型缺血缺氧损伤合适时间。     

欧前胡素通过ERK1/2信号保护心肌细胞低氧性损伤

目的:研究欧前胡素对低氧诱导的大鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用和机制。方法:采用CO2-95%和N2-5%的细胞培养箱诱导H9c2大鼠心肌细胞建立心肌细胞低氧损伤模型,采用不同浓度的欧前胡素孵育细胞12、24 h,检测上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde MDA)的含量。采用MTT方法检测细胞的存活率,Annexin V/PI双标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡比例,蛋白质印迹法检测检ERK1/2蛋白的表达。结果:低氧处理H9c2心肌细胞12 h后,上清中LDH和MDA的含量分别为(523.28±90.29)U/L和(5.59±0.33)U/L,均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而SOD的含量[(12.23±1.38)U/mg]明显低于对照组(P0.05)。低、高浓度欧前胡素孵育12 h后,细胞存活率分别为(64.51±2.78)%和(73.22±3.56)%,低、高浓度欧前胡素孵育24 h后,细胞存活率分别为(80.21±4.67)%和(87.38±5.41)%,均较与模型组显著升高(P0.05)。高浓度欧前胡素孵育12 h和24 h后凋亡细胞比例分别为(39.67±4.11)%和(49.61±3.39)%,均较模型组显著降低(P0.05),10μmol/L的PD98059阻断ERK1/2信号通路后细胞存活率均较高浓度欧前胡素组显著降低,凋亡细胞比例较高浓度欧前胡素明显升高(P0.05)。高浓度欧前胡素孵育12 h和24 h后,ERK1/2蛋白相对表达量分别为(1.92±0.09)和(2.42±0.21),与模型组相比均显著增加(P0.05)。结论:欧前胡素可能通过活化ERK1/2信号通路保护低氧诱导的心肌细胞损伤。     

RUNX1对氧糖剥夺诱导PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用研究

目的:研究RUNX1在PC12细胞氧糖剥夺模型中的表达及其对PC12细胞的保护作用,并探讨其相关机制。方法:体外培养PC12细胞并构建氧糖剥夺模型,将细胞分为对照组、氧糖剥夺组、RUNX1 si RNA处理组、si RNA对照处理组(sicontrol)、pc DNA3.1-RUNX1处理组(pc RUNX1)和pc DNA3.1对照处理组(pc DNA 3.1)。q RT-PCR和western blot检测RUNX1、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)和总Akt(t-Akt)表达水平;MTT法检测细胞存活率;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡。结果:与对照组比较,RUNX1在PC12细胞氧糖剥夺模型中表达水平显著升高;沉默RUNX1可下调PC12细胞的存活率,促进细胞的凋亡,有效抑制p-Akt蛋白表达,而过表达RUNX1显著提高细胞存活率,抑制细胞凋亡,并上调p-Akt蛋白表达;此外,PI3K/Akt通路抑制剂LY294002明显抑制RUNX1过表达对细胞存活率的促进作用和对细胞凋亡的抑制作用。结论:RUNX1可通过PI3K/Akt信号通路保护OGD对PC12细胞的损伤作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.