毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)在链霉菌中的表达研究

应用两种链霉菌新型信号肽--vsi和gpp在常用工程菌变铅青链霉菌（Streptomyces lividans）中进行了CTLA-4的分泌表达研究,vsi信号肽与CTLA-4的融合片段克隆至链霉素-大肠杆菌穿梭质粒pUWL-219,同时gpp信号肽与CTLA-4片段在质粒pLNSP中融合,分别转化S.lividans TK24,获得重组菌株S.lividans[pUWL219-VC]和S.lividans[pLNSP/CTLA-4]。重组菌株的发酵上清液经SDS-PAGE及Western blotting分析结果表明：应用不同信号肽构建的两株工程菌均能表达分子量为13000重组蛋白,具有免疫活性。     

变铅青链霉菌TK24 secE启动子表达特性的研究

通过PCR扩增得到变铅青链霉菌（Streptomyces lividans)TK24 secE基因上游496bp的片段,其序列与S.coelicolor secE启动子序列同源性为99.8%。将该序列克隆到以儿茶酚加氧酶基因（xylE)为报告基因的链霉菌启动子探测质粒pIJ4083上,并转化S.lividans TK24原生质体,获得了重组菌株S.lividans [pIJ4083-secE]。S.lividans[pIJ4083-secE]菌株发酵结果表明,secE启动子为强启动子,活性与vsi基因启动子相当。secE启动子的表达在对数生长期达到高峰,平台期下降;28℃发酵培养时secE启动子活性远高于37℃发酵培养;比较了不同发酵培养基Phage,NB和CM中secE启动子的活性;实验结果还表明培养基中葡萄糖含量对secE启动子的表达有抑制作用。     

MntH与含锰过氧化氢酶共表达基因工程菌的构建与发酵优化

构建Mn2+转运蛋白MntH与来源于Thermus thermophilus HB27的含锰过氧化氢酶的共表达基因工程菌,并进行了发酵培养基及培养环境条件的优化,确定培养基中最佳的碳氮源种类及其浓度分别为:甘油7.0 g/L,酵母粉3.75 g/L和蛋白胨11.25 g/L;当培养基中的Mn2+浓度为1 mmol/L时,最佳的IPTG诱导浓度为0.05 mmol/L。此外,最佳的培养基初始p H值及培养温度分别为:p H 8.0和37℃,在最优发酵条件下工程菌摇瓶发酵培养24 h,过氧化氢酶活最高可达476 U/m L是未优化前3倍。在5 L发酵罐的验证实验中,过氧化氢酶的酶活进一步提高至1 094 U/m L。     

共表达分子伴侣PDI和Ero1对灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶在毕赤酵母中表达的影响

来源于灰盖鬼伞长度为1 092 bp的CiP目的基因与AOX1启动子一起整合进酵母染色体基因组中。重组蛋白CiP在酿酒酵母信号肽的引导下成功分泌到胞外,质谱鉴定为目的蛋白,成功在毕赤酵母中表达灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶(CiP)。将伴侣蛋白内质网氧化还原酶1(Ero1)、二硫键异构酶(PDI)分别单独及同时转入CiP酵母受体菌中,研究它们对CiP在毕赤酵母中表达的影响。结果表明:在摇瓶中,相对于无分子伴侣的菌株,单独整合PDI及同时整合Ero1、PDI菌株的CiP酶活分别提高了2.43和2.62倍,活力达到316 U/m L和340 U/m L。挑选同时整合Ero1、PDI伴侣蛋白的CiP菌株,5 L发酵罐进行高密度发酵,酶活最高达到3 379 U/m L,比摇瓶提高约10倍。本实验结果较目前已报道的1 200 U/m L已是最高水平。     

重组大肠杆菌高效分泌表达β-木糖苷酶发酵条件的优化

[目的]嗜热拟青霉β-木糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌中高效分泌表述重组β-木糖哥酶摇瓶发酵条件优化,及5 L发酵罐放大培养.[方法]通过单因素试验对诱导剂种类及其添加量、诱导起始 OD600、培养温度、培养时间进行优化研究.[结果]摇瓶优化结果表明:2％乳糖为诱导剂、培养温度为33℃C、OD600控制在0.8-0.9时诱导为最佳产酶条件,在此条件下培养48 h后胞外酶活达到103.9 U/mL,胞外分泌的比例高达99％以上.进行5L发酵罐放大培养,发酵48 h胞外酶活达到最高值392.5 U/mL,蛋白含量为10.1 g/L.[结论]该重组大肠杆菌高效分泌β-木糖苷酶,具有较好的工业化生产前景.     

代谢工程改造大肠杆菌合成丁二酸及发酵罐放大工艺

【背景】Escherichia coli AFP111发酵生产丁二酸时大量副产乙酸,丁二酸得率低。【目的】代谢工程改造EscherichiacoliAFP111,提高丁二酸得率,降低副产物乙酸的生成,建立100 L规模的丁二酸发酵工艺。【方法】一步同源重组敲除乙酸合成途径关键酶基因,改造丁二酸合成途径关键酶启动子实现过表达;单因素优化5L发酵罐培养条件。【结果】敲除乙酸产生途径编码乙酸激酶和磷酸转乙酰酶的基因ackA-pta、苏氨酸脱羧酶和2-酮丁酸甲酸裂解酶的基因tdcDE获得SX02菌株,摇瓶发酵条件下其乙酸产量下降了53.42%,丁二酸得率提高9.85%。在SX02菌株基础上,经启动子改造过表达编码葡萄糖激酶的基因glk后获得菌株SX03,其Glk酶活性提高3.66倍,乙酸产量下降了31.62%,丁二酸得率提高8.28%。SX03菌株发酵生产丁二酸在5 L发酵罐进行放大,其乙酸产量为3.97 g/L,丁二酸得率为1.62 mol/mol葡萄糖,相比出发菌株的乙酸产量下降了75.76%,丁二酸得率提高19.12%。在5L发酵罐上对比研究了中和剂Na2CO3和NaOH混合液替换碱式MgCO3的发酵效果,并优化了发酵pH、搅拌转速和葡萄糖浓度,获得如下最适发酵条件:pH6.8,搅拌转速250r/min,葡萄糖100g/L,发酵结束时乙酸产量为2.24 g/L,丁二酸得率为1.66 mol/mol葡萄糖。中和剂替换优化后乙酸产量下降了20.65%,丁二酸得率提高2.47%。菌株SX03发酵工艺进一步在100 L发酵罐上实现放大,其乙酸产量为1.91 g/L,丁二酸得率为1.30 mol/mol葡萄糖。【结论】通过代谢工程改造的大肠杆菌,其副产物乙酸含量显著下降,丁二酸得率提高,并在5 L和100 L发酵罐上实现了工艺放大,展现出较大的工业化利用潜力。     

基因拷贝数对重组毕赤酵母产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响

基于毕赤酵母核糖体DNA序列 (rDNA),构建多拷贝谷氨酰胺转胺酶基因表达载体pPICZα-rDNA- mtg,并转化到表达前导肽 (Pro peptide或pro) 的宿主菌pGAP9-pro/GS115,得到共表达菌株pro/rDNA-mtg (GS115)。实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR) 分析了4株阳性表达菌株中mtg基因拷贝数,进一步研究了不同基因拷贝数对重组毕赤酵母产酶的影响及高产菌株在3 L发酵罐高密度发酵。结果表明,被检测的4株阳性表达菌株中mtg拷贝数分别为2.21、3.36、5.72和7.62 (mtg-2c、mtg-3c、mtg-6c和mtg-8c),其发酵产酶能力和蛋白质表达水平为mtg-3c>mtg-2c>mtg-6c>mtg-8c;高密度发酵较低和较高拷贝数的两株菌mtg-3c和mtg-6c,发酵上清的最高酶活和单位菌体酶活分别为3.12 U/mL、52.1 U/g湿重和2.07 U/mL、36.5 U/g湿重,其中单位菌体酶活mtg-3c是mtg-6c的1.4倍;mtg-3c纯化酶的最高酶活达到7.21 U/mL,蛋白浓度为437.2 μg /mL。通过分析拷贝数对重组毕赤酵母产酶的影响,发现mtg-3c适合pro/rDNA-mtg中pro和mtg共表达,MTG高酶活与菌株较高分泌蛋白有关。     

高产中性蛋白酶菌株的筛选、优化及中试放大

为筛选分离得到具有高产中性蛋白酶能力的菌株,同时研究菌株的发酵条件,在牛粪、猪粪堆肥时期采集样品,在以干酪素为唯一碳源的固体培养基上筛选分离得到19株产蛋白酶菌株。选取其中1株产酶效果最好的菌株PC2,其水解圈D/d值为4.25,酶活为10.74 U·mL^-1。结合形态学、生理生化以及16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定结果,认定其为枯草芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阳性菌。进一步对其进行摇瓶和中试放大条件优化,LB培养基37℃活化24 h,干酪素发酵培养基30℃发酵48 h,转速为180 r·min^-1。中试放大具体参数:50 L种子罐180～240 r·min^-1,通气量20～30 L·min^-1。500 L发酵罐:添加1%小麦蛋白粉,100～180 r·min^-1,通气量10～25 L·min^-1。发酵结束活菌含量44.58亿·mL^-1,酶活29.48 U·mL^-1,是初始值的2.745倍。研究结果可为探究含中性蛋白酶菌株的微...     

利用强启动功能片段提高麦迪霉素4”，-羟基丙酰化酶基因的表达

利用PCR技术将本室克隆到的强启动功能片段取代麦迪霉素丙酰化酶基因(mpt)的启动子或与mpt基因自身启动子串连,获得含mPt重组质粒pCHFPE3和pCHFPE2。用含有这两个质粒的Streptomyces lividans TK24对螺旋霉素进行微生物转化,结果表明,与含有原启动子的mpt.S.lividans TK24(p.WFPE)相比,丙酰螺旋霉素的组分比例分别提高了89.02％和58.53％。含重组质粒pCHFPE2的螺旋霉素产生菌S.spiramyceticus发酵产物中丙酰螺旋霉素的组分也有较大辐度的提高。说明利用该强启动功能片段可以提高麦迪霉素丙酰化酶基因的表达。     

麦白霉素发酵培养基的改进

研究了淀粉水解液全部替代葡萄糖作为碳源发酵麦白霉素的工艺条件。用正交实验得出摇瓶培养基消毒后的最佳基质浓度为总糖5.0g/100mL,还原糖3.8g/100mL,氨基氮60mg/mL,溶解磷300μg/mL。以50L发酵罐进行实验,得出了麦白霉素的发酵代谢曲线和淀粉的适宜水解条件。经30t发酵罐放大实验结果表明,与葡萄糖作碳源相比,用淀粉水解液作碳源发酵麦白霉素,发酵单位提高23.0％,生产成本降低38.0％。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.