靶向DNA修复基因ERCC6的shRNA载体构建及干扰效果评价

构建靶向ERCC6基因的短发夹RNA(short hairpin RNA,sh RNA)真核表达载体,评价其对肺癌细胞ERCC6表达的干扰效果。依据ERCC6基因的核苷酸序列和小干扰RNA的设计原则,设计并合成靶向ERCC6基因的3对ERCC6-sh RNAs和1对阴性对照NC-sh RNA片段,退火后连接至表达载体p GPU6/GFP/Neo中,重组载体经测序鉴定后转染肺癌SPC-A-1细胞中观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting方法检测ERCC6基因表达的变化。经测序分析证实,各ERCC6-sh RNA的表达载体均构建成功。转染重组质粒48 h后的各组细胞均有绿色荧光表达。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting表明,相对于阴性对照组,ERCC6-sh RNA1、ERCC6-sh RNA2、ERCC6-sh RNA3三个实验组SPC-A-1细胞中ERCC6基因在m RNA和蛋白水平上的表达均显著降低(p0.05),其中ERCC6-sh RNA3载体的干扰效果最佳。本研究成功构建并筛选了靶向ERCC6基因的sh RNA高效干扰载体,能够有效抑制ERCC6基因在肺癌细胞中的表达,这为进一步研究ERCC6基因与肿瘤发生分子机制和化疗耐药的相关性提供了帮助。     

人线粒体转录终止因子3基因RNA干扰表达载体的构建筛选与干扰效果评价

目的:构建人线粒体转录终止因子3(MTERF3)基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)干扰表达载体,并在mRNA和蛋白质水平对其干扰效率进行验证,以检测和筛选出干扰效率最优的shRNA表达载体。方法:根据人MTERF3基因全长cDNA序列,利用Oligoengine在线软件设计4个shRNA序列,合成4条互补寡核苷酸链,退火成双链后克隆至psiU6.1载体,得到4个重组干扰质粒psi-MTERF3-1～psi-MTERF3-4,并通过PCR和DNA测序对其进行鉴定;将重组干扰质粒利用脂质体介导瞬时转染He La细胞,转染48 h后采用real time RT-PCR检测4个干扰质粒对MTERF3 mRNA表达水平的影响,采用Western印迹检测其对MTERF3蛋白表达水平的情况,并筛选出最有效的shRNA干扰质粒。结果:PCR鉴定和DNA测序鉴定证实重组质粒中已插入目的DNA序列;real time RT-PCR和Western印迹结果表明4个重组载体均可以显著降低人MTERF3基因mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平(P0.05),其中以pSi-MTERF3-4的干扰效率最优,对MTERF3 mRNA表达的抑制率为70.1%,对MTERF3蛋白表达的抑制率为72.2%。结论:在人宫颈癌He La细胞系筛选出有效干扰MTERF3基因表达的shRNA序列,构建了针对MTERF3基因的RNA干扰真核表达载体且能够有效抑制目的基因的表达,为进一步研究人MTERF3在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用机制提供了实验基础。     

RNA干扰抑制结肠癌细胞血管内皮生长因子表达

目的 应用RNA干扰技术抑制结肠癌血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达。方法 将VEGF基因作为RNA干扰的靶区,通过E-RNAi网上提供的服务,设计两个特异的RNA干扰序列,将其装入含U6启动子的载体上,构建成抗VEGF基因的小发夹样RNA（shRNA）表达载体,再转染人结肠癌细胞HT29,通过RT-PCR、Northern杂交、免疫荧光和Western杂交,观察VEGF表达受抑的程度。结果 成功构建了两种抗VEGF基因的shRNA表达载体,RT-PCR、Northern杂交、免疫荧光和Western杂交,均发现其能明显抑制HT29细胞VEGF基因的表达,抑制率分别达42%、88%、73%和82%。结论 针对VEGF基因的shRNA表达载体能够明显抑制结肠癌细胞VEGF基因的表达。     

RNA干扰USE1基因慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

旨在构建泛素结合酶USE1基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,并在细胞中检测该基因的抑制表达水平,以期寻找Uba6-USE1特异性泛素化通路对应的下游底物并研究其功能。选取并合成靶向USE1基因的特异性shRNA序列,将其克隆至pLL3.7慢病毒抑制表达载体上,构建抑制USE1基因表达的重组慢病毒质粒并鉴定。将鉴定成功的重组质粒与psPAX2、VSVG慢病毒包装载体共转染至HEK-293细胞,收集病毒上清,测定病毒滴度并确定最佳感染稀释倍数,通过qPCR和Western Blot方法检测病毒感染HEK-293细胞后对USE1基因的抑制程度,获得能有效抑制USE1基因的慢病毒上清。结果显示,成功构建3种靶向USE1基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体,获得滴度符合要求的3种慢病毒包装上清液,感染HEK-293细胞后发现,第2、3号shRNA序列均有明显抑制表达USE1基因效果,基因表达抑制率约50%(*P0.05)。利用RNA干扰技术成功构建了特异性抑制泛素结合酶USE1基因表达的慢病毒载体,并经mRNA和蛋白水平检验得到2种能够显著抑制USE1表达的慢病毒上清及其shRNA序列。     

慢病毒siRNA靶向干扰YAP基因胃癌细胞株的建立

目的:构建并鉴定YAP基因短发夹干扰RNA(shRNA)慢病毒载体,建立稳定干扰YAP基因表达的胃癌细胞株SGC7901。方法:荧光定量PCR检测YAP基因在多种胃癌细胞株中的表达情况。构建重组靶向YAP基因的shRNA慢病毒表达质粒PGC-shRNA-YAP,用脂质体转染的方法将载体导入胃癌细胞。经杀稻瘟菌素筛选后,建立稳定表达siRNA的细胞株。荧光定量PCR检测干扰效率。结果:在胃癌细胞株SGC7901中,YAP基因显示高表达。测序验证PGC-shRNA-YAP重组质粒构建成功。将重组质粒稳定转染入胃癌细胞株SGC7901后能明显抑制YAPmRNA表达水平。结论:成功构建了PGC-shRNA-YAP慢病毒重组质粒,建立了靶向稳定干扰YAP基因表达的siRNA胃癌细胞株SGC7901。     

UL27、UL29基因shRNA表达载体的构建及对HSV-2的干扰效应研究

探讨Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒(Herpes simplex virus type 2,HSV-2)UL27、UL29基因联合靶向siRNA对HSV-2复制的影响。构建UL27、UL29基因的siRNA的重组表达载体并转染293细胞,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术和蛋白质印迹方法检测UL27、UL29基因的表达,终点滴定法检测细胞上清液中的各组病毒滴度,MTT法检测细胞的存活率。结果显示:(1)成功构建短发夹RNA(shRNA)重组表达载体。(2)转染后48 h,与空白组(空载体)相比,UL27 shRNA75组对UL27基因mRNA的抑制率为75.17%(P0.05),UL29 shRNA1461组对UL29基因mRNA抑制率为66.08%,具有显著性差异(P0.05)。UL27 shRNA75联合UL29 shRNA1461联合干扰组对UL27基因抑制率约为91.28%,UL29基因表达抑制率约为80.40%,与空白组比较具有显著性差异(P0.05)。(3)终点滴定法结果显示单干扰组和联合干扰组可不同程度降低上清液中的病毒感染滴度,与空白组比较差异性显著(P0.01)。(4)Western blot检测目的基因蛋白,单干扰组与联合干扰组可不同程度降低目的基因蛋白的表达,其中UL27shRNA75+UL29 shRNA1461联合干扰组能显著抑制相应的蛋白表达水平,蛋白表达量明显减少,与单干扰组相比具有显著差异(P0.05)。(5)经MTT法检测,UL27 shRNA75、UL29 shRNA1461、UL27 shRNA75+UL29 shRNA1461联合干扰组的细胞存活率明显提高,差异有显著意义(P0.05)。构建的pGPU6/GFP/Neo-UL27、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-UL29重组表达载体,能在体外细胞水平上不同程度的干扰HSV-2 UL27、UL29基因表达,UL27、UL29联合干扰效率更高,抑制HSV-2在HEK293细胞中复制。     

SUSD2基因干扰表达载体的构建及在A549细胞中鉴定北大核心

[目的]构建SUSD2基因短发夹RNA(shRNA)的表达载体,并在人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)A549细胞中鉴定。[方法]设计合成SUSD2基因shRNA片段,连接到经Bam HⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切的psi-m H1 shRNA载体中,构建干扰表达载体psi-m H1-SUSD2 shRNA,酶切后测序鉴定;将干扰载体psi-m H1-SUSD2 shRNA转染A549细胞,荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western Blot法检测干扰载体的干扰效率。[结果]酶切和测序结果显示成功构建了SUSD2基因shRNA的表达载体,q-PCR和Western Blot结果显示最佳干扰载体可使SUSD2 mRNA相对表达量下调75%以上,并可明显抑制A549细胞中SUSD2蛋白的表达。[结论]成功构建了SUSD2基因干扰表达载体,并在A549细胞中有效干扰SUSD2基因的表达。     

慢病毒siRNA靶向干扰YAP基因胃癌细胞株的建立

目的：构建并鉴定YAP基因短发夹干扰RNA（shRNA）慢病毒载体,建立稳定干扰YAP基因表达的胃癌细胞株SGC7901。方法：荧光定量PCR检测YAP基因在多种胃癌细胞株中的表达情况。构建重组靶向YAP基因的shRNA慢病毒表达质粒PGC-shRNA-YAP,用脂质体转染的方法将载体导入胃癌细胞。经杀稻瘟菌素筛选后,建立稳定表达siRNA的细胞株。荧光定量PCR检测干扰效率。结果：在胃癌细胞株SGC7901中,YAP基因显示高表达。测序验证PGC-shRNA-YAP重组质粒构建成功。将重组质粒稳定转染入胃癌细胞株SGC7901后能明显抑制YAPmRNA表达水平。结论：成功构建了PGC-shRNA-YAP慢病毒重组质粒,建立了靶向稳定干扰YAP基因表达的siRNA胃癌细胞株SGC7901。     

小檗碱通过抑制经典的NLRP3炎症小体活化通路来下调LPS诱导的HUVEC炎症反应*

目的:探讨小檗碱(Berberine, Ber)对脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide, LPS)诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(Human Umbilical VeinEndothelial Cells, HUVEC)炎症反应的抑制作用及相关机制。方法:MTT法检测不同浓度的Ber对HUVEC存活率的影响。以0.05μg/mL LPS刺激HUVEC建立炎症反应模型,并分别给予1.25、2.5、5μM Ber干预,Elisa检测Ber对炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β分泌的影响,免疫印迹法检测Ber对NLRP3炎症小体信号通路中NLRP3、My D88、IL-1β、TLR4、ASC和Caspase-1蛋白表达的影响。结果:不同浓度的Ber对HUVEC增殖均具有抑制作用,且基本呈现浓度梯度,IC50值接近5μM;与LPS组相比,不同浓度Ber(1.25、2.5、5μM)均可以显著下调HUVEC中TNF-α、IL-1β炎症因子的分泌(P0.005及P0.01),并可以显著抑制细胞中NLRP3、My D88、IL-1β、TLR4、ASC和Caspase-1蛋白的表达(P0.05),其抑制作用基本呈剂量关系,以5μM Ber的抑制效果最佳。结论:Ber可以通过抑制经典的NLRP3炎症小体活化通路来下调LPS诱导的HUVEC炎症反应。     

针对核因子-kB P65基因的短发夹干扰RNA逆转录病毒载体构建与鉴定

目的:构建针对人核因子kB亚基P65基因mRNA的短发夹干扰RNA(shRNA)逆转录病毒表达载体,并探讨小干扰RNA(siRNA)靶向抑制NF-kB P65基因表达的作用.方法:根据shRNA设计原则,在人NF-kB P65全长序列中选取合19个核苷酸靶序列,设计形成siRNA的DNA模板并克隆到shRNA表达载体pSUPER.retro.neo中,构建针对NF-kB P65基因的shRNA表达载体.经293A细胞包装,并感染NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定后,感染THP-1细胞.分别采用RT-PCR和Western blot从mRNA和蛋白水平检测干扰效果.结果:限制性酶切和基因测序证实针对人NF-kB P65亚基的shRNA表达逆转录病毒载体成功构建;其感染THP-1细胞后,NF-kB P65的mRNA和蛋白表达明显抑制.结论:成功构建了NF-kB P65 shRNA逆转录病毒表达载体,该载体能高效感染THP-1并明显抑制NF-kB P65的表达.     

水牛MyD88cDNA的克隆与原核表达

采用RT-PCR方法从水牛外周血白细胞总RNA中扩增出髓样分化因子88 (mydoid differentiation factor 88,MyD88) cDNA序列,PCR产物分离纯化后,与pMD20-T载体连接,重组质粒经PCR、酶切鉴定后测序,并进行生物信息学分析;构建pET28a-MyD88表达载体,并将其转化至E.coli BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE、镍柱亲和层析纯化和Western blotting分析.结果显示,克隆到的水牛MyD88 cDNA全长为1 189 bp,含有1个891 bp的开放阅读框,编码296个氨基酸,理论等电点为5.65.经IPTG诱导表达后,得到一个带His·Tag的约39 kD的重组融合蛋白.用抗His单克隆抗体进行Western blotting,得到1条约39 kD特异性抗体结合带,表明水牛MyD88原核表达载体成功构建并表达.本研究为进一步开展水牛MyD88的结构功能分析奠定了基础.     

Mycobacterial infection in MyD88-deficient mice

MyD88 is an adaptor protein that plays a major role in TLR/IL-1 receptor family signaling. To understand the role of MyD88 in the development of murine tuberculosis in vivo, MyD88 knockout (KO) mice aerially were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infected MyD88 mice were not highly susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection, but they developed granulomatous pulmonary lesions with neutrophil infiltration which were larger than those in wild-type (WT) mice (P < 0.01). The pulmonary tissue levels of mRNA for iNOS and IL-18 were slightly lower, but levels of mRNA for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta were higher in MyD88 KO mice. IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-12 also were high in the sera of MyD88 KO mice. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-12, and ICAM-1 mRNA between MyD88 KO and WT mice. Thus, MyD88 deficiency did not influence the development of murine tuberculosis. NF-kappa B activity was similar in the alveolar macrophages from the lung tissues of MyD88 KO and WT mice. Also, there may be a TLR2-specific, MyD88-independent IL-1 receptor/TLR-mediated pathway to activate NF-kappa B in the host defense against mycobacterial infection.     

Iron kinetics effects of 88 millirads

Rats were irradiated with one tibia shielded (95% marrow exposure), total body exposed (TBI, 100%), and only one tibia exposed (5%), or they were sham irradiated (SI, 0%). Plasma Fe-59 clearance time (T _1/2) and Fe-59 content ratio in the right and left tibia (RT/LT) were assayed to determine the erythroid activity of the overall marrow of the animals and the relative marrow activity in the exposed and shielded tibias, respectively. When a major fraction of the overall marrow was shielded or irradiated, the overall erythroid activity levels were identical to those of the SI and TBI animals, respectively. Interestingly, enhanced normoblastosis was observed in the marrow of the exposed tibia of individual animals exhibiting normal erythroid activity in 95% of the marrow. Conversely, localized marrow with normal erythroid activity was found in a shielded tibia of individual rats, demonstrating an enhanced erythroid activity in a major fraction of the total body. It was concluded that 88 mrad can alter marrow functions in a small isolated skeletal region as effectively as in the whole body, and tandem assays of the Fe-59T _1/2 and Fe-59 RT/LT can facilitate ultra-low-dose X-ray studies involved with partial body exposures.     

赤眼鳟MyD88基因cDNA克隆与表达特性研究

实验使用RACE-PCR技术获得了赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)髓样分化因子88 (Myeloid differentiationfactor 88, MyD88)的cDNA全长, 命名为ScMyD88。ScMyD88的cDNA全长为1779 bp, 其中开放阅读框855 bp, 共编码284个氨基酸残基, 推导的蛋白质分子量为33.053 kD, 理论等电点为5.66。赤眼鳟MyD88具有典型的MyD88结构特征, 包括死亡结构域和TIR结构域(Toll-IL-1 receptor domain, TIR), 其氨基酸序列和鲤科鱼类具有高度保守性, 相似性达到了90%以上, 特别是和武昌鱼相比, 相似性达到了98%。在检测的9个赤眼鳟组织和器官中均有MyD88表达, 其中肝脏、头肾和体肾中表达水平最高, 在脑中表达量最低。在草鱼呼肠弧病毒(Grass carp reovirus, GCRV)感染初期(12h内), MyD88在赤眼鳟免疫组织中表达水平急剧上升, 特别是在脾脏和体肾中尤为明显, 随后恢复正常水平。研究表明, MyD88在赤眼鳟抵抗GCRV入侵的免疫应答反应初期发挥了重要作用。     

Atg5 regulates formation of MyD88 condensed structures and MyD88-dependent signal transduction

MyD88 is known as an essential adaptor protein for Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Previous studies have shown that transfected MyD88 forms condensed structures in the cytoplasm. However, upon TLR stimulation, there is little formation of endogenous MyD88 condensed structures. Thus, the formation of MyD88 condensed structures is tightly suppressed, but the mechanism and significance of this suppression are currently unknown. Here we show that Atg5, a key regulatory protein of autophagy, inhibits the formation of MyD88 condensed structures. We found that endogenous MyD88 had already formed condensed structures in Atg5-deficient cells and that the formation of condensed structures was further enhanced by TLR stimulation. This suppressive effect of Atg5 may not be associated with autophagic processes because MyD88 itself was not degraded and because TLR stimulation did not induce LC3 punctate formation and LC3 conversion. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Atg5 could interact with MyD88. Furthermore, Atg5 deficiency increased formation of the MyD88–TRAF6 signaling complex induced by TLR stimulation, and it enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling but not MAPKs and Akt. These findings indicate that Atg5 regulates the formation of MyD88 condensed structures through association with MyD88 and eventually exerts a modulatory effect on MyD88-dependent signaling.     

Clearance of Pneumocystis murina infection is not dependent on MyD88

To determine if myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), which is necessary for signaling by most TLRs and IL-1Rs, is necessary for control of Pneumocystis infection, MyD88-deficient and wild-type mice were infected with Pneumocystis by exposure to infected seeder mice and were followed for up to 106 days. MyD88-deficient mice showed clearance of Pneumocystis and development of anti-Pneumocystis antibody responses with kinetics similar to wild-type mice. Based on expression levels of select genes, MyD88-deficient mice developed immune responses similar to wild-type mice. Thus, MyD88 and the upstream pathways that rely on MyD88 signaling are not required for control of Pneumocystis infection.     

Evidence for linkage between K88ab, K88ac intestinal receptors to Escherichia coli and transferrin loci in pigs

Segregation at the loci coding for the K88ab and K88ac small intestinal receptors to E. coli adhesins (K88abR, K88acR) and at the transferrin (TF) locus was studied in 38 pig families including 273 piglets. The TF locus showed a segregation deviation towards the B variant while each of the K88 receptors behaved as a single autosomal dominant gene. Recombinants between K88abR and K88acR provide evidence that they are under the control of two different loci. Thirty-two triple backcross families were selected to test linkage and estimate recombination rates (θ). Our results demonstrate that the two K88 receptor loci are closely linked (θ= 0.02) with a maximum lod score value (Z_m) of 46.0. In addition, they are linked to the TF locus, θ= 0.14, Z_m= 19.6 for the K88abR locus and θ= 0.16, Z_m= 17.9 for the K88acR locus. The estimated recombination rates, smaller in males than in females, are consistent with the order TF-K88abR-K88acR. This linkage thus localizes the K88 loci, as the TF locus, on chromosome 13.     

MyD88 in myofibroblasts enhances colitis-associated tumorigenesis via promoting macrophage M2 polarization

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鸡MyD88-TIR的同源模建

髓样分化因子(MyD88)是Toll受体(TLR)信号通路中的一个关键接头分子,在传递信息和介导炎症反应中具有重要的作用。对鸡MyD88(Myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88)的TIR(Toll-interleukin1-resistance)区域进行同源建模,并评估其可用性,为进一步研究MyD88与TLR(Toll receptor)相互作用的原理奠定基础。通过结构域分析、模板相似性搜索和序列比对、初始建模、精修和动力学优化,立体化学结构和能量合理性评估,获得未知三维结构的鸡MyD88-TIR三维模型。结果表明,鸡MyD88包含DEATH和TIR两个结构域,所模拟的MyD88-TIR三维模型二面角构象和氨基酸能量分布以及主侧链立体化学特性合理。     

Molecular dynamics simulations on the conformational transitions from the GA98 (GA88) to GB98 (GB88) proteins

We performed conventional and targeted molecular dynamics simulations to address the dynamic transition mechanisms of the conformational transitions from the G_A98 protein with only 1 mutation of Leu45Tyr to G_B98 and from the G_A88 protein with 7 mutations of Gly24Ala, Ile25Thr, Ile30Phe, Ile33Tyr, Leu45Tyr, Ile49Thr, and Leu50Lys to G_B88. The results show that the conformational transition mechanism from the mutated 3α G_A98 (G_A88) state to the α+4β G_B98 (G_B88) state via several intermediate conformations involves the bending of loops at the N and C termini firstly, the unfolding of αA and αC, then the traversing of αB, and the formation of the 4β layer with the conversion of the hydrophobic core. The bending of loops at the N and C termini and the formation of the crucial transition conformation with the full unfolded structure are key factors in their transition processes. The communication of the interaction network, the bending directions of loops, and the traversing site of αB in the transition of G_A98 to G_B98 are markedly different from those in G_A88 to G_B88 because of the different mutated residues. The analysis of the correlations and the calculated mass center distances between some segments further supported their conformational transition mechanisms. These results could help people to better understand the Paracelsus challenge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.