顶空气相色谱法测定奥利司他原料药中有机残留溶剂

目的:建立奥利司他原料药中有机残留溶剂的测定方法。方法:采用顶空气相色谱法,DB-624毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.53mm×5μm),火焰离子化检测器(FID),程序升温测定奥利司他原料药中有机残留溶剂。结果:5种残留溶剂均完全分离,在考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r等于0.9999),回收率符合规定。结论:该方法专属性好,准确度和灵敏度高,可用于奥利司他原料药中残留溶剂的质量控制。     

顶空气相色谱法测定齐拉西酮中残留溶剂

目的:建立测定齐拉西酮残留溶剂的顶空毛细管气相色谱法。方法:采用程序升温法,FID检测器,色谱柱为DB-624毛细管柱(30.0m×0.53mm,df=3.0μm),载气为氮气,进样口温度为250℃,柱温50℃,保持8min,以10℃/min的速度升到150℃,再以50℃/min的速度升到200℃保持6min,检测器温度2 50℃,顶空温度为1 00℃。结果:在该条件下甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙腈、二氯甲烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、甲苯及二甲苯的浓度与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,平均回收率在95%-105%之间,RSD﹤3%,符合药典规定。结论:所用顶空气相色谱法简便、准确、灵敏度高,适用于本药物残留溶剂的测定。     

顶空气相色谱法检测破伤风抗毒素中的甲苯残留量

目的建立检测破伤风抗毒素中甲苯残留量的顶空气相色谱法。方法参照《中国药典》三部(2015版)"残留溶剂测定法",采用Agilent DB-1301毛细管色谱柱(15.0 m×530μm×1.00μm)及氢火焰离子化检测器;顶空进样器各参数分别为:平衡温度70℃,平衡时间30 min,定量环温度80℃,传输线温度90℃,进样量1 m L;气相色谱仪各参数为:进样室温度100℃,柱温箱温度60℃,检测器温度220℃,载气氮气流速5 m L/min,采集时间5min;并对该方法的系统适用性、专属性、线性范围、准确度和精密度、检测限和定量限进行验证及初步应用。结果甲苯保留时间2.429 min,峰面积的RSD为1.9%,以甲苯色谱峰计算得到的理论塔板数N=12 900,甲苯色谱峰与其相邻色谱峰的分离度R=6.03。方法的专属性强,制品中的其他物质不干扰甲苯的出峰;标准曲线的范围为1.0×10-4%~2.0×10-3%,相关系数r大于0.99;加标试验的回收率分别为96.0%~102.9%、100.7%~111.0%,重复性和日间精密度RSD均小于5%。检出限为2.6×10-6%,定量限为1.0×10-5%。测定10批破伤风抗毒素成品和10批破伤风抗毒素原液,其甲苯残留量均低于检出限,远低于规定的限度0.089%。结论该方法简便、快速、准确度、灵敏度高、精密度好,适用于破伤风抗毒素类制品中甲苯残留量的检测。     

气相色谱法检测交联透明质酸中交联剂残留量

目的建立一种二乙烯基砜交联透明质酸中交联剂二乙烯基砜残留量的检测方法。方法采用气相色谱法检测二乙烯基砜残留量,色谱柱为HP-5毛细管色谱柱（Agilent 19091J-413：325℃：30m×320μm×0．25μm）,程序升温,采用FID检测器,载气为氮气。结果二乙烯基砜在1μg／g-50μg／g线性关系良好,线性相关系数r=0．9999,平均回收率为97．8％（RSD为2．6％,n=5）。结论气相检测交联透明质酸中交联剂含量,结果准确,方法简单可靠,可用于交联透明质酸水凝胶产品质量控制。     

A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗及b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量检测方法的建立与验证

目的建立A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量的检测方法并加以验证。方法参照《中华人民共和国药典》三部(2010年版)中"毛细管柱顶空进样等温法",优化色谱条件,建立A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量的检测方法并对该方法进行验证及初步应用。结果色谱条件为顶空平衡温度70℃,顶空平衡时间40 min,汽化室温度200℃,柱箱温度40℃,检测器温度250℃,进样量为1.0 m L,载气(高纯氮气)流量1.3 m L/min,尾吹气(高纯氮气)流量5 m L/min,分流比1∶1。丙酮质量分数在2×10-6~5×10-5范围内具有良好的线性关系(r0.99)。丙酮的平均回收率及相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为86.05%~105.11%及2.1%~9.5%,检测限为2×10-6,定量限为3×10-6。结论本方法的线性、特异性、准确性、重复性等均符合规定,方法准确、稳定,可用于A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量的检测。     

衍生化GC-MS同时测定苍耳子中14种脂肪酸的含量

建立衍生化气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)同时测定苍耳子不同产地及商品药材中14种脂肪酸含量的方法。采用HP-5MS(30.0 m×250μm×0.25μm)毛细管色谱柱,程序升温,初温:80℃,以10℃/min升至195℃,保持2 min,再以3℃/min升至230℃,保持2 min。进样口温度250℃,分流比10∶1,进样量1.0μL,载气为氮气,流速为10 m L/min,对苍耳子不同产地及商品药材脂肪油的甲酯化样品采用SIM模式进行分析。14种脂肪酸的响应峰面积与其相应浓度的线性关系良好(r0.9948),加样回收率为97.02%~100.75%。本方法准确、专属,重复性好,能有效测定苍耳子药材中含有的脂肪酸,为苍耳子药材内在质量的综合评价提供依据。     

气相色谱法同时测定人血清中角鲨烯和5种非胆固醇类固醇的报告

目的:建立气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器同时测定人血清中角鲨烯及2,4-脱氢胆甾烷醇、7-烯胆甾烷醇、菜油固醇、豆固醇和β-谷固醇等5种非胆固醇类固醇的分析方法,为了解患者胆固醇代谢个体差异提供检测手段.方法:通过碱性醇溶液皂化、正己烷提取、硅烷化试剂衍生等步骤对血清样品进行前处理.选用以下条件检测:HP-5石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.32mm×0.25μm);初始柱温150℃,保持3 min,程序升温速率30℃/min至250℃,再以5℃/min升至280℃,保持30 min;氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)温度290℃;进样口温度290℃;进样口压力:15 psi;不分流模式;进样1μL.结果:角鲨烯、2,4-脱氢胆甾烷醇、7-烯胆甾烷醇、菜油固醇、豆固醇和β-谷固醇的检出限分别为0.011 mg/dL,0.0058mg/dL,0.018mg/dL,0.0089mg/dL,0.047mg/dL,0.018 mg/dL;加标回收率分别为在95～102%之间,日内变异系数为0.98%～2.71%(n=5),日间变异系数为1.26%～5.83%(n=5).结论:气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测法可同时测定人血清中角鲨烯和5种非胆固醇类固醇,并具有良好的准确度和精密性,12h内的稳定性好,可用于患者胆固醇代谢个体差异分析.     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定异丙托溴铵中7种残留有机溶剂

目的: 建立顶空毛细管气相色谱法, 测定异丙托溴铵中甲醇?丙酮?异丙醇?二氯甲烷?乙酸乙酯?三氯甲烷?甲苯等7 种有机溶剂残留量。方法: 色谱柱:DM-624( 聚乙二醇PEG-20M) 毛细管柱(30.0m×0.53mm,3.00μm)；载气: 氮气, 流速为2.0mL·min-1；柱温:程序升温, 初始温度为40℃ , 保持5min, 然后以6℃·min-1 升温到150℃ , 再以50℃·min-1 升温到230℃ , 保持3min；检测器: 氢火焰离子化检测器, 温度为250℃；进样口温度:240℃；顶空进样量:1.0mL。结果: 甲醇?丙酮?异丙醇?二氯甲烷?乙酸乙酯?三氯甲烷和甲苯分别在15.02~900.92mg·L-1(r=0.9999)、21.03~1262.00mg·L-1(r=0.9999)、21.30~1278.16mg·L-1(r=0.9999)、7.80~468.25mg·L-1(r=0.9998)、22.22~1332.97mg·L-1(r=0.9999)、0.31~18.79mg·L-1(r=0.9992) 和3.48~209.02mg·L-1(r=0.9998) 范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.1%(RSD=0.19%)、100.1%(RSD=1.08%)、101.4%(RSD=1.03%)、98.1%(RSD=0.40%)、98.1%(RSD=1.55%)、98.9%(RSD=3.08%) 和101.8%(RSD=2.12%)。结论: 该方法简便?灵敏?重复性好, 结果准确, 适用于异丙托溴铵中残留有机溶剂的检测。     

牛磺熊去氧胆酸的合成进展

牛磺熊去氧胆酸是由熊去氧胆酸的羧基和牛磺酸的氨基之间缩水而形成的结合型胆汁酸。主要介绍了目前四种牛磺熊去氧胆酸合成方法,并对四种方法的优缺点进行了全面的评价,从而为牛磺熊去氧胆酸的合理开发和利用提供思路。     

基于气相色谱-质谱法测定塞来昔布中磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质的残留量

为了建立一种测定塞来昔布原料药及其制剂中塞来昔布磺酸甲酯和塞来昔布磺酸乙酯残留量的气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析方法,采用碘化钠衍生-顶空进样,将两杂质衍生成碘甲烷和碘乙烷,DB624毛细管色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm,1.4μm)分离,氦气为载气,质谱检测器检测。塞来昔布磺酸甲酯和塞来昔布磺酸乙酯均在10～500 ng·m L^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好;回收率在80.87%～106.52%,RSD小于10%;定量限均为10 ng·m L^-1。所有塞来昔布样品中均未检测出塞来昔布磺酸甲酯和塞来昔布磺酸乙酯杂质。该方法简便准确,可用于塞来昔布中塞来昔布磺酸甲酯和塞来昔布磺酸乙酯2个磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质的检测。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.