Inherited translocations in two families (t(14q+;10q−) and t(13q−;21q+))

Summary Two families with reciprocal translocations (t(14q+;10q–) and t(13q–;21q+)) are described. In both families the proband had multiple congenital anomalies and an unbalanced karyotype, 46,XY,14q+ and 46,XX,21q+ respectively. Routine, autoradiographic and fluorescence techniques were used for analysis of karyotype of probands and their relatives. The probands' phenotypes and the results of their family members' dermatoglyphic analysis are presented in detail.

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Zusammenfassung Zwei Familien mit reziproker Translokation (t(14q+;10q–) und t(13q–;21q+)) werden beschrieben. In beiden Familien weist der Proband multiple angeborene Mißbildungen und einen unbalancierten Karyotyp (46,XY,14q+ bzw. 46,XX,21q+) auf. Für die Analyse aller untersuchten Personen wurden neben der Routine-Methode autoradiographische und Fluorescenz-Methoden verwendet. Die Phänotypen der Probanden sowie die Ergebnisse einer Analyse der Dermatoglyphen bei ihren Familienangehörigen werden genau beschrieben.

     

Autoradiographische Identifizierung der an zentrischen Fusionen beteiligten D-Chromosomen bei fünf nichtverwandten Familien: t(14qGq); t(14qGq); t(15qGq); t(13q14q); t(13q15q)

Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über autoradiographische Untersuchungen der D-Chromosomen bei 5 nichtverwandten Familien mit Fusionstranslokationen. Aus der Literatur sind bislang 54 ähnliche Fälle bekannt, die zumeist über klinisch auffällige Individuen entdeckt wurden. Innerhalb dieser Stichprobe ist die Häufigkeit, mit der bestimmte akrozentrische Chromosomen miteinander fusionieren, nicht zufällig. Als mögliche Ursachen werden einerseits die Auswahl der Stichprobe und andererseits einige cytogenetische Mechanismen diskutiert. Erst über auslesefreie cytogenetische Populationsuntersuchungen kann entschieden werden, inwieweit die in der Stichprobe beobachteten Häufigkeiten mit denen in der Durch-schnittsbevölkerung übereinstimmen.

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Autoradiographic identification of D-group chromosomes involved in robertsonian translocation. A study of five unrelated families: t(14qG1); t(14qGq); t(t5qGq); t(13q14q); t(13q15q)

Summary DNA replication studies were carried out on the D-group chromosomes involved in the centric-fusion type chromosomal disorder in members of 5 non-related families. Ascertainement of similiar cases thus far has, almost exclusively, been achieved by investigation of non-balanced carriers. Within a total of 54 patients reported in the literature autoradiography revealed D-acrocentrics to be non-randomly involved. This might be due to ascertainement bias or to endogenous chromosomal mechanisms, as is discussed. It is considered impossible, however, to provide further evidence for the presumed excess of some types of translocation unless selection-free samples have been investigated.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

罕见的45,XY,t(14q14q)、45,XX,t(13q13q)致习惯性流产两例报告

本实验室发现两例十分罕见的同源染色体之间的罗式易位病例,核型分别为45,XY,t(14q14q)、45,XX,t(13q13q)现报告如下。 病例报告 例1:男,28岁,汉族,其妻子30岁,孕早期自然流产4次(孕8周1次,孕7周3次),妇科检查未见异常,诊断为习惯性流产。外周血淋巴细胞染色体检查:共分析30个分裂相,每     

遗传性平衡易位t(3; 22) (p21; q13）家系

本文报道一例t(3; 22) (p21; q13）平衡 相互易位的家系。先证者，男性，一岁半，淋巴 细胞及皮肤成纤维细胞G带分析结果：核型均 为46, XY, t(3; 22)(p21；q13）或46, XY,t(3; 22)(3gter” 3p21：：22813” 22gter；2 2 pter” 22gl3::3p21” 3 pter )；先证者母亲（图1）与 外祖母核型均为46, XX, t(3; 22)(p21; q13) 或46, XX, t(3; 22)(3gter、3p21：:22813一 22gter; 22pter～ 22813：:3p21一3pter)。经银 染与G带复合显示技术，先证者及母亲的22der 可见清晰的AgNOR区。先证者的父亲与舅父 G带分析核型正常。在此情况下，有生育正常 婴儿的可能，但必须作产前诊断。     

罕见的45, XY,t (14gl4q), 45,XX,t (13gl3q)致习惯性流产两例报告

本实验室发现两例十分罕见的同源染色体之间的罗式易位病例,核型分别为45,XY,t(14gq14q), 45,XX, t(13q13q）现报告如下。     

一例带有t(4;13)染色体易位的4q部分三体型(4q25→4qter)男孩

本文报告一例带有t(4;13)染色体易位的4q部分三体型男孩,主诉间歇性肢体痉挛,并有多指畸形,双耳低位及上腭高尖,经外周血淋巴细胞G显带染色体分析,核型为46,XY,-13, der(13),t(4;13)(13pter→13q34∷4q25→4qter)。其母亲核型正常,父亲和伯父核型均为46,XY,t(1;4)(1pter→1q43∷4q25→4qter;4pter→4q25∷1q43→1qter),认为患儿的4q部分三体片段(4q25→4qter)得自父亲。     

Partial trisomy 13q21→qter de novo due to a recombinant chromosome rec(13)dup q

Summary A female is described who has a karyotype with an additional distal half of 13q in a recombinant rec(13)dup q chromosome. Since her parents have normal karyotypes, the origin of her karyotype is assumed to be a premeiotic pericentric inversion de novo with crossing-over within the inversion loop at meiosis. By means of various banding techniques, the breaks preceding the rearrangement could be located exactly. The joint between the duplicated segment and the satellites of the receptor chromosome is of special note. The phenotype of the patient stated at the age of 9 months and at the age of 71/2 years was found to be related to the segments involved in the partial trisomy. The clinical features were largely in accordance with previous case reports having an identical extent of the triplicated 13q segment.     

Familial translocation t(3q+;8q−) studied by banding with Giemsa staining

Summary We have studied in cultured blood lymphocytes a familial translocation by banding with Giemsa staining, and have unequivocally identified the translocated chromosomes as Nos. 3 and 8, and besides we have established without doubt that the translocation has occurred between the short arm of chromosome No. 3 and the long arm of chromosome No. 8.

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Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Bandenmustern, die mit Giemsafärbung zu erzielen sind, wurde eine familiäre Translokation in Lymphocytenkulturen untersucht. Die translozierten Chromosomen konnten eindeutig als Nr. 3 und Nr. 8 identifiziert werden; außerdem wurde zweifelsfrei festgestellt, daß die Translokation zwischen dem kurzen Arm von Nr. 3 und dem langen Arm von Nr. 8 erfolgt ist.

     

Possible complex translocation t(9; 14; 13)(q12;pl?;q31) in mother of a child with 9p-trisomy syndrome

Summary A mentally retarded boy with trisomy 9p is described. This trisomy arose through aberrant segregation of translocation chromosome during meiosis in his mother, who has a complex translocation involving chromosomes 9, 13, and 14. Based on both G-, Q-banding, and DNA replication patterns, the patient's karyotype was identified as 47,XY,-13, +(9;13) (9pter9q12::13q3113qter), +t(13;14) (13pter13q31::14pl?14pter). We suppose his mother's karyotype to be 46,XX,-9,-13,-14,+t(9;13) (9pterq12::13q3113qter), +t(13;14) (13pter13q31::14pl?14pter), +t(9;14) (9qter9q12::14pl?14qter). His phenotypically normal brother and sister are also carriers, having the same translocation chromosome as their mother. Clinical findings of the patient included peculiar face with hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge and deformed helix, marked delay of osseous development, hypoplastic phalangia in fingers and toes, dysplastic nails and absence of digital triradii.     

一家系三例rcp(5; 11)(q35；q13）核型报告

我室在1983年和1986年两次对一家系成员作染色体检查和家系调查，发现7人中有3例rcp (5;11)'(q35; q13）平衡易位患者。查阅文献［1,4,6,9],国内外尚无报道。     

A boy with 47,X,del(X)(p11→q13::q21→q24),del(Y)(q11)

Summary A patient is described carrying a duplication 4p12pter due to a paternal translocation: 46,XY,t(4;16) (p12;p13). Involvement of chromosome No. 16 and the heterogeneity of the clinical picture in cases with dup (4p) are discussed.Postdoctoral fellow of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

一例t(15q;Yq)的家系调查分析

本文报道一例遗传性t(15q;Yq)的家族遗传病。经外周血淋巴细胞培养,进行G-显带、C-显带、Q-荧光显带、Ag-NOR、X小体、Y小体等项检查,其染色体除先证者具有正常女性核型外,多余出Y长臂的荧光区部分,核型为46,XX,—15+t(15q;Yq)。家族中的5名主要成员中,3名男性均有一条与先证者相同的衍生染色体,核型为46,XY,—15+t(15q;Yq)为Y长臂部分二体型,其表型正常,并有生育能力。现将调查分析结果报道如下。     

一例t(15q;Yq）的家系调查分析

本文报道一例遗传性t(1匆;Yq）的家族遗 传病。经外周血淋巴细胞培养,进行G一显带、 C一显带、Q-荧光显带、Ag-NOR, X小体、Y小 体等项检查,其染色体除先证者具有正常女性 核型外,多余出Y长臂的荧光区部分,核型为 46, XX, -15 -h t(15q;Yq)。家族中的,名主 要成员中,3名男性均有一条与先证者相同的 衍生染色体,核型为46,XY,一15＋t(15q; Yq) 为Y长臂部分二体型,其表型正常,并有生育能 力。现将调查分析结果报道如下。     

inv(13)(p12;q14)一家系报道

先证者,女,汉族,２４岁,身高１．６１米,体重６０．１公斤。因连续生两胎畸形儿夭折就诊。第一胎为足月顺产,唇裂、腭裂、双足各为６趾,５０天时因呼吸道感染而死亡。第二胎,足月顺产,体征似第一胎,生下两天死亡。对先证者进行外周血染色体检查,计数５０个细胞...     

Retinoblastoma,gross internal malformations,and deletion 13q14→q31

Summary A male patient with an interstitial deletion 13q14q31 is described. Our necropsy findings included a left retinoblastoma and several gross internal malformations. In this paper we reaffirm that band 13q14 is involved in cases of retinoblastoma and we propose, after studying accompanying cases of total or partial long arm trisomies 13, that the loss of specific 13q bands, from 13q14 to 13q31 is responsible for the congenital defects we are describing.     

Characterisation of interstitial duplications and triplications of chromosome 15q11–q13

Chromosome 15 is frequently involved in the formation of structural rearrangements. We report the molecular characterisation of 16 independent interstitial duplications, including those of one individual who carried a duplication on both of her chromosomes 15, and three interstitial triplications of the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region (PWACR). In all probands except one, the rearrangement was maternal in origin. In one family, the duplication was paternal in origin, yet appeared to segregate in a sibship of three with an abnormal phenotype that included developmental delay and a behavioural disorder. Ten duplications were familial, five de novo and one unknown. All 16 duplications, including two not visible by routine G-banding, were of an almost uniform size and shared the common deletion breakpoints of Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. Like deletions, the formation of duplications can occur in both male and female meiosis and involve both inter- and intrachromosomal events. This implies that at least some deletions and duplications are the reciprocal products of each other. We observed no instances of meiotic instability in the transmission of a duplication, although recombination within the PWACR occurred in two members of the same family between the normal and the duplicated chromosome 15 homologues. All three triplications arose de novo and included alleles from both maternal chromosomes 15. Triplication breakpoints were more variable and extended distally beyond the PWACR. The molecular characteristics of duplications and triplications suggest that they are formed by different mechanisms.     

Un cas de rétinoblastome bilatéral avec monosomie 13 partielle (q12→q14)

Résumé Une fillette légèrement arriérée mentale, et pratiquement non malformée, est atteinte d'un rétinoblastome bilatéral. Son caryotype leucocytaire montre une monosomie 13 partielle par délétion (q12q14). La synthèse de toutes les observations de rétinoblastome avec délétion du chromosome 13, examinées en techniques de bandes, paraît montrer que le point commun en est la délétion de la bande q14. L'hypothèse pathogénique la plus probable fait appel au phénomène de l' «haplo-insuffisance».

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Summary A partial monosomy 13 by interstitial deletion was found in the complement of a girl with mild mental retardation and bilateral retinoblastoma. Break points were at 13q12 and 13q14. After comparison with other known observations of retinoblastoma with deletion of chromosome 13, it is suggested that the deletion common to these patients may be band 13q14. The most likely pathogenic hypothesis seems to be the haplo-insufficiency.

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A newborn child with karyotype 47,XX,+der(12) (12pter→12q12::8q24→8qter),t(8;12) (q24;q12) pat

Summary A case of Meckel or Gruber syndrome is reported, together with a survey of the relevant literature of recent years (1971–1977), in reference to a probably autosomal recessive inheritance of this malformation.     

Sublocalization of the human protein C gene on chromosome 2q13–q14

Summary The localization of human protein C gene on chromosome 2 was investigated by in situ hybridization using a partial cDNA for protein C. Silver-grain analysis indicates that the protein C gene is located on 2q13-q14.