植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03对TNBS诱导小鼠结肠炎的缓解作用

目的为阐明益生菌抗氧化与结肠炎的关系,对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03缓解三硝基苯磺酸(trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎进行探究。方法通过对BALB/c小鼠肛门注射TNBS,构建小鼠结肠炎模型;分别采用植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03的单菌悬液(10~9CFU/mL)及1:1混合菌悬液(10~9CFU/mL)进行8 d灌胃治疗。结果治疗组小鼠结肠组织炎性细胞浸润症状获得缓解,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)(t_1=3.247,P_10.05;t_2=3.397,P_20.05)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)(t_1=5.289,P10.001;t_2=3.563,P_20.05)和总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)(t_1=3.317,P_10.05;t_2=3.551,P_20.05)活性均有显著恢复。结论植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03可通过增强机体抗氧化酶活性,起到缓解TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的作用。     

思连康对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数的影响

目的研究双歧杆菌四联活菌片(商品名:思连康)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。方法将SPF小鼠30只随机分成三组,每组10只,Ⅰ组灌胃生理盐水,Ⅱ组灌胃婴儿双歧杆菌菌悬液,Ⅲ组灌胃双歧杆菌四联活菌片菌悬液,每天给药0.5 mL,菌液浓度为1.0×10~8 CFU/mL,连续给药10 d后小鼠腹腔注入2%鸡红细胞悬液1 mL(红细胞数量为2×10~8个/mL),30 min后处死,取小鼠腹腔洗液,观察并记录吞噬鸡红细胞的巨噬细胞数及被吞噬的鸡红细胞数,计算吞噬率及吞噬指数。结果与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数均显著升高(Ps0.05),其中Ⅲ组高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片及其婴儿双歧杆菌通过提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数提高机体的免疫力。     

双歧杆菌对小鼠肠道树突状细胞数量的影响

目的研究双歧杆菌对小鼠肠道树突状细胞(dendritic ce ll,DC)数量的影响。方法分别采用活双歧杆菌菌液(1×109CFU/m l)、灭活双歧杆菌菌液(1×109CFU/m l)、双歧杆菌耗尽培养上清(Spen t cu lturesupernatan t,SCS)、无菌生理盐水给BALB/c小鼠灌胃,均为0.5 m l/(只.d),连续7 d,取小肠空、回肠段,SP免疫组织化学法分析检测肠道DC数量。结果DC分布于整个空、回肠的黏膜固有层。细胞大小不一,外形不规则,胞核外形亦不规则,多数呈偏心位,且DC有不规则突起,与周围细胞有紧密的接触。计数发现,双歧杆菌灌胃后小鼠小肠黏膜固有层DC数量增加(P<0.05),以活菌作用最明显,死菌次之,培养上清作用最弱,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论外源性双歧杆菌能增加小鼠小肠黏膜固有层中DC的数量,活菌作用最明显。提示双歧杆菌通过胃肠道途径可能影响DC的分化、发育;对DC的作用可能就是双歧杆菌影响机体免疫功能的重要环节;且保持活菌状态对机体免疫有重要作用。     

脂磷壁酸的提取工艺及免疫功能的研究

目的确定婴儿双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸（LTA）的最佳提取工艺及其免疫调节作用。方法通过对不同方法提取婴儿双歧杆菌LTA的测定及对植瘤小鼠淋巴细胞的转化来探讨LTA对小鼠细胞免疫的调节作用。结果采用脱脂后水法提取效果最好,与对照组和全菌组相比,LTA使淋巴细胞转化增加。结论婴儿双歧杆菌及其LTA均有免疫功能,但LTA的效果要优于婴儿双歧杆菌。     

分离自婴儿粪便的嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的常温保存探究

目的:试验不同的保护剂成分配方,探究分离自婴儿粪便的2种益生菌(嗜酸乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌)在常温条件下保持较高活性的可行方法。方法:利用均匀设计实验方法设计保护剂配方,用于保存特定高活性高稳定性的菌种,在不同时间点检测活菌数,分析数据得出最佳保护剂成分比例。结果:嗜酸乳杆菌10A31保护剂最佳配方为:海藻糖∶谷氨酸∶天冬氨酸=5∶24∶24;长双歧杆菌11A11保护剂最佳配方为:海藻糖∶谷氨酸∶麦芽糖=34∶11∶10;用最佳保护剂配方保存后,嗜酸乳杆菌10A31在200 d时的菌落计数结果为3.87×109CFU/g,长双歧杆菌11A11在160 d时为1.53×109CFU/g,均具有较高的活性。结论:最佳保护剂配方使2个菌种常温保存期至160 d。     

湖南黑茶对小鼠辐射损伤的保护作用

研究湖南黑茶对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。本研究采用外周血液学指标、免疫系统指标、体内抗氧化指标超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)及存活时间考察黑茶对辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用。结果显示,小鼠受到137Cs-γ6.5 Gy的照射后,与单纯照射组相比,黑茶能明显提高小鼠的外周血白细胞数(white blood cell,WBC)、股骨有核细胞数(the number of bone narrow nucleated cells,BMNC)、骨髓DNA含量以及脾结节数(colony forming unit-spleen,CFU-S),差异具有显著性(P0.05);小鼠受到137Cs-γ6.0 Gy后,与单纯照射组相比,黑茶可显著提高小鼠肝组织和肺组织中SOD的活力,差异具有显著性(P0.05);黑茶可使受照(8.0Gy)小鼠存活天数由8.6±1.96 d延长到11.13±2.75 d。提示黑茶有较好辐射防护的作用。     

干酪乳杆菌LC2W菌体的抗高血压作用

为探索干酪乳杆菌LC2W抗高血压作用的活性成分,收集了采用MRS液体培养基培养的干酪乳杆菌LC2W菌体,洗涤后重悬到10%(w/w)无菌脱脂乳中,至终浓度为1010CFU/mL。将菌悬液分成两组,一组直接进行冷冻干燥(活菌组);另一组在100℃水浴10 min后再进行冷冻干燥(灭活组)。按2.0×109CFU/Kg的剂量(活菌组)或相当浓度的灭活菌体对鼠龄17~18周的自发性高血压大鼠单次或连续灌胃15日,每日一次,对照组给予同样体积的脱脂乳。采用尾环法测定大鼠的收缩压和心率。连续灌胃试验中,于灌胃后4 h测定大鼠的收缩压(Systolic blood Pressure,SBP)和心律(Heart rate,HR)。采用称重法测定大鼠第1 d和第15 d时的体重。结果表明,灌喂LC2W菌体可以显著降低SHR的收缩压,这种作用在灌胃后4 h最显著(P<0.01);在连续灌胃试验中,无论是活菌组还是灭活组在第1、4、8、11和15 d都有显著的抗高血压作用(P<0.01)。未观察到LC2W菌体对实验动物心律和体重有明显的影响。上述结果表明在干酪乳杆菌菌体中存在热稳定性、具有抗高血压作用的物质。     

小鼠低剂量辐射损伤模型的初步研究

目的:对小鼠低剂量辐射损伤模型进行初步研究并筛选敏感检测指标.方法:实验分7组,1组为正常组,其余6组用XHA600直线加速器射线照射,每组取一部分小鼠于照射后2、4、8、16h测定红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)和血红蛋白(HGB)含量;测定小鼠肝脏和脾脏重量及其组织中的超氧化合物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量;剩余小鼠于4周后观察骨髓切片中血细胞变化.结果:照射后4h测定血常规,发现累积辐射0.4Gy组小鼠RBC有降低趋势,WBC、HGB显著降低,PLT显著升高;肝脏、脾脏的湿质量显著降低;小鼠肝脏组织中MDA的含量显著升高、SOD的活力显著降低;4周后小鼠骨髓细胞的病理改变与单次照射剂量相关,单次较大剂量(如0.6Gy)照射对骨髓细胞影响较大,在4周观察期不能自身恢复,而多次累积照射对骨髓细胞病理改变较小.结论:小鼠低剂量辐射损伤模型的最佳造模剂量为累积照射0.4Gy即每次照射100mGy,间隔一天,连续照射4次.     

人母乳中分离的链球菌菌悬液的制备及其对新生小鼠成活率的影响

为研究出生至4周龄每天口服107CFU母乳链球菌对新生小鼠的影响,需要制备在-80℃冻存4周、解冻后仍有至少1á×109 CFU/mL活菌的菌悬液.前期分离到人母乳链球菌Streptococus salivarius F286和S.parasanguinis F278.S.salivarius F286和 S.parasanguinis F278在 M17液体培养基厌氧生长至平台期时,活菌浓度高于1×109CFU/mL,分别用M17、M17+10％脱脂牛乳、磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)、PBS+10％脱脂牛乳将平台期的 S.salivarius F286和 S.parasanguinis F278制成不浓缩或5倍浓缩的菌悬液,-80℃冻存4周后,只有PBS+10％脱脂牛乳制备的5倍浓缩的S.salivarius F286菌悬液和M17制备的S.parasanguinis F278菌悬液解冻后活菌数量始终高于1×109 CFU/mL.因为化学成分复杂的M17培养基可能影响动物的代谢和免疫,因此用含有PBS、10％脱脂牛乳和链球菌的菌悬液口饲动物.仔鼠出生后1～14 d,每天口饲解冻的、含有107CFUS.salivariusF286的PBS+10％脱脂牛乳菌悬液,或者新鲜制备的、含有107 CFU S.parasanguinis F278的PBS菌悬液以及等体积20％脱脂牛乳,仔鼠成活率约为83％(其余仔鼠死于母鼠拒绝喂养),说明107 CFU的S.salivarius F286或S.parasanguinis F278不会引起仔鼠感染死亡.本研究中,我们比较不同方法制备的菌悬液在-80℃冻存后细菌的存活量,确定最优的菌悬液制备方法,并评估细菌对仔鼠成活率的影响,确定了两株母乳链球菌的生物安全性,本实验流程对制备和保存用于灌胃/口饲动物的其他种类细菌的菌悬液具有借鉴意义.     

双歧杆菌C57BL小鼠抗辐射能力的研究

目的探讨双歧杆菌对电离辐射损伤的防护作用。方法选用SPF级C57BL小鼠30只,随机分成3组（每组10只）：A组：正常对照组;B组：放射损伤组;C组：双歧处理组,用双歧杆菌菌悬液灌肠28 d后,然后与放射损伤组一同进行^60Coγ射线一次性全身照射,形成急性放射损伤。24 h后按不同要求采集标本,对肝组织分别进行SOD和CAT活力及MDA的含量检测;用电镜观察脊神经组织细胞的超微结构;对脾脏组织用RT-PCR检测TLR2 mRNA水平的表达;并对肾脏组织用免疫组化检测bcl-2、NF-κBp65和Cytochrome C的蛋白表达情况。结果双歧杆菌处理组肝组织中SOD和CAT水平明显高于放射损伤组（P〈0.01）,同时MDA明显低于放射损伤组（P〈0.01）;电镜结果显示：放射损伤组与双歧处理组的细胞浆、细胞核和线粒体均明显肿胀,双歧处理组同时具有早期凋亡现象;RT-PCR结果显示：双歧处理组TLR2 mRNA的表达明显高于放射损伤组;免疫组化结果显示：双歧处理组Cytochrome C的表达明显优于放射损伤组,而NF-κBp65和bcl-2则相反。结论双歧杆菌可通过清除自由基、抗膜脂质氧化、提高免疫机能和诱导细胞凋亡等方式来降低辐射对小鼠的损伤。双歧杆菌具有一定的抗辐射作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.