鲤鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取及其性质研究

首先对鲤鱼鱼皮的成分进行了研究,通过凯氏定氮、索式抽提、高温灰化、直接干燥法测定了鱼皮的蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、水分含量。通过粘度测定法得到鱼皮胶原蛋白的变性温度为28℃左右;紫外可见光谱扫描的结果证明鱼皮胶原蛋白在228 nm有一最大吸收峰;SDS-PAGE电泳初步确定鱼皮胶原蛋白是I型胶原蛋白;酶解实验进一步证实了鱼皮同鱼鳞、鱼骨的胶原蛋白在结构上具有很大的相似性。     

烟草生产废弃物提取烟碱的研究

从烟草生产废弃物中提取的烟碱是重要的医药和化工原料,本研究分析了不同烟草类型的废弃物烟碱含量,论述了烟碱在医药、农药和卷烟添加剂方面的用途,作为废物利用,开发天然产物具有十分重要的经济价值。     

人胎盘中胶原蛋白的提取和表征

采用碱-酶结合法以人胎盘为原料提取胶原蛋白,并使用原子力显微镜(AFM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、圆二色光谱(CD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对所得胶原蛋白产品进行表征。结果表明:此工艺路线的胶原蛋白得率高,达到0.102%;提取时间由48 h以上减少到24 h以内,而且所得胶原蛋白分子完整地保留了其螺旋纤维结构。此法是从人胎盘中提取胶原蛋白的一种行之有效的方法。     

乌贼皮胶原蛋白的提取及结构表征

为了充分利用乌贼加工废弃物,分析了乌贼皮的基本组成成分,优化了从乌贼皮中提取胶原蛋白的工艺条件,并利用SDS-PAGE垂直电泳、紫外扫描和傅里叶变换红外光谱对所提取的胶原蛋白进行了结构表征.结果表明,乌贼皮中含有大量胶原蛋白,可作为胶原蛋白来源的补充.采用酸酶复合提取胶原蛋白的最佳条件为:酒石酸浓度为0.1mol/L,胃蛋白酶添加量为1400U/g,料液比为1:20(m:V,原料),4℃提取18h,提取率为12.08％.SDS-PAGE垂直电泳、紫外扫描和傅里叶变换红外光谱的结果表明,采用酸酶复合法从乌贼皮中提取的胶原蛋白为I型胶原蛋白,保持了完整的三螺旋结构.     

制革废弃物中氨基酸的提取和分离

综述了制革废弃物中氨基酸的提取及分离技术的发展状况 ,包括如何从制革厂回收的毛中提取胱氨酸等氨基酸以及如何从皮屑和铬革屑中提取脯氨酸等各种氨基酸的方法     

胶原蛋白与Ⅵ型胶原蛋白的结构概述

描述了胶原蛋白的结构和Ⅵ型胶原蛋白的结构以及胶原蛋白的应用 ,并对人类胶原蛋白的生产进行了展望。     

木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱼鳞提取胶原蛋白的工艺研究

用木瓜蛋白酶水解鱼鳞提取胶原蛋白,对影响酶解过程的的主要因素(酶量、温度、底物浓度)分别作为单因素进行了实验。并通过正交实验得到鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取条件的优化组合,同时对提取物进行了分析检测。结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶对鱼鳞有较好的水解效果,酶用量宜采用4g/L,最佳温度为60℃,底物浓度宜选择20%。     

鱼鳞中胶原蛋白的提取纯化及应用

总结了鱼鳞中胶原蛋白的提取、分离和纯化方法及其结构特点、生物学功能,并探讨了其在食品、生物、医学、造纸、饲料等方面的应用及发展前景。     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取及对成纤维细胞功能的影响

通过水提法提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白,分离大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞,观察鱼鳞胶原蛋白对成纤维细胞增殖,细胞内血小板衍生因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)、转化生长因子β(transforming growth factorβ,TGFβ)mRNA表达、蛋白合成及cGMP含量的影响。结果发现:鱼鳞胶原蛋白可促进成纤维细胞增殖,并呈一定的剂量依赖关系,当质量浓度达到40mg/L时,增值率可达42.75%;鱼鳞胶原蛋白能通过促进cGMP合成,明显促进成纤维细胞PDGF、TGFβmRNA表达及蛋白合成,当质量浓度为40mg/L时,PDGF、TGFβmRNA表达量分别为对照组的1.514±0.047和1.595±0.032倍。水提法提取的鱼鳞胶原蛋白具有良好的相容性,可促进成纤维细胞增殖及活化,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Biofuels from food processing wastes

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Microbial growth on peptones from fish industrial wastes

Industrial fish peptone was an excellent substrate for biomass production in solid and submerged fermentations. The maximal growth rates of several microorganisms were two to three times higher than those grown on beef (bacto)peptones and the final biomass concentrations were almost twice as great as those grown on beef peptones. Fish peptones did not increase the production of secondary metabolites relative to those produced on beef peptones in non-optimized media. Fish peptone has promising potential as a substrate for biomass production.     

Extraction and electrospinning of gelatin from fish skin

Ultra-fine gelatin fibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning from the solutions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin-extracted gelatin in either acetic acid or formic acid aqueous solutions. The extracted gelatin contained 7.3% moisture, 89.4% protein, 0.3% lipid, and 0.4% ash contents (on the basis of wet weight), while the bloom gel strength, the shear viscosity, and the pH values were 328 g, 17.8 mPa s, and 5.0, respectively. Both the acid concentration and the concentration of the gelatin solutions strongly influenced the properties of the as-prepared solutions and the obtained gelatin fibers. At low acid concentrations (i.e., 15% (w/v) extracted gelatin solutions in 10 and 20% (v/v) acetic acid solvents or 10-60% (v/v) formic acid solvents), a combination between smooth and beaded fibers was observed. At low concentrations of the gelatin solutions in either 40% (v/v) acetic acid solvent or 80% (v/v) formic acid solvent (i.e., 5-11%, w/v), either discrete beads or beaded fibers were obtained, while, at higher concentrations (i.e., 14-29%, w/v), only smooth or a combination of smooth and beaded fibers were obtained. The average diameters of the obtained fibers, regardless of the types of the acid solvents used, ranged between 109 and 761 nm. Lastly, cross-linking of the obtained gelatin fiber mats with glutaraldehyde vapor caused slight shrinkage from their original dimension, and the cross-linked gelatin fiber mats became stiffer.     

Acid-hydrolysis of fish wastes for lactic acid fermentation

In this study, two acid-hydrolysis processes, process A and process B, were proposed to produce low-cost nutrients for the production of lactic acid. Process A was a direct way to hydrolyze protein with diluted acid while process B was process A plus fish wastes pretreatment (an extraction by water). The two methods could both treat fish wastes to be suitable nutrient sources for promoting lactic acid production. As the pretreatment indicated some favorable effect on fish waste hydrolyzate (FWH), process B increased lactic acid productivity by 22%. Compared with 20 g/L yeast extract (YE), 6.8% FWH hydrolyzed by process B had more efficiency in lactic acid production, indicating that process B was suitable to produce high performance nutrients for lactic acid production and FWH hydrolyzed by process B would be an substitute for YE.     

Anaerobic batch co-digestion of sisal pulp and fish wastes

Co-digestion of various wastes has been shown to improve the digestibility of the materials and biogas yield. Batchwise digestion of sisal pulp and fish waste was studied both with the wastes separately and with mixtures in various proportions. While the highest methane yields from sisal pulp and fish waste alone were 0.32 and 0.39 m3 CH4/kg volatile solids (VS), respectively, at total solid (TS) of 5%, co-digestion with 33% of fish waste and 67% of sisal pulp representing 16.6% of TS gave a methane yield of 0.62 m3 CH4/kg VS added. This is an increase of 59-94% in the methane yield as compared to that obtained from the digestion of pure fractions at 5% TS.     

Aerobic processing of the organic wastes into compost

The review is devoted to modern achievement in area of the aerobic processing of the organic wastes in compost for improvement of an ecological condition of the environment and purposeful use at intensification of an agriculture. The methods of reception and characteristic of products of microbiological transformation household, agricultural and industrial wastes are considered.