科学教育专业中的生物学教学研究

科学教育专业是顺应时代的发展 ,符合创新教育的要求而发展起来的新兴专业 ,目前国内一些高等院校创办了这一专业。该专业注重了知识的整合和综合能力的培养 ,树立了以人为本的教育思想 ,实施以培养创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育。科学教育专业是以培养具有全面的自然科学知识素养、具有较强的创新精神和实践能力的中、小学教师为目标 ,科学教育专业所培养的学生要能胜任新的基础教育课程改革课程标准要求下的中、小学科学课程、综合实践活动课程以及研究性学习等课程的教学 ,并能在新一轮的课程改革中引领课改的潮流 ,将基础教育课程…     

中药学专业微生物学教学课程设计探索

对中药学专业微生物学课程教学内容及模式进行优化改革，以期提升课程的教学质量，进一步激发学生的学习兴趣，夯实基础知识和专业技能。首先分析了目前中药学专业开设的微生物学课程中出现的实际问题，其次在总课时不变的前提下，基于中药材及其相关微生物，并结合地方及中医药特色，进行教学内容的调整、教学手段的改革和考核方式的完善等，使该门课程更符合专业发展需求。在理论教学中调整课时比例，突出微生物学基础知识及微生物在药学中的应用两部分内容。在实践教学中进行分层教学，加深学生对课程知识的理解，同时突出目标导向，培养学生综合实践能力。在教学手段方面，采用模块化与其他教学模式相结合的方式，帮助学生构建微生物学相关知识体系，理解并掌握所学知识。此外，增加平时学习情况及实践方面的考核比例，促使学生重视课程学习及实践能力培养。课程优化后，学生的学习难度有所下降，学习目标更加明确，所学的微生物学知识与中药学专业联系更为密切，更加符合人才培养目标。     

基于专业定位的野生动物学教学改革探索

高校课程教学基于专业定位,是建立课程教学体系与提高教学效果的先决条件。高等林业院校对非生物类专业开设的野生动物学课程,需要根据专业培养目标与学生特点确定教学内容、方法与评价体系。在对旅游管理专业开设的野生动物学教学改革中,基于专业培养目标,通过对教学内容调整,开展趣味教学、研究性学习、案例讨论等教学方法的探索,总结了教学经验与教训,提出从学校、学院和教师3个层面共同努力以促进野生动物学教学改革的建议。     

高职生物制药专业 细胞培养技术课程教学改革与实践

细胞培养技术是高职生物制药专业核心课程之一,也是一门应用性、实践性强的课程。当前高职生物制药专业文理兼招,大部分学生细胞生物学基础比较薄弱,普遍对该课程的学习产生厌学,教学效果较差。为此在细胞培养技术课程教学中,以细胞培养岗位工作任务为引领,以强化技能训练为主导,将细胞培养理论知识融合于岗位工作任务之中,构建了项目化课程体系,教学方法改革创新、多措并举,考核方式多元化。结果表明:通过课程改革与实践,培养了学生的细胞培养技术动手操作能力和创新思维能力创,激发了学生学习兴趣,取得了显著教学效果。     

高等农业院校动物学课程教学方法改进与体会

在高等农业院校的生科类和动科类等专业,动物学是大学生入学后首次接触到的专业基础课。随着高校扩招、课程小型化和学分制教学改革的逐步推进和实施,新生的专业思想不稳定、师资力量不足、学时数锐减、学习方法待改进等问题较为突出,提出了＂双管齐下、温故知新、层层递进、系统内化＂的十六字教学方法的改进建议。     

探讨护理专业生物化学课程的教学改革

针对护理专业学生学习生物化学课程的困难,从提高教师教学水平、引用典型案例、采用多媒体教学、合理安排实验,优化教学内容等方面,探讨对生物化学的教学改革。     

浅谈高一新生如何学好生物

高一生物是继初二生物后更高层次的学习,也是学生学习基础知识的重要组成部分。高一新生由于受到初中教师的教法、自身的学法以及其他一些因素的影响,往往不能适应高中生物的学习。那么,高一新生如何才能学好生物这门课程呢?下面从几个方面谈谈高一新生学习生物的方法。     

制药工程专业药物化学双语教学尝试与思考

药物化学是高等院校制药工程专业的核心专业课,开设《药物化学》双语课程的学习能在传授专业知识的同时给学生提供双重语言环境,让学生在学习现有的专业课理论基础的条件下获得专业英文音频、书籍和文献的学习能力。为现有知识面的拓宽和进一步的深入学习以及从事新药等方面的研究奠定基础。文章从《药物化学》双语课程的教师教学设计、具体的教学内容、选择何种教学方式以及对学生掌握程度的考核方式等方面对双语教学的教与学进行讨论,并提出教学实践中存在的问题和拟解决方式。     

论中西医临床专业学生学习方法与就业前景

作为一名中西医临床专业的学生,对于中医与西医知识的学习要像邓小平所讲"两手都要抓,两手都要硬"。在学习过程中,要注重学习方法,在理论上与实践上有效做到中西医结合,同时了解中西医临床专业就业前景,有针对性专修与选修中医与西医的相关课程。本文就中西医临床专业学生学习方法与就业前景做一论述,以期为广大中西医临床专业学生提供一定的理论参考。     

PBL和TBL相结合的教学模式在护理专业人体解剖学教学中的应用

人体解剖学是护理专业学生重要的基础医学课程。为突出护理专业特色,提高解剖学教学质量,本团队在我院2015级护理专业本科学生人体解剖学教学中试行了以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)和以团队为基础的学习(team-based learning,TBL)相结合的教学模式。课程结束后比较教学效果,并收集学生的反馈意见进行分析。结果表明,科学应用PBL和TBL相结合的教学法是增强学生学习兴趣、使其牢固掌握解剖学基础内容及提高护理专业学生综合能力的重要环节。     

Using Inquiry to Learn about Soil: A Fourth Grade Experience

In this article, we describe a fourth-grade inquiry unit on soil. The unit was designed and taught by preservice elementary teachers as part of a university science methods course. Using a student-driven inquiry approach to designing curriculum, the unit engaged fourth graders in learning about the physical properties soil, erosion, worms, and plants. Hands-on activities, literacy strategies, and informational texts and websites were used to build student learning.     

A case for project based learning to enact semantic waves: towards cumulative knowledge building

ABSTRACT

First-year undergraduate curricula and their delivery should assist students in the transition from previous learning experiences to learning in higher education. However, the so-called articulation gap or discontinuity between secondary and higher education has been identified as a key structural curriculum problem for first-year success in South Africa and abroad. Valuable insights into this problem came from a recent study that drew on Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). Findings revealed an unexpectedly wide gap between the high school and the university biology curricula. The high school biology curriculum displays minimal movement between context-dependent, simpler meaning and relatively decontextualized, condensed meaning common in first-year biology. LCT Semantics was also found to be a valuable tool for restructuring curricula and pedagogy to intentionally enact semantic movement and thereby a more gradual transition for students from high school to university. This paper reports on an integrative first-year biology project aimed intentionally at taking students’ concept knowledge through a wide contextual range, and repeatedly between less and more complex meaning. I reflect on how the project design steers students towards creating semantic movement during their presentations, thereby contributing to cumulative knowledge building and a more gradual transition towards first-year epistemological access.     

基于岗位胜任力为导向的“食品微生物学检验”教学改革探索与实践

为提高学生的综合素质,适应快速发展的食品微生物检验行业和不断变化的食品微生物检验标准,我校开展了以岗位胜任力为导向的“食品微生物学检验”课程改革,从课程目标、课程内容、教学方法和考核方式4个方面开展教学改革,除了培养学生获得以专业知识和技能为主的显性胜任力外,还注重发展和提升学生的自主学习能力、解决实际问题能力,以及实事求是、吃苦耐劳等隐性胜任力。通过3年的教学实践,证实基于岗位胜任力的“食品微生物学检验”教学改革可以有效提高学生专业素养、综合素质和岗位胜任力,为食品质量与安全专业教学改革提供借鉴。     

Combination of didactic lecture with problem-based learning sessions in physiology teaching in a developing medical college in Nepal

Physiology teaching as an essential part of medical education faces tremendous criticism regarding curriculum design, methods of implementation, and application of knowledge in clinical practice. In the traditional method of medical education, physiology is taught in the first year and involves little interdisciplinary interaction. The Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal (affiliated with the Kathmandu Univ.) started in 1994 and adopted an integrated curriculum drawn along the lines of the student-centered, problem-based, integrated, community-based, elective-oriented, and systematic (SPICES) medical curriculum. Here, physiology is taught for the first 2 yr of the 4.5-yr Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery course. Methodology adopted is as follows. For a particular topic, objectives are clearly defined and priority content areas are identified. An overview is given in a didactic lecture class to the entire batch of 100 students. Tutorial classes are conducted thereafter with smaller groups of students (25/batch) divided further into five subgroups of five students each. In these sessions, a problem is presented to the students as a focus for learning or as an example of what has just been taught. Each problem was accompanied with relevant questions to streamline the students' thought processes. A tutor is present throughout the session not as an instructor but as a facilitator of the learning process. A questionnaire sought students' opinion on the usefulness of this approach, relevance of the combination of problem-based learning (PBL) sessions and didactic lectures in understanding a particular topic and relating clinical conditions to basic mechanisms, and improvement of performance on the university final examination. The majority of the students opined that the combination of didactic lectures and PBL sessions was definitely beneficial regarding all the above-mentioned aspects of learning. The university results corroborated their opinion. Thus it may be considered that a judicious mixture of didactic lectures and PBL sessions is beneficial as a teaching module of physiology in medical schools.     

An Online Bioinformatics Curriculum

Online learning initiatives over the past decade have become increasingly comprehensive in their selection of courses and sophisticated in their presentation, culminating in the recent announcement of a number of consortium and startup activities that promise to make a university education on the internet, free of charge, a real possibility. At this pivotal moment it is appropriate to explore the potential for obtaining comprehensive bioinformatics training with currently existing free video resources. This article presents such a bioinformatics curriculum in the form of a virtual course catalog, together with editorial commentary, and an assessment of strengths, weaknesses, and likely future directions for open online learning in this field.     

Legitimation code theory to facilitate transition from high school to first-year biology

Institutions of Higher Education have grappled with the predicament of first-year success and epistemological access for years. Recently, a study employed Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) to elucidate why students who performed relatively well in high school biology struggled with the subject in first-year. This study shed valuable light on this problem by revealing that the high school biology curriculum is at a completely different level to the university curriculum. In terms of LCT’s Semantics dimension, the high school curriculum displayed little movement from context dependent simpler meanings towards the relatively decontextualised complex meanings, frequently encountered in first-year biology. We argue that the Semantics dimension of LCT also offers a useful tool for restructuring first-year biology curricula to intentionally facilitate a more gradual transition for first-year students. Thus, by explicitly planning teaching activities to gradually increase the range between context dependent simpler meanings and relatively decontextualized complex meanings, the potential of cumulative learning can be optimised. This paper reflects on the process of revising a first-year biology curriculum to contribute to greater epistemological access and cumulative knowledge building.     

“环境工程微生物学”课程思政实践举措

课程思政在高校实现“三全育人”体系中发挥着重要的作用，是当前高校教学改革研究的热点之一。本文以环境工程专业“环境工程微生物学”课程为例，首先从课程思政元素发掘、提升教师课程思政能力、培养学生学习兴趣和重要保障等四方面对该课程思政开展具体实践；其次从提升学生课程思政理念、提高学生课程成绩及对全校课程思政的引领等方面展现课程思政的实践成效；最后结合教学实践对课程思政进行了讨论和展望。通过上述研究，以期为环境工程专业课程思政改革提供实践路径，为发挥专业课的育人机制提供参考。     

Budding biology teachers: what have botanical gardens got to offer inquiry learning

Teachers conceptualise inquiry learning in science learning differently. This is particularly evident when teachers are introduced to inquiry pedagogy within a new context. This exploratory study draws on semi-structured interviews conducted with eight pre-service secondary biology teachers following a day visit with university tutors to the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Emerging findings were: first, pre-service biology teachers’ views of inquiry learning range in sophistication from simple notions of ‘learning from doing’ to complex multi-notions such as student generated questions, developing curiosity and encouraging authentic scientific practices. Second, similarly their views of inquiry learning opportunities in botanical gardens ranged from simply places that offered ‘memorable experiences’ to enabling autonomous learning due to the organism diversity and multiple climates. Pre-service teachers categorised as having unsophisticated views of inquiry learning had limited expectations of botanical gardens as productive learning environments. Third, the majority of pre-service teachers were concerned about managing inquiry learning. A tension was identified between how open-ended an inquiry activity could be whilst ensuring student focus. Further, participants were concerned about the practical management of inquiry learning. We discuss implications for teacher educators and botanical garden educators and the requirement for curriculum development and promotion.     

What can experience add to early medical education? Consensus survey

Objective To provide a rationale for integrating experience into early medical education (“early experience”).Design Small group discussions to obtain stakeholders'' views. Grounded theory analysis with respondent, internal, and external validation.Setting Problem based, undergraduate medical curriculum that is not vertically integrated.Participants A purposive sample of 64 students, staff, and curriculum leaders from three university medical schools in the United Kingdom.Results Without early experience, the curriculum was socially isolating and divorced from clinical practice. The abruptness of students'' transition to the clinical environment in year 3 generated positive and negative emotions. The rationale for early experience would be to ease the transition; orientate the curriculum towards the social context of practice; make students more confident to approach patients; motivate them; increase their awareness of themselves and others; strengthen, deepen, and contextualise their theoretical knowledge; teach intellectual skills; strengthen learning of behavioural and social sciences; and teach them about the role of health professionals.Conclusion A rationale for early experience would be to strengthen and deepen cognitively, broaden affectively, contextualise, and integrate medical education. This is partly a process of professional socialisation that should start earlier to avoid an abrupt transition. “Experience” can be defined as “authentic human contact in a social or clinical context that enhances learning of health, illness or disease, and the role of the health professional.”     

“小组学习”模式在基础医学课程中的实践应用：以医学免疫学为例

将"小组学习"模式应用于基础医学课程"医学免疫学"的教学,在理论课堂采用案例导学、问题导学、角色转换导学和专题讨论导学,实践教学过程针对课堂实验、实验选修课和大学生创新创业项目进行层次化导学。综合运用思维导图、问卷星、成长袋等多元化教学方法和手段,编写思政案例库进行专业课课程思政,结合小组过程性考核进行多元化考核评价。该模式通过培养学生自主学习能力、小组合作能力、实践能力、创新能力和人文素质,为培养高素质、高能力的应用型医学人才奠定基础。该教学模式得到了绝大多数学生的认同,可为基础医学及其他相关课程的开展及高校人才培养提供思路和参考。