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荠菜的民族植物学 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
吴舟 《植物资源与环境学报》1998,7(3):49-53
以民族植物学的观点介绍荠菜〔Capselabursa-pastoris(L.)Medic.〕的食用和药用历史,分析了荠菜的营养与药用价值以及现代人热衷于荠菜的原因,探讨了荠菜的民族植物文化学。作者认为,荠菜集美食、营养、保健、药用于一体,是值得开发利用的一种重要野菜。 相似文献
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对荠菜乙醇提取物进行了研究,利用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20和HPLC等手段分离得到10个化合物,并根据化合物的理化性质分析、波谱解析、对照品比较及与文献报道对比鉴定了10个化合物的化学结构,化合物分别为:苯甲酸(1);对羟基苯甲酸(2);香草醛(3);芹菜素(4),尿嘧啶(5);腺嘌呤(6);尿苷(7);腺苷(8);木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9);芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。 相似文献
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马齿苋活性部位化学成分研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过溶剂提取、萃取及药理活性筛选方法得到了马齿苋的活性部位,运用色谱和波谱方法对马齿苋药材的活性部位进行了化学成分分离和结构鉴定。从中分离得到5个化合物,分别为尿嘧啶(uracil,1)、苯甲酸(benzoic acid,2)、肌醇(inositol,3)、腺苷(adenosine,4)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,5),其中化合物1—3为首次从该种植物中分得。 相似文献
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马齿苋提取液对铜绿假单胞菌R质粒消除作用的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
据报道,铜绿假单胞菌R质粒携带者达叨.24%[1],这是该菌对多种抗生素多重耐药的重要物质基础、用人工方法使R质粒从宿主菌中消除,使其恢复对抗生素的敏感性,是临床治疗多重耐药菌感染的新思路。本实验用马齿觅提取液做消除剂,对铜绿假单胞菌P29株R质粒进行体内、体外消除试验,现报告如下。1材料与方法1.1材料1.1.1菌种铜绿假单胞菌P29株(本室保存),从长春市烧伤医院患者分离并鉴定。1.1.2马齿觉提取液马齿觅购手吉林大药房,由我校药物研究室李平亚副教授鉴定。按文献[2]方法提取。1.1.3试剂GM、KM、SM、TC均为… 相似文献
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用苯酚硫酸法对马齿苋多糖含量进行测定,设计正交实验确定马齿苋多糖提取的最佳工艺,马齿苋多糖的提取率高达9.23%。将其多糖分离纯化,进行理化性质试验测试,利用纸层析和气相色谱对马齿苋多糖中的单糖组成做了分析,马齿苋多糖中的单糖组成有葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖。 相似文献
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盐生马齿苋解剖学研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
利用光学显微技术对生长在内蒙古赤峰盐碱地上马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)的营养器官进行了形态解剖学研究,并用黑土地上生长的马齿苋作了对照。结果表明,不同生态环境中生长的马齿苋解剖结构显著不同,盐生马齿苋具有适应盐渍环境的结构特征,这些特征表现为:营养器官通气组织发达;根的次生结构中木栓发达;根、茎的薄壁组织中含有大量的黏液细胞和糊粉粒;叶片表皮的角质膜厚;叶肉中含晶细胞、叶绿体及贮水组织丰富;而这些特征是黑土地上生长的马齿苋所不具备的。 相似文献
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江苏省稻瘟病菌的毒性多样性及水稻品种的抗病性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在13个已知日本抗病基因品种上检测1997-1999年采集自江苏省吴江,赣榆,通州,高邮和宜兴等5个代表地区的324个稻瘟病菌株的毒性,结果可将上述菌株划分为90种毒性类型,表明江苏省稻瘟病菌存在着丰富的毒性多样性,毒性类型组成在地区间存在较大的差异,并且随着时间的推移,稻瘟病菌毒性类型组成有差异加大的趋势,在已知抗病基因品种上测定江苏省稻瘟病菌的毒力,结果显示:Pi-k^3,Pi-ta,Pi-ta^2和Pi-sh等抗病基因对江苏省的稻瘟病菌的抗谱很窄,而Pi-i,Pi-z,Pi-z^t和Pi-b等抗病基因的抗谱比较宽,可作为抗源加以利用,用6个代表性毒性类型菌株接种江苏省80筱水稻主载品种和新育成品种,品种抗性分析表明,上述水稻品种中的籼稻和杂交稻对江苏省稻瘟病菌具有较高的抗性,而粳稻品种的抗性较差,上述研究结果为利用水稻品种抗性多样性控制稻瘟病提供了依据。 相似文献
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马齿苋体外抗菌作用的实验研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
目的:研究马齿苋水浸液,醇提液对大肠埃希菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,毛霉,黑曲霉的体外抑制作用。方法:要用滤纸片法进行定性研究;采用分光光度法进行定量研究。结果:马齿醇提液的抑菌效果强于其水提液;对细菌的抑菌作用强,对黑曲霉的作用不明显。结论:马齿苋体外对细菌有较强的抑制作用。 相似文献
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甜瓜抗霜霉病基因同源序列克隆与分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用RT—PCR扩增的方法,从高抗霜霉病甜瓜品种‘日本安农二号’中克隆到约3kb的cDNA片段(命名为MRGH-D,该基因是一个连续的通读编码框,编码1007个氨基酸。推测的蛋白质分子量为113.7kDa,等电点为7.88,蛋白质预测无跨膜区。根据推测的氨基酸序列,该基因属于TIR—NBS—LRR类抗病基因,具有TIR-NBS—LRR类抗病基因所有的保守结构域。核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分析结果显示,MRGH-J与甜瓜抗病基因的同源序列MRGHl2及抗霜霉病相关基因mp-19均具有高达99%的同源性,推测该基因可能在甜瓜抗霜霉病中起作用。 相似文献
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Haiyan Sun Hancheng Wang Gerd Stammler Jianxia Ma Jianmei Liu Mingguo Zhou 《Journal of Phytopathology》2010,158(6):450-452
During 2007 and 2008, 392 isolates of Plasmopara viticola were collected from 11 regions in seven provinces in China, and their sensitivities to metalaxyl and dimethomorph were determined by the floating leaf disk technique. Among all isolates, 13% were classified as sensitive, 26% as low‐level resistant, and 61% as resistant to metalaxyl. Of the 392, 85 were from vineyards never treated with carboxylic acid amide fungicides; these isolates were used to determine the baseline sensitivity to dimethomorph, and their EC50 values ranged from 0.01 to 0.21 (mean ± SD, 0.11 ± 0.04) μg/ml. The other 307 isolates were completely inhibited by a single discriminatory dose of 1.6 μg/ml of dimethomorph. 相似文献
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通过2个抗感杂交组合,采用多世代联合的分离分析方法研究了黄瓜霜霉病抗性的遗传机制.结果显示,2个组合的最适遗传模型分别是2对加性-显性-上位性主基因 加性-显性-上位性多基因模型和2对等加性主基因 加性-显性多基因模型.组合I最优模型的主基因遗传率是56.84%~87.16%,多基因遗传率是0~34.93%;2个主基因的加性效应均为-15.191,加性效应较强,显性效应较弱,它们之间的加性与加性和加性与显性上位性效应较强.组合Ⅱ最优模型的主基因和多基因遗传率分别为48.92%和42.11%;2个主基因的加性效应皆为-13.505,显性效性均为0,它们之间不存在互作效应.结果表明,黄瓜霜霉病抗性,以加性效应为主,主基因遗传力较高,但是微效多基因效应也占相当的比重,所以,在霜霉病抗性育种中,要重视主基因,同时兼顾多基因效应. 相似文献
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Slabaugh MB Yu JK Tang S Heesacker A Hu X Lu G Bidney D Han F Knapp SJ 《Plant biotechnology journal》2003,1(3):167-185
Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berlese et de Toni) is a serious foliar pathogen of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Genetic resistance is conditioned by several linked downy mildew resistance gene specificities in the HaRGC1 cluster of TIR-NBS-LRR resistance gene candidates (RGCs) on linkage group 8. The complexity and diversity of the HaRGC1 cluster was assessed by multilocus intron fragment length polymorphism (IFLP) genotyping using a single pair of primers flanking a hypervariable intron located between the TIR and NBS domains. Two to 23 bands were amplified per germplasm accession. The size of the included intron ranged from 89 to 858 nucleotides. Forty-eight unique markers were distinguished among 24 elite inbred lines, six partially isogenic inbred lines, nine open-pollinated populations, four Native American land races, and 20 wild H. annuus populations. Nine haplotypes (based on 24 RGCs) were identified among elite inbred lines and were correlated with known downy mildew resistance specificities. Sixteen out of 39 RGCs identified in wild H. annuus populations were not observed in elite germplasm. Five partially isogenic downy mildew resistant lines developed from wild H. annuus and H. praecox donors carried eight RGCs not found in other elite inbred lines. Twenty-four HaRGC1 loci were mapped to a 2-4 cM segment of linkage group 8. The multilocus IFLP marker and duplicated, hypervariable microsatellite markers tightly linked to the HaRGC1 cluster are powerful tools for distinguishing downy mildew resistance gene specificities and identifying and introgressing new downy mildew resistance gene specificities from wild sunflowers. 相似文献
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Mukesh K. Dubey Ajit K. Shasany Om P. Dhawan Ashutosh K. Shukla Suman P. S. Khanuja 《Journal of Phytopathology》2010,158(2):88-92
The aim of this study was to observe the lipid peroxidation (LP) of cell membranes and antioxidant systems in response to inoculation of Peronospora arborescens causing downy mildew (DM) in opium poppy. Contents of the LP product, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were determined in leaves of two opium poppy genotypes, Pps‐1 (highly resistant to DM) and Jawahar‐16 (highly susceptible to DM) at different time intervals after inoculation (12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h). The provided GSH content corresponded to that of total non‐protein sulfhydryl groups. In leaves of Jawahar‐16, a significant decrease in concentration of GSH and a persistent increase in concentration of MDA were recorded after inoculation in comparison to leaves of control plants. The continuous decrease in GSH content contributed to damage of cell membranes leading to disease development in Jawahar‐16. On the other hand in a resistant genotype (Pps‐1), initially at 12 h after inoculation (hai) the level of GSH was found to be high, but a transient and highly significant decrease in content of GSH and increase in content of MDA was observed at 24 hai in comparison to control plants of same genotype and also in comparison to inoculated plants of susceptible genotype (Jawahar‐16). These results indicate that generation of GSH and MDA is negatively correlated during the infection process as found in the case of DM‐resistant genotype Pps‐1 at 24hai, which also suggests an increased need by the host plant for oxidative stress, required for hypersensitive response mediated defense mechanism. 相似文献
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Dr. Peter Neubert 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(3):229-236
Abstract Wetzel, TH. (Edit.): Symposium mit internationaler Beteiligung zur Schaderregerüberwachung in der industriemäßigen Getreideproduktion. 510 S., Teil I bis III, 134 Abb. Halle: 1975. Reviewed by G. Lutze. O. V.: Pflanzenschutzmittel-Verzeichnis 1974/1975. 1. Aufl. 121 S. Berlin: VEB Dt. Landwirtschaftsverlag 1975. Reviewed by W. Tarnow. Schumakov, E. M.; Gussev, G. W.; Fedorintschik, N. S. (Edit.): Biologi?eskie sredstva za??ita rastenij. 25000 Aufl. 408 S., 1. Band, 24 Abb. Moskau: Kolos 1974. Reviewed by Th. Wetzel. Clifton, C. E. (Edit.): Annual Review of Microbiology. 771 S., 25. Band, zahlreiche Abb. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc. 1971. Reviewed by K. Naumann. Voronkevi?, I. V.: Vy?ivaemost' fitopatogennych Bakterij v Prirode. 268 S., 16 Abb., 41 Tab., Moskau 1974: Nauka. Reviewed by W. Ficke. Bel'tjukova, K. I.; Koroleva, I. B.; Muras, V. A.: Bakterial'nye bolezni zernobobovych kultur. 339 S., 57 Abb., 49 Tab. Kiev 1974: Naukova Dumka. Reviewed by W. Ficke. Pospelov, S. M.; Arsen'eva, M. V.; Grusdev, G. S.: Za??ita rastenij. 487 S. Leningrad 1973: Kolos. Reviewed by W. Ficke. Noordam, D.: Identification of plant viruses. Methods and experiments. 1. Auflage, 218 S., 134 Abb. Wageningen 1973: Centre for agricultural publishing and documentation. Reviewed by D. Spaar. 相似文献
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水杨酸诱导小白菜抗霜霉病的作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinesis L.)为材料,采用叶面喷洒的方法施用不同浓度水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA),研究了SA小白菜对霜霉病的抗性诱导,并对经SA诱导后小白菜植株体内相关酶活性进行了研究.结果发现,在0.2~2.0 mmol·L-1的浓度范围内,随着SA浓度的增加,SA的诱导防治效果先增后减,1.0 mmol·L-1浓度为诱导抗性最适浓度.经SA诱导后,小白菜植株体内SOD、POD和PPO等酶活性也明显增强. 相似文献
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《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(4):283-291
Abstract Downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola [Sacc.] Schroet.) is a serious agricultural problem for pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) grain production under field conditions. Six medicinally important plant species Azadirachta indica, Argemone mexicana, Commiphora caudata, Mentha piperita, Emblica officinalis and Viscum album were evaluated for their efficacy against pearl millet downy mildew. Seeds of pearl millet were treated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of the plants to examine their efficacy in controlling downy mildew. Among the plant extracts tested, V. album treatment was found to be more effective in enhancing seed quality parameters and also in inducing resistance against downy mildew disease. Germination and seedling vigor was improved in seeds treated with V. album extracts over control. Seeds treated with 10% concentration of V. album showed maximum protection against downy mildew disease under greenhouse and field conditions. The downy mildew disease protection varied from 44–70% with different concentrations. Leaf extract of V. album did not inhibit sporulation and zoospore release from sporangia of Sclerospora graminicola, indicating that the disease-controlling effect was attributed to induced resistance. Seed treatment with V. album extract increased pearl millet grain yield considerably. In V. album, treated pearl millet seedlings increased activities of peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme was detected. FTIR analysis of V. album extracts showed the presence of amides and other aromatic compounds which are antimicrobial compounds involved in plant defense. 相似文献