常用抗癫痫药对癫痫患者血同型半胱氨酸的影响

目的:观察常用抗癫痫药对癫痫患者血同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、维生素B12浓度的影响。方法:比较45例服用单药治疗的癫痫患者(服用卡马西平11例,服用拉莫三嗪12例,服用奥卡西平9例,服用丙戊酸13例)血同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、维生素B12浓度的差异。结果:癫痫患者血同型半胱氨酸均高于正常,而叶酸和维生素B12均在正常范围内;服用拉莫三嗪的患者其血中同型半胱氨酸低于服用丙戊酸、卡马西平和奥卡西平的患者;服用卡马西平的患者血中叶酸高于服用拉莫三嗪、丙戊酸的患者(P<0.05);维生素B12在各用药组间无统计学差异。结论:长期服用抗癫痫药物可引起血中同型半胱氨酸的升高,而高同型半胱氨酸血症可增加心脑血管疾病的危险,故癫痫患者应常规给予补充叶酸、维生素B12,以使血同型半胱氨酸水平恢复正常。     

拉莫三嗪对GHB 致失神发作大鼠脑内HCN1、HCN2表达的影响

目的:观察拉莫三嗪对γ-羟丁酸(GHB)致失神发作大鼠脑电及脑内超极化激活环核苷酸门控阳离子通道(HCN)的亚型HCN1、HCN2表达变化的影响,探讨拉莫三嗪抗失神癫痫的可能作用机制。方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组,模型组,拉莫三嗪治疗组(低剂量组为8 mg/(kg·d)、中剂量组为12 mg/(kg·d)、高剂量组为24 mg/(kg·d)),每组7只。空白对照组及模型组每日应用0.25%的甲基纤维素钠溶液灌胃,治疗组每日应用0.25%的甲基纤维素钠溶液配制的浓度为2 mg/mL的拉莫三嗪混悬液灌胃。手术埋置皮层脑电电极。腹腔注射GHB的前体γ-丁内酯(GBL)200 mg/kg制作大鼠失神发作模型,并监测脑电。免疫组化法检测皮层HCN1及丘脑HCN2的表达。结果:皮层脑电图拉莫三嗪治疗组比模型组失神发作的潜伏期延长,最高波幅降低(P0.05)。模型组皮质HCN1比空白对照组表达减少,而拉莫三嗪高、中剂量组皮质HCN1比模型组表达增加(P0.05)。模型组丘脑HCN2表达减少,与空白对照组及治疗组相比,差异有统计学意义。结论:拉莫三嗪可以改善GHB致失神发作模型脑电图的异常表现;拉莫三嗪抗失神癫痫作用可能与调节HCN表达有关。     

拉莫三嗪治疗癫痫的临床研究

目的:探究拉莫三嗪单药治疗癫痫的临床疗效和安全性.方法:124例癫痫患者,随机分为拉莫三嗪治疗组和丙戊酸钠治疗组,观察治疗后的6个月和12个月癫痫发作情况、生活质量评分和不良反应.结果:拉莫三嗪治疗组患者治疗后6个月和12个月的癫痫发作次数少于丙戊酸钠组患者,但差距无统计学意义(P＞0.05).拉莫三嗪组治疗癫痫患者完全控制的患者多于丙戊酸钠组患者,总有效率高于丙戊酸钠组患者,但差距无统计学意义(P＞0.05).拉莫三嗪治疗的癫痫患者在治疗后6个月和12个月的生活质量评分改善情况明显优于丙戊酸钠组,差距有统计学意义(P＜0.05);不良反应:拉莫三嗪治疗组少于丙戊酸钠组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:癫痫患者在药物治疗方面使用拉莫三嗪的疗效显著,控制癫痫发作的效果理想,不良反应少,并在一定程度上提高癫痫患者的生活质量.     

不同首剂匹罗卡品制作颞叶癫痫大鼠模型的研究

目的:研究不同首次剂量匹罗卡品对氯化锂-匹罗卡品颞叶癫痫大鼠模型诱发成功率、死亡率的影响。方法:90只SD大鼠随机分为三组,每组首次使用匹罗卡品剂量:A组10mg/kg、B组20mg/kg、C组30mg/kg;随后采用多次注射10mg/kg匹罗卡品,比较3组癫痫持续状态诱发成功率、死亡率的差异。结果:A、B、C组癫痫持续状态诱发成功率分别为66.7%、90%、93.3%。其中A组与B组之间诱发成功率差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;C组与B组之间相比,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。三组死亡率分别为20%、23.3%、57.1%,其中A组与B组之间差异无统计学差异,P>0.05,;C组与其它两组相比较差异有统计学差异,P<0.05。结论:首次剂量20mg匹罗卡品,然后10mg多次反复注射,癫痫持续状态诱发成功率高、死亡率低,是一种理想的颞叶癫痫模型。     

三种抗癫痫药对癫痫患者脑电图的背景影响比较研究

目的：研究对比三种抗癫痫药（苯妥因钠、丙戊酸钠、卡马西平）对癫痫患者脑电图的背景影响。方法：选取我院于2009年3月至2011年2月收治的60例癫痫患者,随机分为苯妥因钠（PHT）、卡马西平（CBZ）和丙戊酸钠（SVP）组各20例,动态观察各组患者于治疗期间痫样波放电的频度和EEG背景的变化。结果：EEG痫样波放电的抑制率以SVP最为明显,而CBZ在EEG背景活动影响方面均比其他两组显著。结论：三种药物对癫痫波放电的抑制顺序是SVP〉PHT〉CBZ,SVP组明显优于其他两组。     

拉莫三嗪治疗部分性发作癫痫患者的疗效及对认知功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨拉莫三嗪对部分性发作癫痫患者的疗效及对认知功能及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2012年6月到2013年12月在我院接收治疗的部分性发作癫痫患者60例,按随机数字表法随机分为对照组(n=30)和治疗组(n=30);对照组患者给予卡马西平进行治疗,治疗组患者给予拉莫三嗪进行治疗。治疗20周后,对比两组患者的治疗效果、认知功能及生活质量。结果:治疗组患者的无发作率和总有效率分别为20.00%和80.00%,均显著高于对照组的6.67%和53.33%(P0.05);治疗后治疗组患者认知功能总评分明显高于对照组,(P0.05);治疗后治疗组患者各项生活质量评分均明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:拉莫三嗪对部分性发作癫痫患者有显著疗效,能够有效控制癫痫发作,对改善患者认知功能及生活质量有重要作用。     

X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白反义寡核苷酸逆转K562细胞及难治性癫痫大鼠对卡马西平和苯妥英钠耐药性

凋亡在癫痫发生机制中起重要作用,但其在难治性癫痫耐药机制中的作用尚不清楚．为研究X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, XIAP)反义寡核苷酸对K562/Dox(阿霉素诱导)耐药细胞及难治性癫痫大鼠耐药性的影响,首先建立耐药的K562/Dox细胞株,比较XIAP在耐药细胞株和正常K562细胞株的表达情况,观察转染XIAP反义寡核苷酸后,线粒体膜电位变化以及对卡马西平和苯妥英钠耐药性的影响．另外,建立慢性杏仁核点燃癫痫模型,筛选出耐药组和药物敏感组,通过侧脑室注射XIAP反义寡核苷酸,对照组注射生理盐水．观察其对各组大鼠后放电阈值(after discharge threshold,ADT)、后放电时程(after discharge duration,ADD)等电生理指标的影响．结果发现,XIAP在K562/Dox耐药细胞上的表达明显高于正常K562细胞,XIAP反义寡核苷酸转染K562/Dox耐药细胞后,XIAP的表达明显下降．导致了K562/Dox细胞线粒体跨膜电位的下降,而且对苯妥英钠和卡马西平的耐药性明显下降,IC₅₀分别由(1 978.2 ± 90.3) mg/L和(1 875.6 ± 83.2) mg/L,降低到(1 123.5 ± 54.2) mg/L和(1 084.5 ± 60.6) mg/L,逆转倍数分别为1.76和1.73．同时动物实验发现,耐药组大鼠在给予XIAP反义寡核苷酸后,ADT明显高于对照组(P < 0.05), ADD时程也明显缩短．上述结果证明,XIAP在耐药的K562/Dox细胞株存在高表达,下调XIAP在K562/Dox细胞株表达可以改善K562/Dox对卡马西平和苯妥英钠的耐药性．而且下调XIAP表达可以协助AEDs改善耐药大鼠的电生理活动,提示XIAP参与了难治性癫痫的耐药．     

经颅磁刺激对癫痫病灶脑电相关维数的影响

利用脑功能指标——大鼠病灶区脑电的相关维数,研究低频经颅磁刺激对慢性颞叶癫痫大鼠脑功能改善的作用。对一组颞叶癫痫大鼠施予频率为0．5Hz、强度为0．4T、20次／日、连续一周的低频重复性经颅磁刺激(rTMS)．在rTMS前后,分别测取颞叶癫痫大鼠责任病灶区皮层和海马区的脑电,重构时间延迟吸引子,用G-P算法估算反映对应脑区功能状态的相关维数。研究结果显示：施予适量的rTMS(0.4T、20次／日、连续一周),使颞叶癫痫大鼠海马和相应皮层脑电的相关维数比刺激前明显升高。研究表明适量的rTMS有抑制癫痫的作用。     

咖啡因对大鼠杏仁核点燃模型的作用研究

目的:观察兴奋药咖啡因对点燃癫痫模型的作用.方法:建立大鼠杏仁核点燃模型,观察不同剂量的咖啡因及与抗癫痫药物联用对杏仁核点燃大鼠的后放电时程(ADD)和Racine's分级的影响.结果:咖啡因提高点燃大鼠的ADD,但联用抗苯妥英钠和苯巴比妥可降低ADD(P＜0.01)及Racine's分级(P＜0.01).结论:小剂量的咖啡因与抗癫痫药物能产生协同作用.     

氟桂利嗪对青霉素致痫大鼠皮层及海马癫痫样放电的影响

目的:观察氟桂利嗪对青霉素致痫大鼠皮层和海马癫痫样放电的影响.方法:选取Wistar大鼠60只制作青霉素致痫模型,在大鼠海马、颞叶、额叶皮层埋置电极,记录氟桂利嗪(20 mg/kg)灌胃后大鼠癫痫样放电的变化.结果:实验组动物皮层及海马癫痫样放电潜伏期明显延长,持续时间缩短,单位时间内癫痫样放电数明显减少,与对照组相比有显著差异.结论:氟桂利嗪具有明显抗癫痫作用,可显著抑制青霉素致痫鼠皮层及海马区癫痫样放电.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.