Scale insects (Homoptera,Coccinea) in greenhouses of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden: Host plants,monitoring, and control

A list of the coccid species damaging plants in the collection of the greenhouses of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden, Kola Peninsula, is given. The dynamics of the pests’ presence and number of their hosts since 1957, and effect of pesticides on the pests are shown.     

Scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) of the volga area: III. Nudicauda gen. n. and other mealybugs from astrakhan

The present paper is the third part of a revision of the fauna of the Volga Area. Five species new for the Volga Area, including four new for Russia are recorded. Nudicauda gen. n. is erected with type species Nudicauda nigra (Matesova, 1957) (comb. n.). The new genus differs from other genera of mealybugs in a complex of characters and mainly in the presence of very specific oral rim tubular ducts with a broad flat ring and in an unusual ovisac with the opening over posterior tergites of the female body. In addition to the type species, N. orientalis (Borchsenius, 1949) and N. salina (Matesova, 1981) (comb. n.) are also included in the new genus. N. nigra and N. orientalis are considered as separate species, contrary to Danzig (1980). All the three species of the new genus are redescribed and illustrated. The structure of the tubular ducts of the genus Humococcus Ferris, 1953 is briefly discussed and illustrated.     

Stoffwechselphysiologische Untersuchungen an Nocardia petroleophila n. sp.

Ohne ZusammenfassungAuszug aus der gleichlautenden Dissertation der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschftlichen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg, 1957.     

STUDIES ON SOIL POPULATION OF CONTARINIA PISI WINN. IN 1957 IN YORKSHIRE AND LANCASHIRE

For studying the population of pea-midge cocoons, larvae and pupae in the soil, a new method of examining the 'float' obtained from washing soil through the wet-extraction apparatus is described.
Examination of soil samples in the summer of 1957 from fields which carried heavily attacked pea crops in 1956 indicated that pupae were present at depths of 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 in., respectively, from 18 June onwards, and that the peak emergence of midges was in the period 28 June-2 July; observations on adult activity in pea fields confirmed this. Small numbers of pupae were recovered throughout July.
Similar studies on pea fields in 1957 showed the build-up of the cocoon population and the rate of pupation of this generation of larvae. The first flight of 1957 was composed of individuals from the 1956 generation and was far larger than the second flight, which was composed of some 1956 generation and part of the first 1957 generation.
There were indications that increases of temperature might accelerate pupation with a resulting earlier emergence of adults.
The size of midge populations recorded from soil from green pea and dry-harvesting pea fields tended to be similar and appeared to be related to sowing date.     

Regeneration in insects.

@9cIntroduction@21T issues exhibit an impressive ability to respond to a myriad of insults by repairing and regenerating complex structures. The elegant and orderly process of regeneration provides clues to the mechanisms of pattern formation but also offers the hope that the process might one day be manipulated to replace damaged body parts. To manipulate the process, it will be necessary to understand the genetic basis of the process. In the case of the insect leg, we are coming close to such a level of understanding and many of the lessons learned are relevant to vertebrate systems. A dynamic web of gene regulatory networks appears to create a robust self-organizing system that is at once extremely intricate but also perhaps simple in its reliance on a few key signaling pathways and a few simple processes, e.g. autoactivation and lateral inhibition. Here we will summarize what has been learned about the networks of gene regulation present in the Drosophila leg discs and then we will explore how the regenerative responses to different insults can be understood as predictable responses to these networks. Each of the regulatory networks could themselves serve as the subject of a detailed review and that is beyond the scope of this discussion. Here we will focus on the interplay between the regulatory networks in patterning the tissue.     

Coccidia of wombats: correction of host-parasite relationships. Eimeria wombati (Gilruth and Bull, 1912) Comb. Nov. and Eimeria ursini Supperer, 1957 from the hairy-nosed wombat and Eimeria arundeli sp. n. from the common wombat.

Coccidial oocysts morphologically consistent with Eimeria ursini Supperer 1957, and E. tasmaniae Supperer 1957 were recovered from the feces of wild and captive hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in Australia. Eimeria arundeli so. n. was recovered from the feces of wild and captive common wombats (Vombatus ursinus). Eimeria arundeli oocysts are ellipsoidal to slightly ovoid 60.2--67.2 (63.7) X 40.6--47.6 (43.4); micropyle 3 in diameter usually visible; with oocyst wall granular, dark brown and occasionally opaque, 4--7 thick; inner oocyst wall clear, about 1.5 thick; small oocyst residuum present, four sporocysts ovoid 22.4--29.4 (25.8) X 12.6--15.4 (14.1) with protuberant Stieda body; opposite end of sporocyst also often slighly pointed; large granular sporocyst residuum obscuring sporozoites. Gametocytes of E. arundeli sp. n. and of an organism which is consistent with E. tasmaniae, are described developing in the lamina propria of villi in the small intestine. The stages in the hairy-nosed wombat are those described as Ileocystis wombati Gilruth and Bull 1912. It is suggested that the identification of the host of Supperer's E. ursini and E. tasmaniae as V. ursinus was in error and that the allopatric L. latifrons is the natural host. Eimeria tasmaniae Supperer 1957 is suppressed and E. wombati (Gilruth and Bull, 1912) comb. nov. is proposed and redescribed. No schizonts were identified among the endogenous stages, consistent with observations in the literature on other coccidia with similar gametocyte and oocyst structure.     

Closed mitral valvotomy.

The results of closed mitral valvotomy operations in 359 patients operated on from August 1957 to October 1974 were assessed at July 1975. About 60% of the patients were in good health. These results suggest that there is still a place for closed mitral valvotomy in carefully selected cases.     

携播螨与昆虫

文中指明了螨和昆虫之间的携播现象以及携播螨的特点 ,并讨论了螨和昆虫之间的携播现象与人类的关系。     

Local distribution of two swallows of genusHirundo,and breeding success ofH. rustica

Population Ecology - The distribution of nests of the swallows was investigated in 1957, 1962 and 1963 at Koriyama, Nara Prefecture. Roughly speaking, the nest ofHirundo rustica was located in the...     

On the hoplonemertean, Kameginemertes parmiornatus (Iwata, 1957) gen. n., comb. n. from Sagami Bay, Japan

The hoplonemertean Amphiporus parmiornatus Iwata,1957, from Sagami Bay, Japan, has beenredescribed and named Kameginemertes gen. n. asa member of the reptantic Polystilifera. Anatomicallythe new genus shows affinity to the genus Drepanophorus belonging to the EureptantiaAequifurcata, but because of differences in thecerebral sensory organs, nervous system,blood-vascular system, and rhynchodaeal wall, a newgenus is proposed for it.     

Antibacterial peptides isolated from insects.

Insects are amazingly resistant to bacterial infections. To combat pathogens, insects rely on cellular and humoral mechanisms, innate immunity being dominant in the latter category. Upon detection of bacteria, a complex genetic cascade is activated, which ultimately results in the synthesis of a battery of antibacterial peptides and their release into the haemolymph. The peptides are usually basic in character and are composed of 20-40 amino acid residues, although some smaller proteins are also included in the antimicrobial repertoire. While the proline-rich peptides and the glycine-rich peptides are predominantly active against Gram-negative strains, the defensins selectively kill Gram-positive bacteria and the cecropins are active against both types. The insect antibacterial peptides are very potent: their IC50 (50% of the bacterial growth inhibition) hovers in the submicromolar or low micromolar range. The majority of the peptides act through disintegrating the bacterial membrane or interfering with membrane assembly, with the exception of drosocin, apidaecin and pyrrhocoricin which appear to deactivate a bacterial protein in a stereospecific manner. In accordance with their biological function, the membrane-active peptides form ordered structures, e.g. alpha-helices or beta-pleated sheets and often cast permeable ion-pores. Their cytotoxic properties were exploited in in vivo studies targeting tumour progression. Although the native peptides degrade quickly in biological fluids other than insect haemolymph, structural modifications render the peptides resistant against proteases without sacrificing biological activity. Indeed, a pyrrhocoricin analogue shows lack of toxicity in vitro and in vivo and protects mice against experimental Escherichia coli infection. Careful selection of lead molecules based on the insect antibacterial peptides may extend their utility and produce viable alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial compounds for mammalian therapy.     

峡东地区庙坡组栉虫类、宝石虫类和斜视虫类三叶虫

系统描述湖北宜昌和秭归新滩晚奥陶世庙坡组三叶虫动物群中的３科６属６种。根据化石保存状态,挤压变形以及个体发育特征,对前人所报道的产于同一层位的有并三叶虫的研究成果作了重新厘定。     

Untersuchungen über die physiologische und morphologische Wirkung von Kupfer auf Mucor adventitius var. aurantiacus

Ohne ZusammenfassungAuszug aus der gleichlautenden Dissertation der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Göttingen 1957.     

Comparison of the incidence of association of periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism in Japan in 1957 and 1991.

Periodic paralysis has been known to be associated with thyrotoxicosis in Japan. The incidence was 8.6% among male and 0.4% among female thyrotoxic patients according to a survey performed in the three major thyroid clinics in Japan in 1957. To determine the changes in the incidence during the intervening 34 years, the same type of survey was carried out again in 1991 at the same three major thyroid clinics previously involved. The incidence of paralysis in 1991 was 4.3% among male and 0.04% among female thyrotoxic patients, indicating more than a 40% decrease in the incidence. The possible cause of the decrease is related to the changes in food consumption, namely, to the fact that less carbohydrate and more potassium were taken in 1991 than in 1957.     

Die Aktivität von Hypophyse,Thyreoidea, Epiphyse und ihre Beeinflussung durch Parahydroxypropiophenon, Östradiol und Testosteron während der Larvalentwicklung vonBufo bufo L.

Ohne ZusammenfassungDiss. T. H. Stuttgart 1957.     

昆虫的体外化学防卫物质简介

本文介绍了昆虫体外防御物质的释放部位、来源、化学成分及影响其释放的因素等的研究进展。     

A note on conditional reflex studies of schizophrenia in France.

In France, beginning with 1946, the method of Ivanov-Smolenski was used to study schizophrenia, but after 1957, sensory conditioning procedures have been employed (EEG sound-light, evoked potentials in children, SAE conditioning in adults) and more recently eye blink and operant conditioning.