结核杆菌融合蛋白DNA疫苗构建及免疫保护研究

目的:评价结核DNA疫苗免疫鼠产生细胞因子和抵抗结核分枝杆菌攻击的能力。方法:将结核菌Mtb8.4基因和谷胱甘肽S转移酶基因插入pVAX1载体,构建表达Mtb8.4和GST融合蛋白的DNA疫苗pVS8.4G。小鼠分成5组,用pVS8.4G、pVAX1、pIL2S 100μg和PBS 0.1mL各免疫3次,间隔2w。另一组用BCG免疫1次。每组10只鼠在加强后,无菌取脾培养。另外10只小鼠用H37Rv攻击,2w后取脾、肝和肺培养结核菌并计数。结果:pVS8.4G免疫鼠脾细胞培养上清mIL-2和mIFN-γ平均为380.9和422.1pg/mL,显著高于阴性对照组,与BCG组无显著差异。5个组的平均mIL-6和mIL-10无显著差异。pVS8.4G免疫小鼠脾、肝和肺的平均结核菌载量分别为42 093.2、43 264.1和37 264.8CFU/g,低于pVAX1、pIL2S和PBS组相应器官的载量。结论:DNA疫苗pVS8.4G能刺激产生Th1型免疫应答,免疫鼠抵抗H37Rv攻击的能力增强。     

以恒河猴为模型的DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用研究

研究了以霍乱毒素B亚基（CTB）为载体的重组疟疾多价抗原（AWTE）表位的DNA疫苗在恒河猴中的免疫原性及对相应疟原虫感染的免疫保护作用。结果表明DNA疫苗组免疫2次后即产生了较高水平的细胞免疫和体液免疫,免疫后91天用1.25×10     

流感病毒基质蛋白DNA疫苗的免疫保护作用研究

流感病毒基质蛋白(matrix protein,M)在病毒复制和毒力方面有重要作用.编码基质蛋白的M1基因和M2基因胞外域序列是A型流感病毒的保守序列,是研究具有交叉保护能力流感疫苗的候选基因.我们构建了真核表达质粒pCAGGSP7/M1和pCAGGSP7/M2,用质粒DNA免疫小鼠以观察其免疫原性.分别在M1DNA免疫2、3、4、5、6次或M2 DNA免疫4、5、6次7 d后,用致死量同源流感病毒A/PR/8攻击小鼠,通过检测小鼠血清抗体滴度、肺部病毒量和小鼠存活率来观察质粒DNA的保护效果.结果表明,随着免疫次数增加,M1 DNA免疫组在病毒攻击后小鼠存活率增高,而M2 DNA免疫组小鼠攻毒后全部死亡.说明M1 DNA多次免疫后能提供抗流感病毒的部分保护,M2 DNA没有免疫保护作用.     

乙肝病毒DNA疫苗的构建及其诱导小鼠的免疫应答

构建含adr亚型HBV表面抗原基因的核酸疫苗 ,考察人白细胞介素II基因及重组白细胞介素II的免疫佐剂作用。用含有人白细胞介素II基因的真核表达质粒及基因重组白细胞介素II蛋白作为佐剂 ,将编码乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的重组真核表达质粒 pVAX/HBS免疫BALB/C小鼠 (试验组 ) ,同时设置注射质粒pVAX的阴性对照组 ,并分别于第 2 ,4周后加强免疫各 1次。试验组在第 4周时开始有HBsAb产生 ,阴性对照组未测到HbsAb ,试验组和对照组均未检测到HBsAg。乙肝病毒DNA疫苗能引起小鼠特异性体液免疫应答 ,白细胞介素II的真核表达质粒的佐剂作用不明显 ,基因重组白细胞介素II蛋白具有提高小鼠对乙肝病毒核酸疫苗免疫应答水平的佐剂活性。     

人-禽双价流感新型DNA疫苗构建及免疫保护实验研究

流感病毒是威胁人类和动物健康的重要病原. 研究表明, 流感大流行株的形成与人流感和禽流感毒株基因重配密切相关. 因此在目前流感流行趋势下, 在人流感和禽流感疫苗开发中考虑对人流感和禽流感流行亚型进行共预防具有重要意义. 本研究针对人-禽多价流感疫苗进行了尝试, 构建了共表达H5亚型HA和H3亚型主要抗原区HA1的DNA疫苗pVAX1-H5/H3, 并进行了小鼠免疫攻毒研究. 结果表明, 攻毒前pVAX1-H5/H3有效诱导小鼠产生了针对 H5HA和H3HA1的体液抗体和细胞免疫应答. 当采用H5亚型和H3亚型流感病毒攻击时, pVAX1-H5/H3实验组小鼠对病毒攻击产生了抵抗作用, 显示了更快的体重回复及肺部病毒清除速度. 在H3亚型流感保护方面, pVAX1-H5/H3作用显著优于单表达H3HA1的pVAX1-H3. 结果证实, 共表达双亚型HA策略可对相关流感病毒攻击产生保护, 不同HA间未发现免疫干扰现象, 同时存在潜在的增益效果. 本研究为人-禽多价流感疫苗的研发奠定了基础.     

DNA疫苗免疫增强效应研究进展

DNA疫苗能够诱导机体产生特异性体液和细胞免疫反应,而且与传统疫苗相比具备诸多优点。DNA疫苗能够在小鼠体内诱导有效的免疫应答,但是其效力在灵长类动物和人体内却不尽人意。目前已经有很多方法用于增强DNA疫苗的免疫原性,本文就增强DNA疫苗免疫效应常用方法的最新进展作一综述。     

乙肝病毒RNA复制子疫苗与DNA疫苗对小鼠免疫效率的比较

为建立并获取更有效的乙肝疫苗,本实验通过将所构建的HBV RNA复制子疫苗和DNA疫苗分别免疫小鼠,检测细胞免疫与体液免疫的效果.结果表明,以pSFV为基础构建的疫苗载体免疫小鼠后采集的血清中抗体效价不随免疫剂量的增加而提高,在较低剂量免疫的时候,RNA复制子疫苗所产生的抗体效价优于DNA疫苗.并且RNA复制子疫苗在以较低剂量免疫后脾细胞CTL活性高于DNA疫苗.本研究证明HBV RNA疫苗比DNA疫苗表达效果更好,安全性更高,更具有应用前景.     

DNA疫苗研究现状和展望

自１９９２年第一次报道ＤＮＡ疫苗技术以来,在短短３－４年的时间内这一技术得到飞速发展,在ＮＤＡ疫苗的作用机理,如何增强ＤＮＡ免疫效果以及ＤＮＡ疫苗的优势和问题等方面做子大量卓有成效的探索,尽管现在人产对ＤＮＡ疫苗抗原提呈作用机理还不清楚,也还没有完全也解ＤＮＡ疫苗安全性问题,但是对ＤＮＡ疫苗的免疫防御,免疫治疗和免疫调节作用已有了较为清晰的认识,本文拟对此作一简要概述。     

H1亚型猪流感病毒HA基因DNA疫苗的构建及其对Balb/c小鼠的免疫效果评价

以A/Swine/Guangdong/LM/2004(H1N1)猪流感病毒HA基因为模板,通过RT-PCR技术扩增出HA基因,并将其克隆到pCI-neo真核表达载体中,成功构建重组表达质粒pCI-HA,瞬时转染vero E6和293T细胞,通过免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验(Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay ,IPMA)、间接免疫荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescence assay, iIFA)和蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot,WB）实验证明,HA基因能够在哺乳动物细胞中有效表达并具有良好的生物学活性。将重组质粒三次免疫8w雌性Balb/c小鼠后,ELISA试验和中和试验结果表明该重组质粒能够诱导小鼠产生较高的抗体滴度,并具有良好的中和活性。因此为H1亚型猪流感DNA疫苗的研究奠定了理论基础。     

Construction of a Catsper1 DNA Vaccine and Its Antifertility Effect on Male Mice

Cation channel of sperm 1 (CATSPER1) is a unique sperm cation channel protein, and essential for sperm function and male fertility. CATSPER1 exclusively expresses in meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, thus belongs to the spermatogenesis-specific antigen that escape central tolerance. We have previously demonstrated the immunocontraceptive potential of its transmembrane domains and pore region, and reported the antifertility effects of its B-cell epitopes on male mice. Aiming to develop DNA vaccine targeting CATSPER1 for male contraception, here the whole open reading frame of mouse Catsper1 was cloned into the plasmid pEGFP-N1 to obtain a DNA vaccine pEGFP-N1-Catsper1. The vaccine was confirmed to be transcribed and translated in mouse N2a cell in vitro and mouse muscle tissue in vivo. Intramuscular injection with the vaccine on male mice induced specific immune reaction and caused significant inhibition on sperm hyperactivated motility and progressive motility (P<0.001 for both), and consequently reduced male fertility. The fertility rate of experimental group was 40.9%, which was significant lower (P=0.012) than control group (81.8%). No significant change in mating behavior, sperm production and histology of testis/epididymis was observed. Given that Catsper1 exhibits a high degree of homology among different species, Catsper1 DNA vaccine might be a good strategy for developing an immunocontraceptive vaccine for human and animal use.     

猪戊型肝炎核酸疫苗的构建及在BAL B/C小鼠免疫效应

将含有kozak序列及BamH I的上游引物和带有终止密码子及EcoRV酶切位点的下游引物,以猪HEVDQ1 ORF2为模板,进行PCR。将扩增片段和pcDNA3.1质粒以BamH I/EcoRV进行双酶切后进行连接。连接产物转化至大肠杆菌DH5α,经测序证明该序列正确,命名为pcDQ1。进行pcDQ1质粒提取,以Vero细胞为表达细胞进行转染,以间接免疫荧光试验进行验证。以100μg/次/只剂量的pcDQ1对BAL B/C小鼠进行免疫以获取单因子血清。共免疫3次,采集血清,进行ELISA效价测定。结果表明,该核酸疫苗可以免疫使小鼠产生抗体。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的动物免疫试验

血凝素(HA)是决定禽流感病毒的毒力强弱和免疫原性的主要蛋白质.根据已发表的H9亚型AIV的HA基因序列,设计合成了1对H9 HA特异引物,以AIV A/Chicken/Henan/1/1999/(H9N2)核酸为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增出1条1.6 kb cDNA片段.将HA基因插入pVAX1中,构建了真核表达质粒pVAX-H9.采用活体电击法免疫3周龄SPF鸡10只,剂量为50 μg/只,3周后加强免疫一次,5周后以100倍鸡胚感染剂量(EID)的HA基因同源病毒对所有鸡进行攻毒.其间每周检测抗体水平变化,6周后以棉拭子进行泄殖腔病毒分离.结果为攻毒后免疫组鸡HI效价为9log2～10log2,对照组为2log2～4log2;免疫组病毒分离数为0/10,对照组为10/10.表明所构建的HA基因表达质粒可作为基因疫苗诱导鸡产生免疫保护反应.     

DNA Vaccine Encoding Hemagglutinin Provides Protective Immunity against H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice

In Hong Kong in 1997, a highly lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus was apparently transmitted directly from chickens to humans with no intermediate mammalian host and caused 18 confirmed infections and six deaths. Strategies must be developed to deal with this virus if it should reappear, and prospective vaccines must be developed to anticipate a future pandemic. We have determined that unadapted H5N1 viruses are pathogenic in mice, which provides a well-defined mammalian system for immunological studies of lethal avian influenza virus infection. We report that a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin from the index human influenza isolate A/HK/156/97 provides immunity against H5N1 infection of mice. This immunity was induced against both the homologous A/HK/156/97 (H5N1) virus, which has no glycosylation site at residue 154, and chicken isolate A/Ck/HK/258/97 (H5N1), which does have a glycosylation site at residue 154. The mouse model system should allow rapid evaluation of the vaccine’s protective efficacy in a mammalian host. In our previous study using an avian model, DNA encoding hemagglutinin conferred protection against challenge with antigenic variants that differed from the primary antigen by 11 to 13% in the HA1 region. However, in our current study we found that a DNA vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin from A/Ty/Ir/1/83 (H5N8), which differs from A/HK/156/97 (H5N1) by 12% in HA1, prevented death but not H5N1 infection in mice. Therefore, a DNA vaccine made with a heterologous H5 strain did not prevent infection by H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mice but was useful in preventing death.     

低氘水对小鼠免疫调节作用的研究

探讨低氘水(deuterium-depleted water,DDW)对小鼠免疫调节的作用。实验组小鼠以低氘水作为饮用水,对照组饮自来水,饲养6周,分别测定免疫蛋白IgG,,IgM的含量,脾脏指数和胸腺指数(mg/g),脾淋巴细胞增殖能力,迟发型变态反应,NK细胞活性以及T细胞亚群CD4+和CD4+/CD8+的变化,观察低氘水对小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能的影响。结果低氘水能显著提高IgM,脾脏指数的水平和CD4+,CD4+/CD8+的含量。低氘水对小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能具有一定的增强作用。     

RT-PCR测定组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)在转基因鼠乳腺表达的研究

利用所构建的乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体（Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ）载体．对５４０枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经ＰＣＰ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,获得６只整合有人Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ转基因小鼠．为了精确研究转基因在小鼠体内的表达,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＰ方法测定转基因鼠在泌乳期１～２０ｄＬａ－ｔＰＡ基因的转录,结果表明,在转基因鼠乳腺的Ｌａ－ｔＰＡｍＲＮＡ水平在１０～１５ｄ最高,在２０ｄ时降为最低．外源基因在转基因小鼠乳腺的表达规律研究为未来利用转基因动物生产Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ提供依据     

Helminth Coinfection Does Not Affect Therapeutic Effect of a DNA Vaccine in Mice Harboring Tuberculosis

Background

Helminthiasis and tuberculosis (TB) coincide geographically and there is much interest in exploring how concurrent worm infections might alter immune responses against bacilli and might necessitate altered therapeutic approaches. A DNA vaccine that codifies heat shock protein Hsp65 from M. leprae (DNAhsp65) has been used in therapy during experimental tuberculosis. This study focused on the impact of the co-existence of worms and TB on the therapeutic effects of DNAhsp65.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Mice were infected with Toxocara canis or with Schistosoma mansoni, followed by coinfection with M. tuberculosis and treatment with DNAhsp65. While T. canis infection did not increase vulnerability to pulmonary TB, S. mansoni enhanced susceptibility to TB as shown by higher numbers of bacteria in the lungs and spleen, which was associated with an increase in Th2 and regulatory cytokines. However, in coinfected mice, the therapeutic effect of DNAhsp65 was not abrogated, as indicated by colony forming units and analysis of histopathological changes. In vitro studies indicated that Hsp65-specific IFN-γ production was correlated with vaccine-induced protection in coinfected mice. Moreover, in S. mansoni-coinfected mice, DNA treatment inhibited in vivo TGF-β and IL-10 production, which could be associated with long-term protection.

Conclusions/Significance

We have demonstrated that the therapeutic effects of DNAhsp65 in experimental TB infection are persistent in the presence of an unrelated Th2 immune response induced by helminth infections.     

A Novel MVA Vectored Chikungunya Virus Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity in Mice

Background

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arbovirus associated with febrile illness often accompanied by rash and arthralgia that may persist for several years. Outbreaks are associated with high morbidity and create a public health challenge for countries affected. Recent outbreaks have occurred in both Europe and the Americas, suggesting CHIKV may continue to spread. Despite the sustained threat of the virus, there is no approved vaccine or antiviral therapy against CHIKV. Therefore, it is critical to develop a vaccine that is both well tolerated and highly protective.

Methodology/Principal Findings

In this study, we describe the construction and characterization of a modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) virus expressing CHIKV E3 and E2 proteins (MVA-CHIK) that protected several mouse models from challenge with CHIKV. In particular, BALB/c mice were completely protected against viremia upon challenge with CHIKV after two doses of MVA-CHIK. Additionally, A129 mice (deficient in IFNα/β) were protected from viremia, footpad swelling, and mortality. While high anti-virus antibodies were elicited, low or undetectable levels of neutralizing antibodies were produced in both mouse models. However, passive transfer of MVA-CHIK immune serum to naïve mice did not protect against mortality, suggesting that antibodies may not be the main effectors of protection afforded by MVA-CHIK. Furthermore, depletion of CD4⁺, but not CD8⁺ T-cells from vaccinated mice resulted in 100% mortality, implicating the indispensable role of CD4⁺ T-cells in the protection afforded by MVA-CHIK.

Conclusions/Significance

The results presented herein demonstrate the potential of MVA to effectively express CHIKV E3-E2 proteins and generate protective immune responses. Our findings challenge the assumption that only neutralizing antibodies are effective in providing protection against CHIKV, and provides a framework for the development of novel, more effective vaccine strategies to combat CHIKV.