《宋史》人物遗传、疾病和环境对寿限的影响

将《宋史》本纪、列传人物７９３人的寿限按姓氏和阴阳类型及疾病按病因类统计分析。结果表明：⑴赵姓中因为包括了个某种“早卒”遗传病的家族,其寿限平均值较王、李、张、刘、陈等５姓的短,Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５;而这５姓群体间的平均寿限值均无统计学上的差别,均符合中性等位基因分布的特征。⑵阴阳中和型遗传系统的平均寿限较阳型遗传系统高,Ｐ＜０．０５。⑶疾病与不良环境是寿限的限制因素,提高个体的抗性是长寿的重要     

2型糖尿病证病结合动物模型的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病证病结合动物模型的造模方法及成模标准,建立2型糖尿病病证结合动物模型。方法应用STZ造成大鼠糖尿病（FBG≥16.7mmol/L）后应用中药造成中医阴阳两虚;阴虚热盛;气阴两虚;血瘀气滞证候模型。结果（1）造模后出现饮水增多、尿量增多、生长迟缓、身体消瘦、拉尾排便、排尿等糖尿病大鼠共同特征。阴阳两虚组大鼠还出现大便干燥、舌红等征象;阴虚热盛组大鼠出现大便干燥、舌红等征象;气阴两虚组大鼠出现精神萎糜、倦怠懒动、舌胖大,少津;血瘀气滞组大鼠还出现背毛减少、臀部毛色枯黄、性情暴烈、易激惹、捕捉时叫声频繁、抵抗力大、攻击行为频繁、大便质稀色深、舌质暗等血瘀气滞气滞的症状。（2）实验室指标有不同程度改变。结论应用传统的糖尿病造模方法与糖尿病病证特点和中药四气五味药性理论相结合,研制2型糖尿病病证结合动物模型具有可行性。     

Expression profiling-based clustering of healthy subjects recapitulates classifications defined by clinical observation in Chinese medicine

Differences between healthy subjects and associated disease risks are of substantial interest in clinical medicine. Based on clinical presentations, Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) classifies healthy people into nine constitutions: Balanced, Qi, Yang or Yin deficiency, Phlegm-dampness, Damp-heat, Blood stasis,Qi stagnation, and Inherited special constitutions. In particular, Yang and Yin deficiency constitutions exhibit cold and heat aversion, respectively. However, the intrinsic molecular characteristics of unbalanced phenotypes remain unclear. To determine whether gene expression-based clustering can recapitulate TCM-based classification, peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were collected from Chinese Han individuals with Yang/Yin deficiency(n ? 12 each) and Balanced(n ? 8) constitutions, and global gene expression profiles were determined using the Affymetrix HG-U133 A Plus 2.0 array. Notably,we found that gene expression-based classifications reflected distinct TCM-based subtypes. Consistent with the clinical observation that subjects with Yang deficiency tend toward obesity, series-clustering analysis detected several key lipid metabolic genes(diacylglycerol acyltransferase(DGAT2), acyl-Co A synthetase(ACSL1), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1(ABCA1)) to be down-and upregulated in Yin and Yang deficiency constitutions, respectively. Our findings suggest that Yin/Yang deficiency and Balanced constitutions are unique entities in their m RNA expression profiles. Moreover,the distinct physical and clinical characteristics of each unbalanced constitution can be explained, in part,by specific gene expression signatures.     

粤北山地常绿阔叶林自然干扰后冠层结构与林下光照动态

以粤北车八岭2008年受冰灾破坏的山地常绿阔叶林为研究对象,设置2 hm2固定样地开展连续3a(2008—2010年)的群落调查,并采用半球面影像技术(Hemispherical photography)获取冠层结构和林下光照指标,分析灾后森林演替过程中冠层结构和林下光照的动态。研究发现:1)灾后森林恢复过程中,样地林下光照(直射光、散射光和总光照)均随林冠开度的减少、叶面积指数的增加而减少;2)从2008到2010年,各年度冠层结构和林下光照的差异均极显著(P<0.0001),但年间差异程度有逐年减少的趋势;3)灾后森林恢复前3a,林下直射光对林下总光照的贡献大于散射光,其时空波动性也大于散射光;4)林冠开度对冠层结构的反映程度比叶面积指数高,冠层结构对林下散射光的影响比对直射光大。灾后林木先是迅速生长然后生长速度缓慢下来并逐渐稳定,随森林逐渐郁闭林下光照也随之减少,其中林冠开度用于评价冠层结构动态的效果更佳,林下直射光比散射光的时空变化更复杂。     

The Role of Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells

Grain boundaries (GBs) play an important role in most polycrystalline solar cells. In perovskite solar cells, the research community is just starting to understand their effects on performance and long‐term durability. In this essay, three important questions are explored: Do GBs affect: 1) recombination and thus open‐circuit voltage? Not dramatically, if at all; 2) current–voltage hysteresis? Most studies show that hysteresis is dominated by defects at GBs; and 3) long‐term durability? Yes, GBs definitely help increase the rate of perovskite degradation. In this essay, the latest reports are summarized and the authors' perspective on this very important subject is given.     

Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida from masu salmon in the Republic of Korea

The isolation and identification of the Gram-negative fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida, from masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) at the Yang Yang Salmon Hatchery in the Republic of Korea is described. The bacterium possessed certain characteristics in common with isolates from fish in Japan. It is an important cause of mortality among cultured salmonids in the Republic of Korea. This is the first report of this fish pathogen from the Asian mainland.     

Yin Yang Gene Expression Ratio Signature for Lung Cancer Prognosis

Many studies have established gene expression-based prognostic signatures for lung cancer. All of these signatures were built from training data sets by learning the correlation of gene expression with the patients'' survival time. They require all new sample data to be normalized to the training data, ultimately resulting in common problems of low reproducibility and impracticality. To overcome these problems, we propose a new signature model which does not involve data training. We hypothesize that the imbalance of two opposing effects in lung cancer cells, represented by Yin and Yang genes, determines a patient’s prognosis. We selected the Yin and Yang genes by comparing expression data from normal lung and lung cancer tissue samples using both unsupervised clustering and pathways analyses. We calculated the Yin and Yang gene expression mean ratio (YMR) as patient risk scores. Thirty-one Yin and thirty-two Yang genes were identified and selected for the signature development. In normal lung tissues, the YMR is less than 1.0; in lung cancer cases, the YMR is greater than 1.0. The YMR was tested for lung cancer prognosis prediction in four independent data sets and it significantly stratified patients into high- and low-risk survival groups (p = 0.02, HR = 2.72; p = 0.01, HR = 2.70; p = 0.007, HR = 2.73; p = 0.005, HR = 2.63). It also showed prediction of the chemotherapy outcomes for stage II & III. In multivariate analysis, the YMR risk factor was more successful at predicting clinical outcomes than other commonly used clinical factors, with the exception of tumor stage. The YMR can be measured in an individual patient in the clinic independent of gene expression platform. This study provided a novel insight into the biology of lung cancer and shed light on the clinical applicability.     

温度、光辐射及水分对温室甜瓜幼苗干物质积累与分配的影响及其模拟模型

利用分期播种法和灌溉上限法,研究了温度、光辐射和水分等环境因子对温室甜瓜幼苗植株干物质积累与分配的影响,并基于积温学原理,综合环境其他因子,模拟建立了甜瓜幼苗受有效积温、日温差积累、光辐射积累等多因子驱动的干物质积累与分配模型．结果表明：周年不同播期,随着有效积温、光辐射积累及不同灌溉水分上限的变化,甜瓜幼苗期植株干物质积累和分配分别呈指数函数和二次抛物线函数变化,但不同播期及水分处理函数常数不同．综合分析认为,干物质积累和分配模型分别为有效积温驱动下的指数函数和二次抛物线函数,常数项均由日温差积累和光辐射积累驱动,它们之间为一次函数关系．验证结果表明,该模型能较为真实、客观地模拟植株干物质积累与分配变化过程,对甜瓜苗期生长分析与生产管理具有应用价值．     

RecA Expression in Response to Solar UVR in the Marine Bacterium Vibrio natriegens

Solar ultraviolet radiation may produce daily stress on marine and estuarine communities as cells are damaged and repair that damage. Reduction in the earth's stratospheric ozone layer has increased awareness of the potential effects that ultraviolet radiation may have in the environment, including how marine bacteria respond to changes in solar radiation. We examined the use of the bacterial RecA protein as an indicator of the potential of bacteria to repair DNA damage caused by solar UV irradiation using the marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens as a model. RecA is universally present in bacteria and is a regulator protein for the so-called Dark Repair Systems, which include excision repair, postreplication recombinational repair, and mutagenic or SOS repair. Solar UVB and UVA both reduced V. natriegens viability in seawater microcosms. After exposure to unfiltered solar radiation or radiation in which UVB was blocked, survival dropped below 1%, whereas visible light from which UVA and UVB had been filtered had no effect on survival. Using a RecA-specific antibody for detection, RecA protein was induced by solar radiation in a diel pattern in marine microcosms conducted in the Gulf of Mexico. Peak induction was observed at dusk each day. Although RecA expression was correlated with the formation of UVB-induced cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers, longer wavelength UVA radiation also induced recA gene expression. Our results demonstrate that RecA-regulated, light-independent repair is an important component in the ability of marine bacteria to survive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and that RecA expression is a useful monitor of bacterial repair after exposure to solar UVR.     

Oct-2 DNA binding transcription factor: functional consequences of phosphorylation and glycosylation

Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification often induce conformational changes and allow the protein to specifically interact with other proteins. Interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification at the same conserved site may result in the protein undergoing functional switches. We describe that at conserved Ser/Thr residues of human Oct-2, alternative phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification (Yin Yang sites) can be predicted by the YinOYang1.2 method. We propose here that alternative phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification at Ser191 in the N-terminal region, Ser271 and 274 in the linker region of two POU sub-domains and Thr301 and Ser323 in the POUh subdomain are involved in the differential binding behavior of Oct-2 to the octamer DNA motif. This implies that phosphorylation or O-GlcNAc modification of the same amino acid may result in a different binding capacity of the modified protein. In the C-terminal domain, Ser371, 389 and 394 are additional Yin Yang sites that could be involved in the modulation of Oct-2 binding properties.     

In silico modulation of HMGN-1 binding to histones and gene expression by interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification

Utilizing different computational methods; phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc modification and Yin Yang sites are predicted in HMGN-1. Prediction results suggest that interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification regulates binding and removal of HMGN-1 with the nucleosome and its translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm and back to nucleus, consequently modulating gene expression.     

中国海相早三叠世弓鲛鱼类(软骨鱼类)的首次报道——华南二叠系—三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之一

广西田东县作登下三叠统罗楼组产出弓鲛鱼类 :作登弓鲛Hyboduszuodengensis(Yangetal.)、乐氏弓鲛H .yohi (Yangetal.)和田东多尖齿鱼 (新种 )Polyacrodustiandongensissp .nov .,其中前二种化石以前曾被作为牙形类报道。这是弓鲛鱼类在中国海相早三叠世的首次报道。另外 ,本组还产出属种未定的硬骨鱼类化石 (Osteichthyesgen .etsp .indet.)。建立了我国海相早三叠世第一个鱼类带化石 ,作登弓鲛—乐氏弓鲛组合带 (Hyboduszuodengensis H .yohiAZ) ;伴生的有Neospathodushomeri N .triangularis牙形类带化石 ,该带化石延续的时限为奥伦尼克阶 (Olenekian)司帕斯期 (Spathian)早期。     

中国海相早三叠世弓鲛鱼类(软骨鱼类)的首次报道——华南二叠系一三叠系界线上下鱼类序列研究之一

广西田东县作登下三叠统罗楼组产出弓鲛鱼类作登弓鲛Hybodus zuodengensis(Yang et al.)、乐氏弓鲛H.yohi(Yang et al.)和田东多尖齿鱼(新种)Polyacrodus tiandongensis sp.nov.,其中前二种化石以前曾被作为牙形类报道.这是弓鲛鱼类在中国海相早三叠世的首次报道.另外,本组还产出属种未定的硬骨鱼类化石(Osteichthyes gen.et sp.indet.).建立了我国海相早三叠世第一个鱼类带化石,作登弓鲛-乐氏弓鲛组合带(Hybodus zuodengensisH.yhoi AZ);伴生的有Neospathodushomeri-N.triangularis牙形类带化石,该带化石延续的时限为奥伦尼克阶(Olenekian)司帕斯期(Spathian)早期.     

Effect on the Ras/Raf signaling pathway of post‐translational modifications of neurofibromin: In silico study of protein modification responsible for regulatory pathways

Mapping and chemical characterization of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins are critical to understand the regulatory mechanisms involving modified proteins and their role in disease. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, where NF1 mutations usually result in a reduced level of the tumor suppressor protein, neurofibromin (NF). NF is a multifunctional cytoplasmic protein that regulates microtubule dynamics and participates in several signaling pathways, particularly the RAS signaling pathway. NF is a Ras GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) that prevents oncogenesis by converting GTP‐Ras to GDP‐Ras. This function of NF is regulated by phosphorylation. Interplay of phosphorylation with O‐GlcNAc modification on the same or vicinal Ser/Thr residues, the Yin Yang sites, is well known in cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. The dynamic aspects of PTMs and their interplay being difficult to follow in vivo, we undertook this in silico work to predict and define the possible role of Yin Yang sites in NF‐1. Interplay of phosphorylation and O‐GlcNAc modification is proposed as a mechanism controlling the Ras signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 816–824, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

防洪改善计划对鸟类的生态影响

香港特别行政区新界内有23 hm^2的鱼塘和22 hm^2的耕地,在“元朗-锦田-牛潭尾主要防洪改善计划”中被改变成两条防洪渠（防洪渠60号和43号）.于该防洪改善计划中的生态监察调查中发现这两条防洪渠的鸟类数量均较原先的生境大大减少.在耕地改变成防洪渠43号的过程中,鸟类密度由33.9 只/hm^2减少至2.2只/hm^2.在鱼塘改变成防洪渠60号的过程中,鸟类密度由5.2 只/hm^2 减少至0.4只/hm^2.研究亦发现一些原本在鱼塘和耕地很常见的鸟类物种因为生境被改变而消失.这些转变可能和食物,植被及生境复杂程度的减少有关.另一方面,为纾缓因这防洪改善计划中损失的耕地生境,渠务署在防洪渠43号的河岸铺上混凝土草格,促进植物繁衍,为鸟类提供生境.但研究发现以混凝土草格建造的草坡并未能提供有效的纾缓措施,取代耕地生境以减少生态影响.     

Morphology and Efficiency: The Case of Polymer/ZnO Solar Cells

The performance of polymer solar cells critically depends on the morphology of the interface between the donor‐ and acceptor materials that are used to create and transport charge carriers. Solar cells based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and ZnO were fully characterized in terms of their efficiency and three‐dimensional (3D) morphology on the nanoscale. Here, we establish a quantitative link between efficiency and morphology by using the experimental 3D morphology as direct input for a 3D optoelectronic device model. This model includes the effects of exciton diffusion and quenching; space‐charge; recombination, generation, drift and diffusion of charge carriers; and the injection/extraction of carriers at the contacts. The observed trend in internal quantum efficiency as a function of layer thickness is reproduced with a single set of parameters. Several morphological aspects that determine the internal quantum efficiency are discussed and compared to other organic solar cells. This first direct use of morphological data in an optoelectronic device model highlights the importance of morphology in solar cells.