六角果鸢尾离体快繁技术体系的构建

为构建六角果鸢尾(Iris hexagona)的离体快繁体系,以其幼嫩根状茎为外植体,研究了培养基和植物生长调节剂对不定芽诱导、增殖和植株生根的影响。结果表明,根状茎用0.1%Hg Cl2消毒13 min的效果较佳;不定芽诱导最适培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg L–1+NAA 0.5 mg L–1+蔗糖30 g L–1+琼脂7.5 g L–1,不定芽增殖的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg L–1+NAA0.2 mg L–1+KT 0.3 mg L–1+蔗糖30 g L–1+琼脂7.5 g L–1;在MS+IBA 1.5 mg L–1+蔗糖30 g L–1+琼脂7.5 g L–1培养基上不定芽生根率可达100%;腐殖土和珍珠岩+泥炭土+蛭石(1∶2∶1)均可作为组培苗移栽的适宜基质,移栽成活率可达100%。     

中粒种咖啡花药培养成完整植株

1 植物名称中粒种咖啡(coffea robusta)。 2 材料类别花药。 3 培养条件基本培养基为MS,(1)诱导愈伤组织培养基附加KT0.8 mg/L(单位下同)、2,4-D 0.8、NAA1、蔗糖5％、琼脂0.5％,pH 5.8。(2)诱导胚状体培养基附加BA 2、KT 0.5、NAA 0.2、CH 500、蔗糖3％、琼脂0.6％,pH 5.8。(3)胚状体分化成苗培养基为3/4MS附加BA0.5、NAA0.8、GA0.1、活性炭0.1％、蔗糖2.5％、琼脂0.7％,pH 5.8。培养温度25     

菜心组织培养技术初探

为建立菜心(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.utilis)的快繁技术体系,以花药和子叶-子叶柄为外植体进行组织培养研究。结果表明,花药培养以选取未开放的花蕾为宜,且花柱略高于花瓣,此时小孢子多数处于单核靠边期。菜心花粉的萌发率不高,且秋冬季的花粉比夏季的萌发率高。菜心花药愈伤组织诱导培养基为:MS+1.0 mg L–1 KT+1.0 mg L–1 2,4-D+3%糖+6 g L–1琼脂+8%椰乳,不定芽诱导培养基为:MS+2.0 mg L–1 6-BA+0.5 mg L–1 NAA+1.0 g L–1活性炭+2%糖+6 g L–1琼脂或MS+2.0 mg L–1 ZT+0.5 mg L–1 IAA+0.5 g L–1 AgNO3+1.0 g L–1活性炭+2%糖+6 g L–1琼脂。花药培养的不定芽诱导率为36.7%,不定芽培养出现褐化现象,不能形成再生植株;而以子叶-子叶柄为外植体培养获得的植株再生率可达80%。     

安祖花胚性愈伤组织诱导及植株再生研究

为构建安祖花(Anthurium andreanum)胚性愈伤组织再生体系,以3个盆栽品种幼嫩叶片和叶柄为外植体,分析了基本培养基、植物生长调节剂组合和培养条件等因素的影响。结果表明,安祖花胚性愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为改良MS3+1.5 mg L–1 2,4-D+0.5 mg L–1 KT+4%蔗糖+2%葡萄糖+0.25%Phytagel,且胚性愈伤组织诱导能力差异显著,表现为?粉冠军??罗宾奴??冠军?和叶片叶柄,其中?粉冠军?叶片的胚性愈伤组织诱导率可达57.9%。胚状体分化的最佳培养基为1/2改良MSa+2%蔗糖+0.25%Phytagel,其中?粉冠军?叶片诱导的胚状体分化率可达31.6%,且在光、暗下分化率的差异不显著。分化苗移栽后的成活率可达100%。     

绒毛白蜡体胚诱导和植株再生

该文探讨了基本培养基、外植体、培养条件以及植物生长调节剂配比对绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)体胚诱导的影响。结果表明,胚根是诱导体胚发生的最佳外植体;体胚诱导的最适培养基为改良MS+2 mg·L~(–1) 6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(–1) NAA、30g·L~(–1)蔗糖、5.0 g·L~(–1)琼脂;暗培养20天后进行光照培养(14小时光照/10小时黑暗),光密度为100~(–1)20μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1),昼温度(25±2)°C,夜温度(18±2)°C;成功诱导出体细胞胚并获得再生植株,体胚诱导率可达59.8%,体胚萌发率达81.2%。壮苗最适培养基为改良WPM+0.5 mg·L~(–1) 6-BA+0.2 mg·L~(–1) ZT+0.01 mg·L~(–1) NAA。生根最适培养基为改良1/2MS+1.0 mg·L~(–1)IBA+0.05 mg·L~(–1) NAA+20 g·L~(–1)蔗糖,生根率高达97.3%,试管苗移栽成活率达97.8%。     

‘SK4—316’胡萝卜体胚的诱导和培养

以'SK4-316'胡萝卜无菌苗的下胚轴为外植体,研究不同培养基配方和培养条件对愈伤组织诱导、体细胞胚间接发生及其同步化培养的影响,以及不同脱分化时间、脱分化培养基及外植体续存时间对体细胞胚直接发生的诱导及其培养的影响.结果表明:含3%蔗糖、0.8%琼脂的1/2MS + 2,4-D 2.5 mg/L + 6-BA(或KT)0.5 mg/L + CH 300 mg/L是诱导愈伤组织的良好培养基;1/2MS + 2,4-D 1.25 mg/L + KT 0.25 mg/L + 6-BA 0.25 mg/L(含3%蔗糖)适于愈伤组织分化并诱导体胚发生,0.02% ABA对体胚的诱导有促进作用,0.06% ABA或15% PEG能促进体胚成熟;外植体在MS + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L固体培养基上脱分化培养48 h,再转入MS + CH 300 g/L液体培养基中可诱导体胚直接发生,但随着外植体续存于诱导培养基中时间的延长,体胚发生变异的几率也渐增.     

甘蓝花药培养胚状体诱导形成影响因子研究

用甘蓝F1、F2和自交系S33个世代6种基因型材料进行甘蓝花药培养诱导胚状体形成影响因子研究。结果显示:(1)高浓度蔗糖对甘蓝胚状体形成具有显著的诱导作用,6%蔗糖浓度是甘蓝花药培养的最适浓度,其胚状体的诱导率最高达12.2%;(2)材料基因型是影响花药培养的主要因素,F2和F1代材料胚状体诱导效果好,且胚状体诱导率F2代(F2P192和F2P194)18.9%比F1代(F1S17和F1S13)17.1%较高,但差异不显著,自交系S3代材料很难诱导出胚状体;(3)B5培养基比MS培养基更适合甘蓝花药胚状体的诱导培养。结果表明,甘蓝F2代是其花药诱导培养胚状体的最佳基因型材料,B5 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 2.0 mg/L KT 6%Suc是甘蓝花药诱导培养胚状体的最适培养基。     

‘凤丹白’牡丹不定芽的诱导和生根研究

将‘凤丹白’牡丹胚萌发形成的无菌苗接种于含不同植物生长调节剂组合的MS培养基,研究了不同植物生长调节剂组合对‘凤丹白’牡丹不定芽的诱导及生根率的影响.试验证明,在MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖3％(W/V)+琼脂0.65％(W/V),pH5.8培养基上,‘凤丹白’牡丹胚萌发率可达100％.‘凤丹白’牡丹胚萌发2周后转接于不定芽诱导的培养基MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+GA3 0.02 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖3％(W/V)+琼脂0.6％(W/V),pH5.8上,不定芽诱导的频率最高为50％.培养30 d后,将其转接于生根培养基1/2MS+2Ca2++6-BA 0.1 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+硫酸锌0.005％(W/V)+硫酸锰0.005％(W/V)+蔗糖2.5％(W/V)+琼脂0.56％(W/V),pH5.8上,生根率达60％.     

转抗虫基因欧美黑杨离体快繁技术研究

以抗虫欧美黑杨的叶,带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快繁技术研究。最佳接种时间为8月份,新芽生长迅速。基本培养基为MS,较适初培养基为MS＋6－BA0.5mg/L（以下单位同）＋NAA0.01mg/,附加30g/L,蔗糖,7g/L琼脂。愈伤组织诱导并同时分化出新芽培养基为MS＋6－BA1.5 NAA0.3,附加40g/L蔗糖,6g/L琼脂。继代增殖培养基为MS 6-BA1.0 NAA0.1 GA2.0,附加30g/L蔗糖,5g/L琼脂。生根培养基为MS＋IBA2．0。     

番木瓜体细胞胚胎发育与植株再生

以番木瓜(穗中红-48)漏斗型体细胞胚胎为材料,探讨体细胞胚胎发育及植株再生的适宜条件。研究结果表明,附加2%椰乳、0.1mg/L ABA及40g/L蔗糖的MS固体培养基较适合番木瓜漏斗型胚状体的发育及成熟。充分成熟的子叶型胚状体在大量元素减半、蔗糖含量30g/L的MS培养基上,配合15001x光照可再生健康小植株;再生率为78%。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.