人白细胞介素家族的新成员—IL—19，IL—20，IL—21，IL—22，IL—23

白细胞介素是激活的T细胞分泌的一类细胞因子,它们在免疫调节中发挥重要作用,具有很高的临床应用价值。迄今为止,已有23种人白细胞介素被发现,构成了一个庞大的家族,其中2000－2001年间,就有5种人白细胞介素家族最新成员的序列被阐明,本文简单介绍了它们的结构,诱导表达方式,功能,及其信号相关受体等各个方面的最新研究进展。     

玉米果糖—6—磷酸，2—激酶／果糖—2，6—二磷酸酶基因的结构与表达分析

通过RT-PCR,结果RACE技术,得到了玉米（Zea maysL.)果糖-6-磷酸,2-激酶/果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶的全长cDNA克隆。命名为mF2KP,氨基酸序列同源性比较发现,mF2KP蛋白可以分为两个部分;C端包含高度保守的催化功能区。N端为植物中特有的多肽,将mF2KP基因中一段包含完整催化功能区的片段在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli)中表达,融合蛋白具有果糖-6-磷酸,2-激酶/果糖-2,6-二磷酸酶活性,Northern杂交证明在种子活力不同的幼苗中,mF2KP的转录水平存在明显差异。种子活力越高,幼苗中mF2KP的转录水平越低。     

信号蛋白质14—3—3研究进展

14－3－3信号蛋白质家族是一组高度保守,分布十分广泛的多功能真核生物蛋白质,具有7个亚型,与各种信号肽分子包括激酶、磷酸酶、膜转移受体等结构,参与细胞内信号传导包括有丝分裂信号转导、细胞周期调节、细胞凋亡等,并对朊蛋白病有重要诊断价值。     

反义c—fos和c—jun抑制IL—1诱导阿片肽分泌

白细胞介素（ＩＬ－１）及阿片肽作为神经调质参与了神经细胞兴奋性毒性作用,以大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞为研究对象,探讨了ＩＬ－１、阿片肽和ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ表达产物之间的关系,结果表明,ＩＬ－１β能诱导大脑皮层神经细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ、ｃ－ｊｕｎ ｍＲＮＡ瞬时短暂表达,１５ｍｉｎ增高,３０ｍｉｎ达高峰,ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ ２ｈ回至基线水平,ｃ－ｊｕｎ ｍ ＲＮＡ ８ｈ回至基线水平;联合应用ｃ－ｆｏｓ,ｃ－     

香茄环斑病毒HC—RT—PCR—ELISA检测

番茄环斑病毒（ToRSV)是我国对外检疫一类有害生物。目前国内尚无存在的报道。PCR技术是一种快速灵敏的植物病毒检测方法,但核酸内的聚合酶抑制物会导致漏检现象。而只通过凝胶电泳进行结果判定会出现假阳性,这两方面限制了PCR技术在对外检疫中的应用,利用共价结合在PCR管壁上的引物特异性杂交诱捕核酸粗提液中的靶标核酸,洗掉杂质及抑制物质,在同一管内作RT-PCR,凝胶电泳检测液相产物的同时对固相产物进行杂交检测。提高了结果的可靠性及灵敏度。利用所建立的HC-RT-PCR-ELISA成功地从法国进口葡萄苗中检出ToRSV。本方法可用于其他植物病毒及转基因产品的检测。     

用酸碱法从而包酵母中提取β——（1——3）——D葡聚糖

研究了用酸－碱法制备水不溶性葡聚糖的工艺。０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＯＨ在１００℃作用２ｈ,能有效地去除甘露聚糖,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的酸使不溶性的葡聚糖的比粘度增加,除去糖元,分析表明,产品为β－Ｄ－葡聚糖,其中β－（１－３）－Ｄ－葡聚糖约为８７％。     

基因工程技术合成一种新的酮内酯类化合物3—去氧—3—羰基—红霉内酯B

大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来生物工程领域研究的一个热点 ,利用基因工程改造大环内酯类抗生素合成基因 ,已经合成了 10 0多种“非天然”的天然化合物 ,为筛选新抗生素开辟了新的途径。本研究以糖多孢红霉菌Ａ2 2 6基因组ＤＮＡ为模板 ,先用ＰＣＲ扩增出红霉素合成基因ｅｒｙＫＲ6两侧片段 ,再用重叠ＰＣＲ将其拼接成去除ＫＲ6的约 3.2ｋｂＤＮＡ片段 ,并克隆于ｐＷＨＭ3载体 ,构建了同源重组质粒ｐＷＨＭ2 2 0 1。用ＰＥＧ介导将ｐＷＨＭ2 2 0 1转入糖多孢红霉菌Ａ2 2 6原生质体。ＰＣＲ鉴定和生物活性检测均显示ｐＷＨＭ2 2 0 1已重…     

PIC-BE对K_(562)/ADM多药耐药细胞mdr-1和bcl-2基因表达的影响

本文以多药耐药(MDR)细胞株K_(562)/ADM作为实验模型,研究了β-榄香烯吗素(PIC-BE)对该细胞中mdr-1、bcl-2和bax基因及其编码蛋白(P-gp、Bcl-2和Bax)表达的影响。结果显示,PIC-BE可显著抑制K_(562)/ADM细胞中mdr-1、bcl-2及P-gp和Bcl-2的表达,并在一定的范围内呈现对浓度和时间的依赖性。相同条件下,PIC-BE对该细胞中Bax的表达虽有所促进,但统计学上无显著差异,提示PIC-BE对K_(562)/ADM细胞MDR的逆转作用可能是通过其直接或间接地影响到该细胞mdr-1、bcl-2及P-gp和Bcl-2的表达或功能而实现。     

mdr-1和bcl-2基因在K562/ADM多药耐药细胞中的共表达

为探讨肿瘤细胞多药耐药(MDR)形成的分子机理,本文观察了mdr-1、bcl-2和bax基因及其编码蛋白在人红白血病细胞株K562/ADM中的可能共表达。结果显示,在K562/ADM细胞中,在以mdr-1及P-gp过度表达为 特征的MDR形成时,其bcl-2及产物Bcl-2也过度表达,其中Bcl-2的表达阳性率约为相应敏感株K562的11倍;而Bax在二种细胞中均呈阳性表达,但无显著差异(P>0.05),提示bcl-2基因在mRNA和蛋白水平上的过度表达可能是K562/ADM细胞MDR形成时细胞凋亡耐受的分子基础。     

PIC-BE诱导K562/ADM细胞凋亡及逆转其MDR的研究

β榄香烯吗素（ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ）是抗癌新药β榄香烯的水溶性衍生物．采用人红白血病的多药耐药性（ＭＤＲ）细胞株Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ作为实验模型,观察ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ对Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,并进而研究其对该细胞ＭＤＲ的可能影响．结果显示：（１）Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞对ＡＤＭ具有明显的抗性,与Ｋ５６２细胞相比,抗性倍数约为４０倍,而两者对ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ的ＩＣ５０接近,无显著差异;（２）ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ（１０．０～３０．０μｇ／ｍｌ）对Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞具有明显的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,两种作用的强度在一定的范围内均具药物浓度和作用时间依赖性;（３）低毒剂量ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ（１０．０μｇ／ｍｌ）与ＡＤＭ（４．０μｇ／ｍｌ）联合应用,可显著增强ＡＤＭ对该细胞的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,升高细胞内ＡＤＭ的浓度,降低该细胞对ＡＤＭ的ＩＣ５０,使该细胞对ＡＤＭ的抗性有数倍逆转．上述结果提示,ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ不仅是一种有效的广谱抗肿瘤剂,而且也是一种有效的ＭＤＲ逆转剂     

Mechanisms of drug resistance of two cell lines of human chronic promyelocytic leukemia K562, resistant to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors adriamycin and etoposide]

Mechanisms of drug-resistance in two K562 cell lines selected for adriamycin and etoposide resistance (K562-ADR and K562-VP16, respectively) were studied. In K562-ADR cells, overexpression of mdr 1 gene and two-fold reduction of topoisomerase II alpha mRNA content were found, while topoisomerase II beta expression remained unchanged, compared to the parental cell line. Antiapoptotic bcl-2 mRNA level was four-fold decreased in K562-ADR cells, while the expression of other members of bcl-2 family was unaffected. In K562-VP16 cells five-fold reduction of topoisomerase II alpha expression was found with the absence of mdr 1 gene overexpression. The expression of antiapoptotic bcl-2 and proapoptotic bax genes was reduced in K562-VP16 cell line, while the content of bcl-2 mRNA was increased. Cytogenetic analysis of K562-VP16 cells revealed morphological changes in their cell karyotype and susceptibility of these cells to spontaneous polyploidization. Possible effects of etoposite on mitotic control in K562-VP16 cells are discussed.     

Overexpression of sorcin in multidrug resistant human leukemia cells and its role in regulating cell apoptosis

In an attempt to identify novel proteins involved in the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia cells, we adopted a proteomics approach to analyze protein expression patterns in leukemia cell lines, K562, and its MDR counterpart, K562/A02. Combining high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we compared the protein expression profiles between K562 and K562/A02. A total number of 22 protein spots with altered abundances of more than 2-fold were detected and 14 proteins were successfully identified. Consistent with our previous observations by cDNA microarray, sorcin, a 22-kDa calcium-binding protein, was also identified by this proteomic approach with a 10.4-fold up-regulation in K562/A02 cells. Overexpression of sorcin protein in K562 cells by gene transfection led to significantly reduced cytosolic calcium level and increased resistance to cell apoptosis. Further, leukemia cell lines over-expressing sorcin also showed up-regulation of Bcl-2, along with decreased level of Bax. Taken together, our results suggest that sorcin plays an important role in the emergence of MDR in leukemia cells via regulating cell apoptosis pathways, thus may represent both a new MDR marker for prognosis and a good target for anti-MDR drug development.     

Changes in the Expression of miR-381 and miR-495 Are Inversely Associated with the Expression of the MDR1 Gene and Development of Multi-Drug Resistance

Multidrug resistance (MDR) frequently develops in cancer patients exposed to chemotherapeutic agents and is usually brought about by over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which acts as a drug efflux pump to reduce the intracellular concentration of the drug(s). Thus, inhibiting P-gp expression might assist in overcoming MDR in cancer chemotherapy. MiRNAome profiling using next-generation sequencing identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) between parental K562 cells and MDR K562 cells (K562/ADM) induced by adriamycin treatment. Two miRs, miR-381 and miR-495, that were strongly down-regulated in K562/ADM cells, are validated to target the 3’-UTR of the MDR1 gene. These miRs are located within a miR cluster located at chromosome region 14q32.31, and all miRs in this cluster appear to be down-regulated in K562/ADM cells. Functional analysis indicated that restoring expression of miR-381 or miR-495 in K562/ADM cells was correlated with reduced expression of the MDR1 gene and its protein product, P-gp, and increased drug uptake by the cells. Thus, we have demonstrated that changing the levels of certain miR species modulates the MDR phenotype in leukemia cells, and propose further exploration of the use of miR-based therapies to overcome MDR.     

Reversal in multidrug resistance by magnetic nanoparticle of Fe3O4 loaded with adriamycin and tetrandrine in K562/A02 leukemic cells

Drug resistance is a primary hindrance for efficiency of chemotherapy. To investigate whether Fe3O4-magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs) loaded with adriamycin (ADM) and tetrandrine (Tet) would play a synergetic reverse role in multidrug resistant cell, we prepared the drug-loaded nanoparticles by mechanical absorption polymerization to act with K562 and one of its resistant cell line K562/A02. The survival of cells which were cultured with these conjugates for 48 h was observed by MTT assay. Using cells under the same condition described before, we took use of fluorescence microscope to measure fluorescence intensity of intracellular ADM at an excitation wavelength of488 nm. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was analyzed with flow cytometer. The expression ofmdrl mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that the growth inhibition efficacy of both the two cells increased with augmenting concentrations of Fe3O4-MNPs which were loaded with drugs. No linear correlation was found between fluorescence intensity of intracellular adriamycin and augmenting concentration of Fe3O4-MNPs. Tet could downregulate the level of mdr-1 gene and decrease the expression of P-gp. Furthermore, Tet polymerized with Fe3O4-MNPs reinforced this downregulation, causing a 100-fold more decrease in mdrl mRNA level, but did not reduce total P-gp content. Our results suggest that Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with ADM or Tet can enhance the effective accumulation of the drugs in K562/A02. We propose that Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with ADM and Tet probably have synergetic effect on reversal in multidrug resistance.     

Thymosin alpha1 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines

Thymosin alpha1 (Talpha1), a 28-amino acid peptide, is a well-known immune system enhancer for the treatment of various diseases. In the present investigation, the effects of Talpha1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human leukemia cell lines (HL-60, K562 and K562/ADM) were studied. The proliferation was significantly depressed after 96 h of treatment with Talpha1, and obvious signs of apoptosis, i.e., cell morphology, nuclei condensation and Annexin V binding, were observed thereafter. Moreover, the up-regulation of Fas/Apol (CD95) and decrease in bcl-2 anti-apoptotic gene expression were observed in apoptotic cells. The expression and the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) can be slightly inhibited by Talpha1. It is noteworthy that K562 and K562/ADM were more sensitive than HL-60 cells when subjected to Talpha1. Furthermore, HepG-2, the human hepatoma cell line, displayed significant less sensitivity to Talpha1 than all the human leukemia cell lines. D-Tubocurarine (TUB), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) antagonist, significantly antagonized the inhibition effects induced by Talpha1, whereas atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, did not exhibit such effects. All the results indicate that Talpha1 was able to significantly suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines.     

Regulatory mechanism of ZNF139 in multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer cells

Our previous study found increased zinc finger protein 139 (ZNF139) expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Purpose of the study is to further clarify the role and mechanism of ZNF139 in multi-drug resistance (MDR) of GC cells. MTT assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting were employed to detect susceptibility of GC cells to chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU, L-OHP) in vitro, and expressions of ZNF139 and MDR associated genes MDR1/P-gp, MRP1, Bcl-2, Bax were also detected. siRNA specific to ZNF139 was transfected into MKN28 cells, then chemosensitivity of GC cells as well as changes of ZNF139 and MDR associated genes were detected. It’s found the inhibition rate of 5-FU, L-OHP to well-differentiated GC tissues and cell line was lower than that in the poorly differentiated tissues and cell line; expressions of ZNF139 and MDR1/P-gp, MRP1 and Bcl-2 in well-differentiated GC tissues and cell line MKN28 were higher, while Bax expression was lower. After ZNF139-siRNA was transfected into MKN28, ZNF139 expression in GC cells was inhibited by 90 %; inhibition rate of 5-FU, L-OHP to tumor cells increased, and expressions of MDR1/P-gp, MRP1 and Bcl-2 were down-regulated, while Bax was up-regulated. ZNF139 was involved in GC MDR by promoting expressions of MDR1/P-gp, MRP1 and Bcl-2 and inhibiting Bax simultaneously.