适于加工面条的小麦品质研究现状

面条是我国北方人重要的主食。亚洲的面条主要分为日本加盐白色面条(WSN)和中国加碱黄色面条(YAN)两大类。与加工面条品质有关的小麦品质性状主要有籽粒制粉品质、面粉蛋白质或面筋的量和质、淀粉特性、色素含量，α-淀粉酶活性、脂类组成等。本文对适于加工面条的小麦品质特性的研究现状进行了综述。     

小麦品种蛋白质性状与中国干面条品质关系的研究

以我国小麦主产区——黄淮麦区的110个品种为材料,对小麦蛋白质品质性状与中国干面条品质之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,蛋白质含量与面条的色泽和表观呈显著负相关,与面条韧性呈显著正相关;沉降值、粉质仪和拉伸仪等反映蛋白质质量的参数与面条的韧性、粘性、光滑性和食味呈正相关,且多数达到显著水平;面团形成时间和稳定时间与面条的适口性呈显著负相关。小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基14 15、5 10、4 12亚基是适合制作优质面条的亚基,尤以14 15亚基为好;1、N、7 8、7 9和2 12亚基不是制作优质面条的适宜亚基。对于不同亚基组合,(1,14 15,2 12)是制作优质面条的理想亚基组合,(N,14 15,2 12)、(1,7 8,5 10)、(1,7 8,2 12)以及(1,7 8,4 12)是制作优质面条的较好组合,而(N,7 8,2 12)、(1,7 9,2 12)、(N,7 9,2 12)不适合制作优质面条。     

小麦农艺性状与品质特性的多元分析与评价

估算96个小麦品种(系)的11个农艺性状和10个品质特性参数的主成分,并以主成分和欧氏距离为基础,分别作二维排序分析和聚类分析。农艺性状的前4个主成分反映了85.3450%的原始数据信息量;品质特性的前4个主成分代表了89.1483%的原始数据信息量。以96个材料的主成分得分绘制二维排序图,27个小麦品种(系)表现为矮秆、子粒和旗叶较大,丰产性较好、综合农艺性状优良;32个小麦品种(系)表现为铁、锌含量较高,加工品质较好、综合品质特性优良。在系统聚类图中,农艺性状和品质特性分别被聚成5类。综合农艺性状较好的材料主要集中在第Ⅲ类和第Ⅳ类;综合品质特性较好的材料主要集中在第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类。综合分析发现,同时兼顾丰产性较好且子粒铁、锌含量较高,品质特性较好的小麦品种(系)有:泰山9818、西农822、轮选719、杨-31、西安837和中育9383。将聚类分析和二维排序分析结合起来,能较好的对小麦的性状组成做出综合评价,鉴定和评价出优质、高产、综合性状优良的小麦品种(系),为小麦遗传育种提供优良的种质资源,为合理选配亲本提供参考。     

不同加工方式下的冻干面条品质研究

冻干面条的加工存在若干方式,但是品质上差别较大。本文采用真空冷冻干燥的方法制成冻干面条,通过测定面条复水品质及质构特性,比较了蒸面和煮面两种不同的加工方式制成的冻干面条在品质上的差别,为研制一种高品质的冻干面条提供了借鉴。     

不同品质类型小麦谷蛋白聚合体含量及亚基组成的初步研究

以6个不同品质类型小麦品种为试验材料,对其面粉总蛋白含量(FP％)、谷蛋白总聚合体含量(TGP％)、大聚合体含量(GMP％)进行了测定和比较,并利用多层浓缩胶SDS—PAGE对不同品种小麦面粉大聚合体亚基组成进行了初步分析。结果表明：(1)面包和面条型小麦面粉谷蛋白总聚体含量明显高于饼干型小麦;(2)分子量约为32—43kD和14kD的亚基主要是组成麦谷蛋白大聚合体。     

收获期对BNS杂交小麦面粉和馒头品质的影响

以BNS低温敏感雄性不育系衍生的3个杂交种为材料,设置5月27日、5月31日和6月4日3个收获期,分析了不同收获时期对小麦面筋含量、面团流变学特性、淀粉糊化特性以及馒头加工品质的影响.结果表明: 收获时期对BNS杂交小麦的面粉白度、蛋白质和干湿面筋含量均有一定影响.最佳收获期因品种而异,百杂1号和百杂2号的最佳收获期为5月27日,百杂3号的最佳收获期为6月4日,此时期收获的小麦面粉品质最好,馒头综合评分和口感也均最好.其中百杂2号于5月27日收获的小麦同时适合馒头和面条的加工.     

《谷物品质与食品加工——小麦籽粒品质与食品加工》出版发行

《谷物品质与食品加工——小麦籽粒品质与食品加工》是魏益民教授及所领导的学者群体以陕西关中及黄淮冬麦区的小麦品种为材料,根据自己近十年来所进行的科学研究实践,对我国小麦磨粉品质、蛋白质及淀粉特性与加工品质、小麦籽粒品质与啤酒酿造、营养强化与小麦食品加工等问题,     

黄秋葵面条的研制

以黄秋葵粉、面粉为主要原料，在单因素试验的基础上，通过L9(33)正交试验对黄秋葵面条的加工工艺进行优化，结果表明：黄秋葵面条的最佳制作工艺条件为黄秋葵粉添加量7%、盐添加量2%、水添加量39%,在该加工工艺条件下制作得到的黄秋葵面条表面颜色均匀且光滑，略有黄秋葵的风味，质构咀嚼性为3 010.15，感官品质评分为 41.58分，可接受程度高。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基对加工品质影响的效应分析

分析了 2 50份小麦材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基 (HMW- GS)组成以及其中 66份材料的加工品质及面条制作品质。回归分析表明 :HMW- GS与 1 0种加工品质性状均有显著的线性关系。不同亚基对综合品质效应的得分大小依次为 :Glu- Al,1 >2 * >null;Glu- Bl,1 4 +1 5>7+8>1 7+1 8>>7+9;Glu- Dl,5+1 0 >>2 +1 2 >4+1 2。不同基因位点对品质的贡献大小顺序为 :Glu- Dl>Glu- Al>Glu- Bl。首次提出了 HMW- GS综合品质评分系统     

我国小麦品质改良的发展方向

小麦是我国的主要粮食作物之一,也是我国最重要的商品粮食和贮藏品种。据农业部统计,１９９７年小麦种植面积４．５亿亩,占粮食播种面积的２６．６％,产量１．２３亿吨,占粮食总产量的２４．９％。从总体上讲,我国的小麦品种的蛋白质含量与国外品种差异不大,但是蛋白质质量差,表现为面筋强度弱,面团流变学特性差,加工品质不好。随着市场经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,“标准粉”、“富强粉”已逐渐失去市场竞争力,各种专用粉,如面包粉、糕点粉、饺子粉、面条粉、方便面用粉和富硒、铁、钙等保健粉日趋进入市场。为适应“专用…     

A PCR-based marker for selection of starch and potential noodle quality in wheat

A strong association between the absence of the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) protein for the 4A chromosome of wheat and Japanese Udon noodle quality has been previously described. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular marker linked to the GBSS 4A locus which could be used to identify wheat with the desired texture for Udon noodles. PCR primers were designed to target this gene which gave a 440 bp PCR band, corresponding to the presence or absence of the 4A GBSS gene. Of the 268 genotypes screened with these primers, 267 were correctly identified using the PCR primers. The remaining genotype was shown to be heterogeneous for the marker. The PCR marker test developed has advantages over existing methods used to screen for Udon noodle starch quality as it enables high throughput, accurate tests to be carried out on leaves of young seedlings or mature seed and identify breeding lines that are heterogeneous for the 4A allele which will allow for reselections. Application of this PCR test will speed up selection for Udon noodle quality genotypes and reduce breeding costs for production of noodle wheat varieties. Abbreviations: CTAB, cetyltrimethlammonium bromide; FSV, flour swelling volume; GBSS, granule-bound starch synthase; IEF, isoelectric focusing; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.     

广西传统发酵米粉中乳酸菌的分离鉴定

对广西传统米粉发酵液中的乳酸菌进行分离筛选,获得6株纯培养优势菌株。通过形态学鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,结果表明其中4株乳酸菌属于戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus),另外2株鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。这2种乳酸菌均为对人类及动物安全的益生菌,该结果将为传统发酵米粉中有益微生物资源的挖掘和利用奠定基础。     

Microbiological quality of macaroni and noodle products obtained at retail markets.

The microbiological quality of macaroni and noodle products was determined by a statistically based national survey at the retail level. Geometric means of aerobic plate counts for macaroni and noodle products were 520 and 1,400 per g, respectively. Means for yeast and mold counts were 72 per g for macaroni and 100 per g for noodles. Means for counts of coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus were less than 3 per g for both products. Escherichia coli was not found in macaroni but was present in 0.5% of the noodle samples and ranged from 3 to 93 per g.     

Changes in color and texture of wheat noodles during chilled storage

Wheat noodles cooked for different periods of time were stored at 5 °C, and color changes in their cross sections were quantitatively assessed by digital image analysis. The color of noodles with flattened moisture distributions whitened greatly during the early stages of chilled storage due to the retrogradation of starch, with the color change showing a significant correlation with the changes in noodle fragility. Color changes were also measured for wheat noodles and noodles containing modified starch with internal moisture distributions, and local changes within the noodles were kinetically analyzed. The addition of modified starch significantly reduced the color change in the noodle interior, where the moisture content was relatively low. Scanning calorimetric measurements indicated differences in the gelatinized state of modified starch and original wheat starch at low moisture contents, which affected the rate of color change in the interior of noodles containing modified starch.     

Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Thai Fermented Rice Noodle

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - A total of 32 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from Khanom-jeen, a Thai traditional fermented rice noodle. They belonged to the genus Leuconostoc...     

Production of bioethanol and biodiesel using instant noodle waste

Instant noodle manufacturing waste was used as feedstock to convert it into two products, bioethanol and biodiesel. The raw material was pretreated to separate it into two potential feedstocks, starch residues and palm oil, for conversion to bioethanol and biodiesel, respectively. For the production of bioethanol, starch residues were converted into glucose by α-amylase and glucoamylase. To investigate the saccharification process of the pretreated starch residues, the optimal pretreatment conditions were determined. The bioethanol conversion reached 98.5 % of the theoretical maximum by Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35 fermentation after saccharification under optimized pretreatment conditions. Moreover, palm oil, isolated from the instant noodle waste, was converted into valuable biodiesel by use of immobilized lipase (Novozym 435). The effects of four categories of alcohol, oil-to-methanol ratio, reaction time, lipase concentration and water content on the conversion process were investigated. The maximum biodiesel conversion was 95.4 %.     

Development of food grade media for the preparation of Lactobacillus plantarum starter culture

Based on MRS medium, two types of food grade (FG) culture media (FG medium I and FG medium II) for the preparation of a concentrated starter culture of Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 0380 to manufacture a new type of instant Chinese noodle, the fermented instant Chinese noodle, were developed using FG materials. FG medium I, which is for normal static culture, contains table sugar (sucrose), Yeast peptone standard type F, Sunsoft Q-17S (emulsifier), sodium acetate, trisodium citrate and MnSO(4).4-5H(2)O. FG medium II was designed to be used for the pH-controlled jar fermentor culture conditions. Therefore, sodium acetate and trisodium citrate as a buffer to prevent acidification of medium were omitted from FG medium I. When L. plantarum NRIC 0380 was cultured under the pH-controlled jar fermentor culture conditions, the kinetics of growth, sugar consumption and lactic acid production in FG medium II were quite similar to those observed in the Difco Lactobacilli MRS Broth. Furthermore, growths of many lactobacilli strains isolated from various fermented foods in FG medium I were also quite similar to those observed in MRS medium. Therefore, simple and practical FG media for the culture of lactobacilli were successfully established.     

Associations between Rice,Noodle, and Bread Intake and Sleep Quality in Japanese Men and Women

Background

Previous studies have shown that a diet with a high-glycemic index is associated with good sleep quality. Therefore, we investigated the association of sleep quality with the intake of 3 common starchy foods with different glycemic indexes–rice, bread, and noodles–as well as the dietary glycemic index in a Japanese population.

Methods

The participants were 1,848 men and women between 20 and 60 years of age. Rice, bread, and noodle consumption was evaluated using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated by using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and a global score >5.5 was considered to indicate poor sleep.

Results

Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for poor sleep across the quintiles of rice consumption were 1.00 (reference), 0.68 (0.49–0.93), 0.61 (0.43–0.85), 0.59 (0.42–0.85), and 0.54 (0.37–0.81) (p for trend = 0.015); those for the quintiles of noodle consumption were 1.00 (reference), 1.25 (0.90–1.74), 1.05 (0.75–1.47), 1.31 (0.94–1.82), and 1.82 (1.31–2.51) (p for trend = 0.002). Bread intake was not associated with sleep quality. A higher dietary glycemic index was significantly associated with a lower risk of poor sleep (p for trend = 0.020).

Conclusion

A high dietary glycemic index and high rice consumption are significantly associated with good sleep in Japanese men and women, whereas bread intake is not associated with sleep quality and noodle consumption is associated with poor sleep. The different associations of these starchy foods with sleep quality might be attributable to the different glycemic index of each food.