药用异喹啉生物碱的研究：Ⅱ.地不容生物碱的研究

从地不容块根中分得四种生物碱A、B、C、D,经UV,IR,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,HRMS等方法鉴定了它们的结构,分别是cepharanthine (A),1-curine (B),isochondodendrine (C),ushinsunine (D)。C,D系首次从该植物中获得。     

伊贝母生物碱的研究

从吉林栽培的伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk)鳞茎中分得6种甾体生物碱,根据其理化性质、波谱分析及化学方法鉴定为:西贝素(imperialine,Ⅰ)、西贝素甙(imperia-line-3β-D-glucoside Ⅱ)、贝母辛(peimissine,Ⅲ)、西贝素氮氧化物(imperialine N-oxide,Ⅳ)。cyclopamiae(Ⅴ)和 cycloposine(Ⅵ)。西贝素氮氧化物为自然界中首次分得的新化合物。     

秦岭翠雀花中生物碱成分的研究

从秦岭翠雀花(Delphinium giraldii Diels)全草中分得14个已知生物碱：tongolinine(1)、氨茴酰牛扁碱(anthranoyllycoctonine)(2)、牛扁碱(1ycoctonine)(3)、dihydrogadesine(4)、tatsiensine(5)、siwanine A(6)、delsemine A(7)、delsemine B(8)、甲基牛扁碱(methyllycaconitine)(9)、ajacine(10)、delajacine(11)、delsoline(12)、滇乌碱(yunaconitine)(13)和查斯曼宁(chasmanine)(14)。应用光谱和与已知品对照TLC法鉴定了所有化合物的结构。     

中坝鹅掌叶附子中的生物碱成分

从中坝鹅掌叶附子(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx．)的块根中分离得到6个二萜生物碱,根据波谱方法分别鉴定为：songoramine(1)、次乌头碱(hypaconitine,2)、karakanine(3)、宋果灵(songorine,4)、尼奥宁(neoline,5)、附子灵(fuzline,6)。其中化合物3为首次从该植物的块根中分离鉴定。     

动物体内存在的阿片生物碱

存在于动物体内的内源性阿片类物质,不仅是阿片肽,还包括非肽类的吗啡样化合物,后者主要是吗啡和可待因,它们可在动物体内自身合成。     

崖椒茎的化学成分

从崖椒（Zanthoxglum schinifolutm Sieb.et Zucc.)茎的石油醚、二氯甲烷提取物中分离得到8个化合物。经物理常数测定及光谱（UV,IR,MS,NMR)分析鉴定其为（1）白鲜碱（dictamning),（2）茵芋碱（skimmianine),(3)滨蒿内酯（scoparone),(4)崖椒内酯（schinifolin),(5)莨菪亭（scopoletin),（6）7-羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素（7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin),（7）N-甲基弗林辛（N-methylflindersine),（8）β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol),其中化合物（5）、（6）和（7）为首次从该植物中分离。     

药用地不容中的生物碱

从药用地不容(Stephania officinarum Lo et Yang)的块根中分得8种生物碱,根据其理化性质、波谱分析及化学方法鉴定为异紫堇定碱(Ⅰ),1-四氢巴马汀碱(Ⅱ)、青风藤碱(Ⅲ)、克班宁(Ⅳ)、异波尔定碱(Ⅴ)、紫堇块茎碱(Ⅵ)、巴马汀碱(Ⅶ)和 N-β-甲基四氢巴马汀碱硝酸盐(Ⅷ)。其中Ⅰ为主要生物碱,得率为1.24%。Ⅷ为天然界中新的季铵型生物碱,并首次证实以硝酸盐形式存在于植物体中。     

马铃薯糖苷生物碱

本文概述了马铃薯糖苷生物碱的结构、种类、含量和分布及其与内外在生理环境条件的关系,讨论了它的生物合成途径,并指出了应用的方向。     

高乌头和彭州岩乌头中生物碱成分的研究

从生产高乌甲素的高乌头（Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｓｉｎｏｍｏｎｔａｍｕｍ Ｎａｋａｉ）“下脚料”中分得九个已知生物碱高乌甲素（ｌａｐｐａｃｏｎｉｔｎｅ）１,Ｎ－去乙酰高乌甲素（Ｎ－ｄｅａｃｅｔｙｌｌａｐｐａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ）２、刺乌宁（ｌａｐｐａｃｏｎｉｎｅ）３、刺乌定（ｌａｐｐａｃｏｎｉｄｉｎｅ）４、冉乌碱（ｒａｎａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ）５、Ｎ－去乙酰冉乌碱（Ｎ－ｄｅａｃｅｔｙｌｒａｎａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ）     

秋水仙碱对长春花突变细胞生长速率和长春质碱积累的影响

用0.5%秋水仙碱处理长春花愈伤组织,获得了多倍体突变细胞.初步的染色体检查显示,大多数突变的细胞为4倍体.突变细胞与普通细胞在生长速率、吲哚生物碱和长春质碱积累方面的差异比较表明,吲哚生物碱的积累并无大的差异,但是突变细胞的生长速率和长春质碱的积累量可分别达到普通细胞的2.9倍和5.2倍.     

The relationship of calcium and parathyroid hormone in their effect on heart cells

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the plasma concentration of which is raised in uremia, has been suggested as one of the agents responsible for the myocardial changes commonly seen in uremia. The effect of intact [1–84] PTH on rat heart cells grown in tissue culture has been studied. Addition of the hormone to the media significantly stimulated beating rate. The stimulation was directly proportional to the amount of PTH in the medium. Excessively high concentration of PTH caused immediate cessation of the beating, which was reversed by the addition of calcium to the medium. The extent of stimulation by PTH was inversely proportional to the calcium concentrations in the medium. Isoproterenol and phenylephrine at excessively high concentrations in the medium did not mimic the PTH effect either alone or together with PTH. When beating ceased due to verapamil the effect was not reversed by the addition of calcium to the medium.Calcium added to the myocytes seen after beating ceased reversed the effect and the cells started to beat again. Cells kept for a longer period in the arrested state were not revived by the addition of calcium.     

授粉后秋水仙素处理对大青杨子代生长性状的影响

为东北林区选育出速生、优质、抗逆性强的杨树新品种,本研究采用秋水仙素溶液处理授粉后的大青杨雌花序,分析诱导后大青杨子代植株光合特性、生长量和叶形态指标的差异。结果表明：(1)雌花序授粉后24 h开始处理,秋水仙素4 g·L^-1处理12 h后大青杨子代植株的苗高、地径均最大,且与对照差异显著;(2)雌花序授粉后24h开始处理,秋水仙素处理12 h后大青杨子代植株蒸腾速率最小,对照蒸腾速率最大;雌花序授粉后24 h开始处理,子代植株气孔导度最小,36 h后开始处理所得的子代植株气孔导度最大;雌花序授粉后12 h开始处理子代植株水分利用效率最大,对照最小。(3)子代植株生长量指标（苗高、地径）与叶形态指标以及气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率相关显著。     

Isoquinoline-derived alkaloids from the bark of Guatteria olivacea (Annonaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the bark of Guatteria olivacea R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) led to the isolation and identification of ten isoquinoline-derived alkaloids, including three phenanthrenes, atherosperminine, argentinine, and atherosperminine N-oxide; three aporphines, asimilobine, puterine, and discoguattine; two oxoaporphines, liriodenine and oxoputerine; and two tetrahydroprotoberberines, corypalmine and discretine. All these alkaloids are described for the first time in G. olivacea and their chemotaxonomic significance was discussed. The structure elucidation of these isolated alkaloids was established by extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in combination with MS. The NMR data for atherosperminine, argentinine, and atherosperminine N-oxide were reviewed.     

Quaternary alkaloids of Thalictrum foliolosum

The isolation and identification of eleven alkaloids from the quaternary alkaloid fraction of a root extract of Thalictrum foliolosum are described     

In vitro production and identification of autotetraploids of Scutellaria baicalensis

The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis are a major traditional Chinese medicine. We report research on induction, characteristics and chemical analysis of polyploid plants of S. baicalensis. Immersing calluses in 0.2% colchicine solution for 12 h prior to culture induced a high number of tetraploid plants. The induction rate reached as high as 40% of treated calluses. More than 50 lines of tetraploid plants were obtained. All tetraploid plants showed typical polyploidy characteristics. Twenty selected tetraploid lines were transferred to the field for determination of morphological characteristics and for chemical assays. Seven elite lines have been selected for further selection and breeding into new varieties for commercial production.     

利用染色体加倍技术创建油菜非整倍体

采用秋水仙素染色体加倍技术,获得了纯合黑籽甘蓝型油菜品系NJ230(Brassica napus)的染色体加倍材料(2n=76).对加倍材料连续自交3代,观察加倍材料后代染色体数目及性状变异,结果表明:(1)加倍材料当代(D1)植株矮化;(2)加倍材料自交1代群体(D2)呈现雄性不育、种子颜色等性状变异;(3)加倍材料自交2代后(D3、D4),多数植株染色体数为2n≤38;(4)获得了1个2n=32的黄籽非整倍体系.本实验为油菜非整倍体创建提供了一种可行的方法.     

Colchicine modulates calcium homeostasis and electrical property of HL‐1 cells

Colchicine is a microtubule disruptor that reduces the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after an operation or ablation. However, knowledge of the effects of colchicine on atrial myocytes is limited. The aim of this study was to determine if colchicine can regulate calcium (Ca²⁺) homeostasis and attenuate the electrical effects of the extracellular matrix on atrial myocytes. Whole‐cell clamp, confocal microscopy with fluorescence, and western blotting were used to evaluate the action potential and ionic currents of HL‐1 cells treated with and without (control) colchicine (3 nM) for 24 hrs. Compared with control cells, colchicine‐treated HL‐1 cells had a longer action potential duration with smaller intracellular Ca²⁺ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ content by 10% and 47%, respectively. Colchicine‐treated HL‐1 cells showed a smaller L‐type Ca²⁺ current, reverse mode sodium–calcium exchanger (NCX) current and transient outward potassium current than control cells, but had a similar ultra‐rapid activating outward potassium current and apamin‐sensitive small‐conductance Ca²⁺‐activated potassium current compared with control cells. Colchicine‐treated HL‐1 cells expressed less SERCA2a, total, Thr17‐phosphorylated phospholamban, Cav1.2, CaMKII, NCX, Kv1.4 and Kv1.5, but they expressed similar levels of the ryanodine receptor, Ser16‐phosphorylated phospholamban and Kv4.2. Colchicine attenuated the shortening of the collagen‐induced action potential duration in HL‐1 cells. These findings suggest that colchicine modulates the atrial electrical activity and Ca²⁺ regulation and attenuates the electrical effects of collagen, which may contribute to its anti‐AF activity.     

扁茎黄芪同源四倍体的诱导

以扁茎黄芪的干燥成熟种子为试验材料,用0．1％、0．3％和0．5％的秋水仙碱溶液分别浸泡种子24h、48h、72h和96h来诱导同源四倍体,并对诱导处理后获得的再生植株进行染色体鉴定,得出以0．3％秋水仙碱溶液浸泡72h为诱导同源四倍体的最佳处理组合。