云南省臂金龟科一新纪录种——阳彩臂金龟

正2015年8月16日在云南省红河州境内(注:为保护该物种,故未给出详细采集信息)进行昆虫资源调查过程中,采集到臂金龟科Euchiridae一对雌雄昆虫,经查阅《中国珍稀昆虫图鉴》《中国生态大图鉴》等相关文献,确认该昆虫为阳彩臂金龟Cheirotonus jansoni Jordan,属国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,是我国稀有的珍稀昆虫(陈树椿,1999;张巍巍,李元胜,2011),这也是该物种首次在云南省被发现。阳彩臂金龟隶属于鞘翅目Coleoptera金龟总科Scarabaeoidea臂金龟科。该科分为臂金龟属Propomacrus和彩臂金龟属     

中国花金龟科一新种记述(鞘翅目:金龟总科)

本文记述花金龟科背角花金龟属(Neophaedimus)一新种,标本采自我国江苏、浙江。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 栗色背角花金龟Neophaedimus castaneus新种 体型较狭长,光亮,沥褐或沥红色,前胸背板无黄斑(图1),臀板、腹面和腿节内侧多是沥红色。     

中国五种蜉金龟幼虫形态记述(鞘翅目,金龟科,蜉金龟亚科)

基于3龄幼虫首次描述了中国5种蜉金龟幼虫的形态特征,分别是:方胸蜉金龟 Aphodius quadratus Reiche、黄缘蜉金龟 A.sublimbatus Motschulsky、直蜉金龟 A.rectus Motschulsky、游荡蜉金龟 A.erraticus(Linnaeus)(补充描记).文中列出了中国蜉金龟幼虫的分种检索表.主要鉴别特征是:头部、内唇和臀节等.     

中国桂毛异丽金龟物种群及其分类问题讨论：鞘翅目;丽金龟科

桂毛异丽金龟物种群（Ａｎｏｍａｌａｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｌａｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｇｒｏｕｐ）是山居类群,外部形态彼此十分近似,容易混淆。体型中等,全体被不甚密可见红褐底色的短毛,背面刻点甚密,鞘翅背面有６条深沟行,行距圆脊状隆起。本篇包括国内迄今已知种类１５种,其中新种１０种,新异名１种,新纪录３种,恢复原种名１种。篇内对旧种的分类间题进行了讨论。种名有：闽毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｎｄｅｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,桂毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｌａＮｏｎｆｒｉｅｄ,湘毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｔｒｉｃｈｏｐｈｏｒａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,赣毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｍｏｎｔａｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,川毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｐｉｌｏｅｌｌａＦａｉｒｍａｉｒｅ,黔毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｓｕｂｐｉｌｏｓａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,长毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｓｕｂｔｒｉｎａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,叉毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｓｕｂｔｏｍｅｎｔｅｌｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,疣毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｐｌａｎｉｃａｕｄａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,云毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｉｗａｓｅｉＭｉｙａｋｅ,斧毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｓａｐａＭｉｙａｋｅ,缅毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｌｉｇｎｅａＡｒｒｏｗ,脊毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｃａｐｉｌｌｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,短毛异丽金龟Ａ．ｂｒｅｖｉｈｉｒｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和     

中国白星花金龟地理变异的几何形态学分析及其新疆种群的入侵来源推断

【目的】定量比较中国及周边国家地区白星花金龟 Protaetia (Liocola) brevitarsis 不同地理种群的形态差异,重点探索新疆种群与其他地区种群间的形态差异,为植物保护和生产活动提供指导,丰富微进化理论。【方法】基于几何形态学的主成分分析（principal component analysis, PCA）和典型变量分析（canonical variate analysis, CVA）方法,对国内外30个地区共700头白星花金龟的鞘翅和前胸背板进行分析比较,研究白星花金龟不同地理种群的形态变异。【结果】白星花金龟前胸背板和鞘翅形态变异主成分分析中,新疆标本都明显聚在一起,但同时与新疆周边省份标本有部分重叠,与远离新疆省市有少部分重叠。新疆标本和南方地区种群标本明显分离。在各地区种群形态差异显著性检验中,基于马氏距离（Mahalanobis distance）和普氏距离（Procrustes distance）分析显示,新疆白星花金龟与远离新疆地区标本的前胸背板和鞘翅在马氏距离和普氏距离上均为显著性差异,而与其他地区标本的前胸背板和鞘翅的差异上,并非总是显著性差异。【结论】证实了前胸背板和鞘翅上的白斑可以作为白星花金龟地理种群变异的评价指标。就新疆白星花金龟而言,地理距离在一定程度上与形态距离相吻合。我们推测新疆白星花金龟是通过青海省北部以外的宁夏、内蒙古和甘肃三省入侵到新疆自治区,或者与上述三省该害虫的入侵来源一致。本研究所呈现的研究方式,在丰富微进化理论方面具有广阔的前景,且有望丰富分子生态地理学的研究内涵。     

毛蕊花球象Cionus olivieri Rosenschld

<正>毛蕊花球象Cionus olivieri Rosensch?ld,隶属于鞘翅目Coleoptera象虫科Curculionidae,身体球形,前胸背板比鞘翅基部明显窄,触角索节5节,体壁黑色,胫节和附节红色。全身覆盖着致密的黄白色鳞片,鞘翅缝中部和端部有黑色宽鳞片组成的大黑斑点,行间散布较小的黑斑点。幼虫体壁     

中国莫花金龟属新种记述（鞘翅目：金龟总科）

莫花金龟属Moscriana在全世界仅记载过1种(越南),本文报道我国5种,其中包括4新种,1种中国新记录。新种为:亮莫花金龟Moseriana nitida,皱莫花金龟M. rugulosa,长毛莫花金龟M. longipilosa, 短毛莫花金龟M. brevipilosa。本文还编有种检索表。     

捕食性颏花金龟口器形态的适应进化及功能研究(鞘翅目:金龟科:花金龟亚科)

颏花金龟为捕食性,是花金龟亚科12族中食性最为特殊的类群,以其下唇的前颏极度扩大而得名。依据捕食对象及对应形态变异类型的不同,其可分为蚁食性和蚜食性两类。由于颏花金龟的食性异于其他种类花金龟的植食性,栖息环境也有极大的不同,故其口器适应进化出诸多形态类型。通过比较颏花金龟、花金龟亚科其他种类、其他植食性金龟(丽金龟和犀金龟两个亚科为代表)以及典型肉食性甲虫口器的形态,对颏花金龟口器特殊结构及功能进行了分析,并初步探索了取食机制及颏花金龟的生存策略。     

四川省臂金龟科一新纪录种——格彩臂金龟

正2017年8月12日,在四川省绵阳市北川羌族自治县进行昆虫资源调查过程中,采集到1只臂金龟科Euchiridae雄性昆虫。经查阅《中国珍稀昆虫图鉴》(陈树椿,1999)、《中国昆虫生态大图鉴》(张巍巍,李元胜,2011)等相关文献资料,并经成都华希昆虫博物馆赵力馆长鉴定后,确认该昆虫为格彩臂金龟Cheirotonus gestroi Pouillaude,这是该物种首次在四川省被发现。     

雪峰虫草寄主巨疖蝙蛾的生殖行为节律

巨疖蝙蛾Endoclita davidi Poujade是雪峰虫草菌Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis的重要寄主昆虫,对其生殖生物学的研究,可以为该虫的规模化人工饲养与雪峰虫草的培育提供依据.采用人工饲养结合室内红外摄影,研究分析巨疖蝙蛾的求偶、交尾和产卵行为节律.巨疖蝙蛾在羽化当天的暗期即可求偶、...     

大巴山多棘蜒属一新种记述（蜻蜒目：蜒科）

本文报道采自四川通江县的一新种蜒,赵氏多棘蜒Ｐｏｌｙｃａｎｔｈａｇｙｎａｃｈａｏｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,同时与近似种Ｐ．ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｍｅｌａｓ进行了比较。     

A new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coccophagus</Emphasis> Westwood (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea, Aphelinidae) inhabiting ants’ nests (Hymenoptera,Formicidae) in Malaysia

Coccophagus brachypterus sp. n. is described from Malaysia. The new species differs from the closely related C. silvestrii Compere in the black hind femur and blackish largest part of hind tibia. The new species is also characterized by shortened fore wings with the apices not reaching the abdominal apex.     

Light and Electron Microscope Study of Urosporidium cannoni N. Sp., a Haplosporidian Parasite of the Polyclad Turbellarian Stylochus sp.

ABSTRACT. Urosporidium cannoni n. sp. was found in most tissues of a polyclad turbellarian associated with commercial oyster farms from eastern Moreton Bay, Australia. Mature spores had 11 to 13 episporal tails at irregular intervals around the spore wall. The spherule, prominent in development, dispersed as the spores matured. Spores were found within cysts that contained up to a few hundred spores at the same stage of development. Mature cysts occurred in groups and their masses of dark, golden spores resulted in black patches on the otherwise red-brown turbellarian. The infection may have commercial importance.     

Thermal impact of migrating birds’ wing color on their flight performance: Possibility of new generation of biologically inspired drones

The thermal impact of the birds’ color on their flight performance are investigated. In most of the large migrating birds, the top of their wings is black. Considering this natural phenomenon in the migrating birds, such as albatross, a thermal analysis of the boundary layer of their wings is performed during the year depending on the solar insulation. It is shown that the temperature difference between the bright and dark colored top wing surface is around 10 °C. The dark color on the top of the wing increases the temperature of the boundary layer over the wing which consequently reduces the skin drag force over the wing. This reduction in the drag force can be considered as one of the effective factors for long endurance of these migrating birds. This research should lead to improved designs of the drones by applying the inspired colors which can help drones increase their endurance.     

Greater Mating Success of Drosophila biarmipes Males Possessing an Apical Dark Black Wing Patch

Drosophila biarmipes males possess an apical black patch on their wings. In a laboratory stock of this species, males without such a patch have been found. Mating success of these two types of male was studied in an Elcns-Wattiaux mating chamber. Results show that males possessing the dark black patch have greater mating success than those without. This finding suggests that visual stimulus plays an important role in the mating behaviour of D. biarmipes.     

纽绵蚧跳小蜂在蚧虫体内发育的形态观察(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

通过解剖皱大球坚蚧Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda雌成虫, 对寄生在其内的纽绵蚧跳小蜂Encyrtus sasakii Ishii的各个虫期的形态特征进行了观察比较,并做了显微拍照。结果显示,纽绵蚧跳小蜂一年发生一代,以蛹在寄主体内越冬。除虫体由龄期引起的个体差异外,纽绵蚧跳小蜂的一、二龄幼虫腹部末端都具有长形通气柄,到第三、四龄期其通气柄变为尾囊状构造。成虫期的雌性小蜂中胸小盾片为黄色,前翅淡烟色并有一个暗斑,上密生黑色粗毛;雄性的为黑色,前翅色淡,无暗斑。     

Formation of aggregates by plant roots in homogenised soils

The influence of root growth and water regime on the formation of aggregates was studied in modified minirhizotrons under controlled conditions. Two soils, a black earth (67% clay) and a red-brown earth (19% clay) were ground and forced through a 0.5 mm sieve. Ryegrass, pea and wheat were grown for fifteen wetting and drying (wd) cycles for 5 months. Another set of minirhizotrons was not planted and served as a control. Measurements of aggregate size distribution (ASD), aggregate tensile strength (ATS), aggregate stability (AS), aggregate bulk density (ABD) and organic carbon (OC) were made on single aggregates of the 2–4 mm fraction. The results showed that aggregates of the black earth which has a high clay content and shrink/swell properties had more smaller aggregates with higher ATS, AS and ABD than those from the red-brown earth. It was also found that for both soils: (1) w/d cycles and higher root length density (RLD) increased the proportions of smaller aggregates and aggregate strength; (2) differences in the ability of the plant species to influence aggregation was evident and seemed to be related to the RLD. The RLD was in the order ryegrass > wheat > pea. Mechanisms likely to be involved in processes of aggregate formation and stabilization are discussed. They include cracking of soil due to tensile stresses generated during drying of a shrinking soil; changes in pore water pressure within the soil mass caused by water uptake by plant roots generating effective stresses; and biological processes associated with plant roots and root exudates.     

Two new species of Panorpa (Mecoptera,Panorpidae) from the Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan,China

Two new species of the genus Panorpa Linnaeus, 1758 are described from the Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan, China. Panorpa diqingensis sp. n. can be distinguished from its congeners by vertex dark brown, and occiput yellow; pleura dark brown; gonocoxites bearing a cluster of stout black setae on inner apex; parameres S-shaped in male genitalia. Panorpa dispergens sp. n. can be readily differentiated from other Panorpa species by apical band with a hyaline spot in wings; gonocoxites with a cluster of stout dark brown setae and 3–5 long setae on inner apex; female medigynium with a pair of basal plates. The number of Panorpa species in Yunnan is raised to six. A key to Yunnan species of Panorpa is presented.     

SEXUAL SELECTION,VIABILITY SELECTION,AND DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY IN THE DOMESTIC FLY MUSCA DOMESTICA

Associations between developmental stability, sexual selection, and viability selection were studied in the domestic fly Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae). Developmental stability of the wings and tibia of flies of both sexes, measured in terms of their level of fluctuating asymmetry, was positively associated with mating success in free ranging populations and in sexual selection experiments. Mated individuals may have obtained indirect fitness benefits from sexual selection of two different kinds. First, the entomopathogenic fungus Enthomophthora muscae (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) infects and kills adult domestic flies, and flies dead from fungus infections had more asymmetric wings than flies dead for other reasons. Experimental deposition of fungus spores on uninfected flies demonstrated that flies with asymmetric wings were more susceptible to fungus infections than flies with symmetric wings. Second, domestic flies were frequently eaten by insectivorous barn swallows Hirundo rustica, and flies depredated by birds had more asymmetric wings and tibia than surviving flies.