β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化和性质研究

β－葡萄糖苷酶是纤维素酶的重要组分之一,它不仅可水解纤维二糖和寡糖,更可解除纤维二糖对β－１,４－内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶的抑制,提高水解速率和程度．利用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０层析法从黑曲霉变异株Ｌ－２２中分离提纯了β－葡萄糖苷酶,该酶是由两个分子量相同的亚基组成的二聚体,每个亚基分子量为２０３ｋＤ．该酶最适ｐＨ为４．８,ｐＨ稳定范围在３．６～６．４;最适温度是６０℃,温度稳定范围为４～６０℃;酶分子含糖量为８．３５％．它是一个酸性β－葡萄糖苷水解酶,专一性地水解β－糖苷键．而不水解α－糖苷键,对短链底物表现了相对高的活力．用动力学分析和共价化学修饰方法探讨了与该酶活力有关的必需基团．由ｐＨ对ｌｇＶｍ和ｌｇＶｍ／Ｋｍ的影响,推测出酶活性部位至少有两个可解离基团为酶活性所必需,它们在酶－底物复合物中的ｐＫｅｓ１和ｐＫｅｓ２的值分别为４．０和５．６,在游离酶中的ｐＫ值分别为４．２和５．９．由此可初步判断这两个可解离基团可能为组氨酸和含羧基的氨基酸,它们与酶的催化和底物结合可能有关．     

纤维素酶的底物专一性

天然纤维素的有效酶解取决于外切葡聚糖纤维二糖水解酶（ＣＢＨ）和内切葡聚糖水解酶（ＥＧ）的协同作用。ＥＧ随机水解纤维素无定形区分子链内的β－１,４－糖苷键;ＣＢＨ则由分子链的还原性末端水解出纤维二糖。这种底物专一性差别的原因在于ＣＢＨ呈“桶状”的活性部痊表面存在２个“ｌｏｏｐ”结构,只能容许纤维素分子链的末端伸入到活性裂隙中。ＥＧ无“ｌｏｏｐ”结构在存在,对底物是充分可及的。ＥＧ催化结构域中底物结合     

用定位突变方法对人脑己糖激酶活性位点的研究

哺乳动物己糖激酶Ⅰ的分子量是１００ｋＤ．目前已经认为是由分子量５０ｋＤ酵母型己糖激酶通过基因复制和融合进化来的．己糖激酶Ⅰ的Ｃ端半分子包含了底物葡萄糖的结合位点即催化位点．Ｘ射线衍射结构的结果已经推测在酵母型的己糖激酶分子中Ｓｅｒ－１５８、Ａｓｐ－２１１是和葡萄糖的结合及催化活性有关,这些氨基酸残基相当于人脑己糖激酶Ⅰ分子中的Ｓｅｒ－６０３、Ａｓｐ－６５７,它们正好位于该酶分子的Ｃ端半分子中．定位突变这两个氨基酸残基得到４个该酶的Ｃ端半分子酶（ｍｉｎｉ－ＨＫⅠ）的突变体,它们是Ｓｅｒ－６０３→Ｃｙｓ,Ｓｅｒ－６０３→Ｔｈｒ,Ａｓｐ－６７５→Ｇｌｕ,Ａｓｐ－６７５→Ｖａｌ．实验结果指出４个突变体酶的Ｋｍ值变化不大,但酶活性只保留野生型酶的０．２８％～１１％,园二色谱分析４个突变体的ＣＤ谱与野生型酶基本一致,因此说明二级结构没有变化．这些研究结果和Ｘ射线衍射结构的推断是一致的,显示了Ｓｅｒ－６０３和Ａｓｐ－６５７氨基酸残基在该酶结合底物葡萄糖或催化作用上起了重要的作用．     

商品果胶酶中endo－PG的分离纯化及其部分性质研究

以Ａ．ｎｉｇｅｒ来源的果胶酶为材料,经过ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－５０及ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００两步骤分离纯化得到电泳均一的ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ１及ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ２,其亚基分子量分别为３５ｋＤ及３７ｋＤ,含糖量为１１．２２％及８．３％,最大紫外吸收峰分别在２７４ｎｍ及２６９ｎｍ处,氨基酸组成分析结果表明Ｇｌｙ含量较高,Ｍｅｔ含量较低,不含Ｃｙｓ,并且酸性氨基酸含量高于碱性氨基酸,圆二色谱结果表明二级结构主要为α螺旋和β折叠,其中ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ１含α螺旋４５．１％,β折叠２４．９％;ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ２含α螺旋３９．６％,β折叠３６．５％。     

点状产气单胞菌脯氨酰内肽酶基因克隆与序列测定

点状产气单胞菌点状亚种（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｐｕｎｃａｔａ ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ）具有脯氨酰内肽酶（ｐｒｏｌｙｌ ｅｎｄｏｐｅｐｔｉｄａｓｅ ＰＥＰ）活性。将其染色体ＤＮＡ有Ｅｃｏ ＲⅠ部分酶切后回收８－１６ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,与ＥｃｏＲⅠ消化载体ｐＵＣ１８连接后转化Ｅ．ｃｏｉｌ ＤＨ５α,用该酶的专一性底物Ｂｅｎｚｙｌｏｘｙｃａｒｂｏｎｙｌ－Ｇｌｙ－β－ｎａｐｈｔｈｙｌａｍｉｄｅ从质粒库中     

商品果胶酶中endo—PG的分离纯化及其部分性质研究

以Ａ．ｎｉｇｅｒ来源的果胶酶为材料,经过ＣＭ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｃ－５０及Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００两步骤分离化得到电泳均一的ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ１及ｅｎｄｏ－ＰＧ２其亚基分子量分别为３５ｋＤ及３７ｋＤ,含糖量为１１．２２％及８．３％,最大此吸收峰分别在２７４ｎｍ及２６９ｎｍ处,氨基酸组成分析结果表明Ｇｌｙ含量较高,Ｍｅｔ含量较低,不含Ｃｙｓ,并且酸性氨基酸含量高于碱性氨基酸,圆二色谱结果表明二级结构     

纤维二糖脱氢酶在纤维素降解中的作用研究*

裂褶菌纤维二糖脱氢酶（ｃｅｌｌｏｂｉｏｓｅ ｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｓｅ, ＣＤＨ）可以提高纤维素酶对纤维素的降解。以纤维二糖为电子供体, ＣＤＨ作用于羧甲基纤维素可降低其溶液的粘度,作用于纤维素 ＣＦ１１和磷酸膨胀纤维素,分别使其悬浊液的浊度提高７％和１４．４％。ＣＤＨ与纤维二糖水解酶或内切纤维素酶在降解棉花纤维素时没有表现出协同作用。但若棉花事先在纤维二糖存在下用ＣＤＨ预处理,则变得易于被水解。     

纤维二糖脱氢酶的纤维素降解中的作用研究

裂褶菌纤维二糖脱氢酶（ｃｅｌｌｏｂｉｏｓｅ ｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｓｅ,ＣＤＨ）可以提高纤维素酶对纤维素的降解。以纤维二糖为电子供体,ＣＤＨ作用于羧甲基纤维可降低其溶液的粘度,作用纤维素ＣＦ１１和磷酸膨胀纤维素,分别使其悬浊液的浊度提高７％和１４．４％。ＣＤＨ与纤维二糖水解酶或切纤维素酶在降解棉花纤维素时没有表现出协同作用。但若棉花事先在纤维二糖存在下用ＣＤＨ预处理,则变得易于被水解。     

促进紫草色素合成的米曲霉诱导子的纯化和活性鉴定

米曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｏｒｙｚａｅ）诱导子来源于该真菌的菌丝体部分。诱导子粗提物通过ＤＥＡＥ－Ｃｅｌｌｕ－ｌｏｓｅ、Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ－４Ｂ、Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌｐ－４、７３２ 柱层析,得到既不吸附于阴离子交换纤维素又不吸附于阳离子交换树脂、分子量约为１２００～２２００ Ｄ、糖含量为粗提物６．７％ 的组分ＦⅠｂ２－Ｈ,与粗提物相比它的诱导子相对活性提高了１２０ 倍。诱导子粗提物中还含有低浓度不影响滇紫草（Ｏｎｏｓｍ ａ ｐａｎｉｃｕｌａｔｕｍ ）细胞合成紫草色素、而高浓度抑制紫草色素合成的核酸类组分ＦⅡ,核苷酸、氨基酸类组分ＦⅠｂ２－Ｎａ 及强烈抑制紫草色素合成的多糖类组分ＦⅠａ。ＦⅠａ可诱导细胞合成对照中没有的一种黄色素,是另一类代谢产物的诱导子     

B8Gly在胰岛素结构模体中的可能作用

在胰岛素结构模体ｎ１－Ｃｙｓ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｘ１０－Ｃｙｓ－ｎ２－Ｃｙｓ－Ｃｙｓ－Ｘ３－Ｃｙｓ－Ｘ８－Ｃｙｓ－ｎ３中,有７个绝对保守的氨基酸残基,只有位于Ｂ８位的是Ｇｌｙ。通过定点突变将其改变为Ａｌａ,得到「Ｂ８Ａｌａ」人胰岛素,其受体结合能力和体内生物活力分别为天然猪胰岛素的２．５％和１０％。「Ｂ８Ａｌａ」人胰岛素和重组人胰岛素的远紫外圆二色谱比较表明,「Ｂ８Ａｌａ」人胰岛素的α－螺旋的相对含量有一家     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.