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为了研究60Co-γ辐照对越南油茶Camellia drupifera种子发芽和表观形态指标的影响,选取越南油茶璠龙3号‘Fanglong 3’和璠龙5号‘Fanglong 5’种子分别进行0、40 Gy、50 Gy、60 Gy、70 Gy 60Co-γ辐照并测定种子发芽率和出苗率以及幼苗生长表观形态指标(苗高、地径、叶长、叶宽、叶面积)。结果表明,60Co-γ辐照对越南油茶种子发芽率影响小,对其出苗率、苗高、地径以及叶片生长有明显抑制作用,尤其是高剂量(60 Gy、70 Gy)辐照对越南油茶种子损伤较大,严重影响其出苗及幼苗生长。高剂量辐照明显延迟越南油茶的出苗时间,抑制幼苗生长,导致苗木瘦弱、生长缓慢,植株呈现矮化现象。高剂量亦抑制越南油茶叶片生长,导致叶片瘦小,生长缓慢。璠龙3号种子60Co-γ辐照半致死剂量为64 Gy,璠龙5号为57 Gy。 相似文献
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落瓣油茶染色体核型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
<正> 山茶属植物约220种,其中报道过:染色体计数的约50种,报道过染色体核型的近10种。作者继浙江红山茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu)、南山茶(C.semiserrata Chi)、白花南山茶C.semiserrata var.albiflora Hu et Huang)和茶梨C.octopetala Hu)之后,对落瓣油茶(C.kissii Wall.)进行染色体计数和核型分析,旨在为油茶育种工作和探索山茶属内的系统发育提供细胞学资料。 相似文献
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<正> 一、引言 山茶属Camellia L.的茶梨油茶C.octopetala Hu和博白大果油茶C.gigantocarpa Hu 是胡先骕在1965年发表的新种,前者产浙江南部,后者产广西博白县,目前长江以南各省(区)均有引种。除种子油可食用,为我国南方的油用树种外,花大美丽,有作庭园观赏的价值。 1981年张宏达将这两种油茶都归并为红皮糙果茶C.crapnelliana Tutch.(糙果茶组Sect.Furfuracea Chang)的异名。但从形态上看,博白大果油茶和茶梨油茶不尽相同。 相似文献
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报道了越南木樨科(Oleaceae)植物1 新记录种大果素馨(Jasminum macrocarpum Merr.).该种产自越南中南部嘉来省的K’Bang, Kon Ha Nung 地区, 凭证标本保存在 HN, IBSC. 相似文献
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油茶是典型的异花授粉植物,其中虫媒是主要形式,所以利用野生传粉性昆虫来提高油茶授粉效率,解除花粉限制,是解决我国油茶产业"瓶颈"的有效方法之一。目前,关于油茶传粉昆虫的研究比较匮乏,仅限于传粉昆虫的种类调查和部分野生蜜蜂传粉生物学和营巢生物学特性研究,不能满足油茶产业发展的需要。在现有研究基础上,结合传粉昆虫研究发展趋势,本文将提出以下几个重要研究内容:油茶访花昆虫种类的调查和鉴定;主要传粉昆虫传粉生物学研究;优势传粉昆虫的筛选;野生传粉蜜蜂与油茶授粉间的关系;利用传粉昆虫与油茶的协同进化进行油茶品种选育。以期为油茶传粉昆虫的后续研究提供参考。 相似文献
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南山茶Camellia semiserrata Chi染色体核型的分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
<正> 引言 南山茶(Camellia semiserrata Chi)又名广宁红花油茶,属山茶属(Camellia L.)山茶亚属(Subg.Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia),分布于我国广东和广西。南山茶的种子油可供食用,为我国南方主要油料经济树种之一,花红色,形大而艳丽,可供观赏。 山茶属植物约共二百种,但已做过染色体计数者仅47种,做过核型分析者则不超过10种。本文提供的南山茶染色体核型的资料将有助于山茶属植物的遗传育种工作和属内系 相似文献
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This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided in
Table 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomes
in Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all the
species in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows:
1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao
Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st
(2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with the
ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’
(1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. All
the five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the second
pair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively.
2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin
Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome numbers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I:
2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in length
from 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B of
stebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the short
arms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomes
and the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. Type
II: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in length
from 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and
10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found.
3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc)
+ 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondary
constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs.
4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc)
+12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratio
of the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary
constrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair.
5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.
Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc)
+12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with the
ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There are
secondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguo
material is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al.
(1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported byZhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China. 相似文献
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In the present paper the karyotypes of Keteleeria calcarea Cheng et L. K. Fu and
K. oblonga Cheng et L. K. Fu are reported, and they are compared with those of K. cyclolepis
Flous and K. formosana Mast. The karyotype formula of K. calcarea Cheng et L. K. Fu is
K(2n)=24=16m+8sm, and K. oblonga Cheng et L. K. Fu is K(2n)=24=18m+6sm. They
both belong to “2A” type of karyotype symmetry. There are secondary constrictions on the
short arms of 1th, 3th, 6th chromosome pairs in K. calcarea Cheng et L. K. Fu and 2th, 4th,
6th in K. oblonga Cheng et L. K. Fu. K. oblonga Cheng et L. K. Fu is more advanced than K.
cyclolepis Flous, but more primitive than K. calcarea Cheng et L. K. Fu, and K. formosana
Mast is the most advanced among the four species in karyotype. 相似文献
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This paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotype analysis of Speirantha
gardenii, which is endemic to China. The material was collected from Huang Shan,
Anhui. It is a diploid species. Its somatic chromosome is 2n=38=22m+6sm+10st. The
9th pair is submedian centromere chromosomes, but it has two constrictions. The secondary constriction is on the short arm near centromere. Of the 19 chromosome pairs,secondary constriction is present only in this pair. 相似文献
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金花茶组培苗的核型分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对金花茶(Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama)组培苗的染色体核型进行了研究。结果表明:金花茶组培苗不仅染色体数目与其野生种相同,2n=30,而且核型也基本一致,核型公式均为2n=2x=30=22m+8sm(2SAT)。这些数据为利用组织培养方法保存和繁殖金花茶的可行性提供了细胞学方面的依据。 相似文献
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Karyotype analysis for the species Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth of the monotypic genus Reineckia Kunth is given for the first time. The number of chromosomes in
root-tip cell was found to be 38, which is in accord with those reported by most of the previous authors[5,7,8,9,11,12,]. The somatic complement shows a slight variation in size, i.e., the 2,
3, 5, 6, 7th pairs of the chromosomes have submedian constrictions, while the other pairs
have median centromeres. The karyotype is therefore a rather symmetrical one, and according to the chromosomal terminology defined by Levan et al[4], the karyotype formula of
the species is 2n=38=28 m+10 sm. In spite of the presence of two nucleoli in the telophase as observed by the authors and Noguchi[8] as well, the two corresponding Sat-chromosomes have not been found. Photomicrograph of the chromosome complement and idiogram are given in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively. 相似文献
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采用胸腔注射植物血球凝集素(phytohemagglutinin,PHA)及秋水仙素溶液,取活体头肾细胞经低渗、固定、空气干燥法,分析比较了中华单角鲀(Monacanthus chinensis)、黄鳍东方鲀(Takifuguxanthopterus)、红鳍东方鲀(T.rubripes)的核型。结果表明,3种海水鱼中期染色体均为二倍体,未发现异型性染色体、随体和次缢痕。其核型如下:中华单角鲀的核型为2n=34(34t),臂数:NF=34;黄鳍东方鲀的核型为2n=44(12m+8sm+24t),臂数:NF=64;红鳍东方鲀的核型为2n=44(14m+6sm+24t),臂数:NF=64。中华单角鲀的核型与后两者存在较大差异。同时,将此3种鱼的核型与前人报道的其他鲀形目鱼类核型作了比较。 相似文献
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The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 7 species of Smilax L. in Liliaceae (s. 1.) are cytotaxonomically studied in this work. Their karyotypic characters, distinction between the species and the chromosomal basis of sexual differentiation are discussed. The karyotypes of most species are first reported. The results are shown as follows (see Tables
1-4 for the chromosome parameters and the karyotype constitution; Fig. 1 for their idiograms): 1. Smilax nipponica Miq. The species is one of the herbaceous species distributed in East Asia. Two karyotypes, 2n = 26(type A) and 2n = 32 (type B), are found in the species (Plate 1: 1-7). The karyotype of No. 88032 (uncertain of -L--M--S- sexuality) is 2n = 26 = 2m + 6st + 6m + 4sm + 6sm + 2st. The karyotype has 4 pairs of L chromosomes, of which the first three pairs are subterminal, and the 4th
is median. The karyotype belongs to 3B. No. 88045 (the male) and No. 88046
(the female) have 2n = 32. Their karyotypes are basically uniform, and both are -L--M-- S
2n=32= 2m+4sm+ 2st+ 2m+4sm+ 6m+ 10sm + 2st, also with 4 pairs of L
chromosomes, but the 2nd pair is median, and thus different from the type A. The
karyotype belongs to 3B. The first pair of chromosomes of the male are distinctly
unequal in length, with the D. V. (0.93) of relative length between them obviously
greater than that of the female (0.1). The pair seems to be of sex-chromosomes.
Sixteen bivalents (n= 16) were observed at PMCs MI of No. 88045 (Plate 1: 4).
The major difference between the karyotypes A and B are greater relative length
of L chromosomes in the type A than in the type B, and the increase of chromosome number in the karyotype B mainly due to the increase of st chromosomes. Nakajima (1937)reports 2n= 30 for S. hederacea var. nipponica (=S. nipponica,
Wang and Tang, 1980).
2. S. riparia A. DC. This species is also herbaceous, distributed in East Asia. Thirty chromosomes were found in root-tip cells (uncertain of sexuality). The kar -L--M--S-yotype is 2n = 30 = 8st + 6sm + 2st + 6m + 6sm + 2st (Plate 3: 1, 5), consisting
mainly of sm and st chromosomes. There are 4 pairs of L chromosomes which are
all subterminal and the m chromosomes appear to fall all into S category. Though
the karyotype belongs to 3B, it is less symmetrical than that of S. nipponica. The
species is karyologically rather different from S. nipponica, therefore. The first pair
of chromosomes of this material are unequal in length, and it may be a male. The
karyotype of this species is first reported.
3. S. sieboldii Miq. The species is a thorny climbing shrub, distributed in
East Asia. At PMCs All, 16 chromosomes (n= 16) were found (Plate 2: 6), in
accordance with Nakajima's (1933) report for a Japanese material.
4. S. china L. This species, a thorny climbing shrub, is of a wide distribution range mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Two karyotypes were observed
in different populations. (1) The population from Xikou has 2n = 96(6x) = 20st+L- -M- 6t + 6sm + 12st + 52(S) (Plate 3:7), of which the first three pairs of chromosomes are terminal, different from those in the other species. The arm ratios of
both L and M chromosomes are larger than 2.0, which resembles those of S. davidiana. (2) PMCs MI of the population from Shangyu shew 15 chromosomes (n
15). The hexaploid of the species is recorded for the first time. Hsu (1967,1971)
reported 2n = 30 from Taiwai and Nakajima (1937) recorded n = 30 from Japan,
which indicates that the karyotype of the species varies not only in ploidy, but
also in number.
5. S. davidiana A. DC. The somatic cells were found to have 32 chromosomes, and PMCs MI shew 16 bivalents (Plate 2: 1-5). The karyotype is 2n = 32=-L- -M- -S 8st + 4sm + 4st + 8sm + 8st. The karyotype belongs to 3B, and is less symmetrical than those in herbaceous species. The D. V. (0.20) of relative length between
the two homologues of the first pair is slightly larger in the male than in the female (0.14), and it is thus difficult to determine whether they are sexual chromosomes or not.
6. S. glabra Roxb. The species is a non-thorny climbing shrub, distributed
in East Asia and Southeast Asia. 32 chromosomes were found in somatic cells. The
-L- -M- - Skaryotype is 2n= 32= 8st + 10st+6sm+8st (Plate 3: 2, 6),with only 3 pairs
of sm chromosomes (12, 13 and 16th). The karyotype is more asymmetric than
that of S. davidiana, although it is also of 3B (Table 1). The karyotype is first
reported for the species.
7. S. nervo-marginata Hay. var. liukiuensis (Hay.) Wang et Tang The variety
has a relatively narrow distribution range, mainly occurring in eastern China. The
chromosomal number of somatic cells is 2n= 32 (Plate 3: 3-4). The karyotype is
-L- -M- -S
2n = 32 = 2sm + 6st + 2sm + 2st + 2m + 6sm + 12st, evidently different from that
of S. glabra. The first pair of chromosomes are submedian, and much longer than
the 2nd to 4th pairs. The ratio in length of the largest chromosome to the smallest
one is 4.3. The symmetric degree is of 3C, a unique type. The karyotype of the
species is reported for the first time.
In Smilax, the known basic numbers are 13, 15, 16 and 17. The two herbaceous species
distributed in East Asia have three basic numbers: 13, 15 and 16, while the woody species studied mainly have 16, with no 13 recorded. Mangaly (1968) studied 8 herbaceous species in North
America and reported 2n=26 for them except S. pseudo-china with 2n=30. Mangaly considered that a probably ancestral home of Smilax, both the herbaceous and woody, is in Southeast
Asia and the eastern Himalayas, and speculated that the ancestral type of Sect. Coprosmanthus is possibly an Asian species, S. riparia. The karyotypes of the two herbaceous species in
East Asia consist mostly of sm and m chromosomes, whereas those for the North American
species are all of st chromosomes. Based on the general rule of karyotypic evolution, i.e. from
symmetry to asymmetry, his speculation seems reasonable.
Researches on sex-chromosomes of Smilax have been carried out since 1930 (Lindsay, 1930;
Jensen, 1937; Nakajima, 1937; Mangaly, 1968), and they are generally considered to be the
largest pair, but there is still no adequate evidence. The result of our observation on S. nipponica
may confirm that the first pair of chromosomes of this species is XY type of sex-chromosomes.
Chromosomes of the genus are small and medium-sized, varying between 1-6 μm, slightly
larger in herbaceous species than in woody ones, larger in the karyotype of 2n=26 than in
that of 2n=32. Based on karyotype constitution of the above 5 species, the karyotype in the
genus is characterized by 4 pairs of L chromosomes and 2-5 pairs of M chromosomes, and
mostly st and sm chromosomes, and by rather asymmetrical 3B type. The degree of symmetry
in the above 5 species is from Sect. Coprosmanthus to Sect. Coilanthus, and herbaceous species towoody ones. 相似文献