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1.
Dormant buds from a mature tree of Populus tremula ‘Erecta’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Induced shoots were
then proliferated on medium of MS or Woody Plant Medium (WPM), or Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) supplemented with varying
levels of benzyladenine (BA). Overall, shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.25–2.5 μM BA exhibited the highest frequency
of shoot proliferation (>95%) and more than 60% of responding explants produced more than five shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis
was induced from both leaf and petiole explants incubated on WPM medium containing BA, or TDZ, or zeatin. Among the different
cytokinins tested, zeatin induced the highest frequency (average 72.1%) of shoot organogenesis. None of explants survived
on media containing no cytokinins within 6–8 weeks following culture. Overall, a higher frequency of shoot regeneration was
obtained from petioles than from leaf explants. The highest frequency of regeneration was achieved when petioles were incubated
on WPM containing 10–20 μM zeatin. Addition of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not have a significant effect on shoot regeneration
in all treatments. Shoot organogenesis was directly induced from petiole explants without intervening callus. Regenerated
shoots were easily rooted on all tested media supplemented with 0.5 μM NAA. Rooted plants were transferred to potting mix
and grown in the greenhouse. 相似文献
2.
This study demonstrates the importance of preconditioning ofsource tissue in regeneration of multiple shoot buds from severalspecies of Lathyrus. Preconditioned multiple shoots of Lathyruscicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC. and L. sativus L. were obtainedby germinating seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing50 µM N5-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 2 to 3 weeks. Multipleshoot bud formation occurred when epicotyl explants of preconditionedshoots were cultured on MS medium containing 550 µMBAP. No shoot regeneration was observed from epicotyl explantswhich were obtained from non-preconditioned shoots. Shoot budswere formed directly on explants without an intervening callusphase after 2 to 3 weeks of culture. Regenerated shoot budsformed healthy shoots which developed prolific and strong rootswhen transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µMnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Lathyrus cicera L., L. ochrus (L.) DC., Ochrus Vetch, L. sativus L., Lathyrus pea, de novo differentiation, epicotyl, preconditioning with BAP 相似文献
3.
Bud Content and its Relation to Shoot Size and Structure in Nothofagus pumilio(Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser (Nothofagaceae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Buds of shoots from the trunk, main branches, secondary branchesand short branches of 1021 year-old Nothofagus pumiliotrees were dissected and their contents recorded. The numberof differentiated nodes in buds was compared with the numberof nodes of sibling shoots developed at equivalent positionsduring the following growing season. Axillary buds generallyhad four cataphylls, irrespective of bud position in the tree,whereas terminal buds had up to two cataphylls. There were morenodes in terminal buds, and the most distal axillary buds, oftrunk shoots than in more proximal buds of trunk shoots, andin all buds of shoots at all other positions. The highest numberof nodes in the embryonic shoot of a bud varied between 15 and20. All shoots had proximal lateral buds containing an embryonicshoot with seven nodes, four with cataphylls and three withgreen leaf primordia. The largest trunk, and main branch, shootswere made up of a preformed portion and a neoformed portion;all other shoots were entirely preformed. In N. pumilio, theacropetally-increasing size of the sibling shoots derived froma particular parent shoot resulted from differences in: (1)the number of differentiated organs in the buds; (2) the probabilityof differentiation of additional organs during sibling shootextension; (3) sibling shoot length; (4) sibling shoot diameter;and (5) the death of the apex and the most distal leaves ofeach sibling shoot. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company Axis differentiation, branching, bud structure, leaf primordia, neoformation, Nothofagus pumilio, preformation, size gradient 相似文献
4.
Creemers-Molenaar J.; Hakkert J. C.; Van Staveren M. J.; Gilissen L. J.W. 《Annals of botany》1994,73(5):547-555
The morphogenic response of thin cell layers (TCLs) from vegetativetobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants can be directed very preciselyby varying the concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) and -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the culture medium. Medium containing 1·6µM BA and 0·5 µM NAA was optimal for shootformation, concentrations of 0·5 µM BA and 1·6µM NAA were optimal for the induction of shoots and rootson the same explant, whereas concentrations of NAA higher than16 µM resulted in callus proliferation only. Polarityin the distribution of the shoot buds was observed, i.e. a switchfrom basal to apical shoot formation occurred with increasingNAA concentrations, suggesting basipetal transport of NAA. Histologicalexamination of TCLs on shoot induction medium revealed thatfirst cell divisions occurred within 2 d in cortical cells whichwere directly in contact with the medium along the longitudinalcut surface, and after 2 d in subepidermal cells along the lateraledges of the explants. Individual lateral buds originated fromone subepidermal and one or more epidermal cells, while apicalbuds originated from single subepidermal or cortical cells locateddirectly at the apical end of the explant. After culture ofTCLs for 2-3 d on root/shoot induction medium cells in the regeneration-competentsubepidermis elongated, while on callus induction medium subepidermalcells elongated and dedifferentiated. The regeneration systemas described in this study will be used to identify cells competentfor regeneration as well as for transformation.Copyright 1994,1999 Academic Press Nicotiana tabacum L., tobacco, thin cell layer explants, cell competence, shoot development, polarity 相似文献
5.
A novel strategy for the production and maintenance of morphogenic callus for 1 year from mature leaf explants of apple has
been developed using micropropagated primary leaves of cv. Golden Delicious. The technique required second generation adventitious
buds produced from cultured primary leaves also produced from established shoot cultures. The age at which buds were capable
of producing morphogenic callus was critical and found to be when leaflets were 2–3 mm in length. Medium composition affected
the maintenance but not the induction of shoot regeneration from callus and the best combination was found to be high calcium,
low ammonium and low hormone levels. Adventitious shoots were rooted in vitro and established glasshouse-grown plants showed
no phenotypic differences from the plants derived from shoot proliferation. The great advantage of this technique for an increased
efficiency of recovery of transgenic plants from transformed cells is discussed and the acquisition and maintenance of cell
competence with respect to the formation of shoots in culture is explained.
Received: 13 August 1996 / Revision received: 13 November 1996 / Accepted: 6 December 1996 相似文献
6.
Richard L. Bell Chinnathambi Srinivasan Delores Lomberk 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(6):708-714
The influence of the nutrient composition of plant tissue culture media on axillary shoot proliferation and their preconditioning
effect on subsequent adventitious shoot regeneration from pear leaves was investigated. The goal was to improve both micropropagation
and regeneration of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Beurre Bosc’ pear cultivars. Driver–Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) and Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL)
nutrient media were found to be superior to Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) for axillary shoot proliferation.
Shoots on WPM exhibited some chlorosis. Axillary shoot culture on DKW would be preferred to that on QL due to the production
of excessively short thin shoots on the latter medium. DKW also was superior to QL and MS for production of young expanding
leaves for use as explants in adventitious regeneration. Leaf explants derived from shoot proliferation cultures grown on
DKW or QL media produced more adventitious shoots than leaf explants from MS. 相似文献
7.
A simple, high-frequency and reproducible protocol for induction of adventitious shoot buds and plant regeneration from leaf-disc
cultures of Jatropha curcas L. has been developed. Adventitious shoot buds were induced from very young leaf explants of in vitro germinated seedlings
as well as mature field-grown plants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (2.27 μM),
6-benzylaminopurine (BA) (2.22 μM) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.49 μM). The presence of TDZ in the induction medium
has greater influence on the induction of adventitious shoot buds, whereas BA in the absence of TDZ promoted callus induction
rather than shoot buds. Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated into shoots following transfer to the MS medium supplemented
with BA (4.44 μM), kinetin (Kn) (2.33 μM), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.43 μM), and gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.72 μM). Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 μM) after 30 days. Regenerated plants
after 2 months of acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field without visible morphological variation. This
protocol might find use in mass production of true-to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolistic-mediated transformation. 相似文献
8.
Leaf explants of Jatropha curcas cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.90 μM) in combination with indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA; 0.98μM) produced adventitious shoot buds directly on the surface of the explants without formation of intervening
callus while shoot bud formation was accompanied with callus formation on medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP;
13.3 μM) and IBA (2.46 μM). TDZ treatment resulted in more than twice higher rate of shoot bud induction than BAP. Shoot buds
were multiplied and elongated following repeated transfers to medium containing BAP (2.22 μM) and gibberellic acid (GA3; 1.44 μM). The effect of copper sulphate on differentiation of shoot buds from leaf segments was also investigated. Both
shoot induction and multiplication media were supplemented with different levels of CuSO4 (0–5 μM). Significant improvement in shoot bud induction was observed when the concentration of CuSO4 was increased to 10 times the normal MS level. Healthy elongated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented
with IBA (2.46 μM). Rooted plantlets were transferred to field and survived. Histological analysis revealed direct formation
of shoot buds from leaf explants. 相似文献
9.
Shoot bud regeneration was obtained from isolated leaflets of Albizia procera cultured on MS medium with various concentrations
of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest numbers of adventitious buds were obtained on MS medium
supplemented with 10 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. The replacement of 7 g l-1 Difco bacto agar with 2.6 g l-1 Phytagel in the medium
enhanced adventitious bud regeneration. Further, addition of 15 μM silver nitrate promoted callus-free shoot regeneration
from leaf explants. The regenerated shoot buds were elongated on MS medium containing 0.01 μM BA and 1 μM NAA. Rooting was
obtained on modified MS medium supplemented with 2 μM IBA. To our knowledge this is the first report of direct regeneration
of shoots from leaflet explants in A. procera, and should help facilitate genetic transformation in this species.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
The sequence and rate of organ formation in embryos and inducedbuds of Ophioglossum vulgatum are compared. In the embryo, theappearance of the primary root considerably precedes the organizationof the shoot apex and the formation of the first leaf; but ininduced root and shoot buds the reverse is the case. With thelimited nutrition provided by the saprophytic underground prothallus,the first leaf of the embryo (actually the second leaf formed)does not appear above ground until after 78 years; butin buds induced in decapitated shoots, four to six new leavesmay be formed in 56 months. Completely defoliated shootsmay show a comparable rate of leaf formation. The conclusionis reached that while the fundamental pattern of developmentis the same in embryos and buds, the actual sequence in whichthe primary organs are formed, and their rate of formation anddevelopment, are referable to nutritional factors. 相似文献
11.
Summary A viable protocol has been developed for direct and indirect shoot regeneration of Vernonia cinerea. To establish a stable and high-frequency plant regeneration system, leaf and stem explants were tested with different combinations
of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and benzylaminopurine (BA). Lateral buds on nodal explants
grew into shoots within 2 wk of culture in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 20.9 μM BA. Excision and culture of nodal segments from in vitro-raised shoots on fresh medium with the same concentration of BA facilitated development of more than 15 shoots per node.
Similarly leaf, nodal, and internodal explants were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations
of BA, NAA, and IAA either alone or in combinations for callus induction and organogenesis. Shoot buds and/or roots were regenerated
on callus. Shoot buds formed multiple shoots within 4 wk after incubation in induction medium. Adventitious buds and shoots
proliferated when callus was cut into pieces and subcultured on MS basal medium containing 20.9 μM BA and 5.3 μM NAA. This combination proved to be the best medium for enhanced adventitious shoot bud multiplication, generating a maximum
of 50 shoots in 4 wk. This medium was also used successfully for shoot proliferation in liquid medium. Root formation was
observed from callus induced in medium containing 8.05–13.4 μM NAA. Regenerated shoots exhibited flowering and root formation in MS basal medium without any growth regulators. Plantlets
established in the field showed 85% survival and exhibited identical morphological characteristics as the donor plant. 相似文献
12.
MILLER ROBYN M.; KAUL VIJAY; HUTCHINSON JAMES F.; RICHARDS DENNIS 《Annals of botany》1991,67(1):35-42
Adventitious shoots were regenerated from axillary bud explantsof 15 carnation cultivars. The use of leaf and stem explantswas not successful, largely due to explant senescence in thepresence of benzyladenine, kinetin and, to a lesser extent,zeatin. For axillary bud explants, a suitable optimum adventitiousregeneration medium contained Murashige and Skoog basal mediumsolidified with Gelrite and supplemented with 15 µm benzyladenineand 0.5 µM a-napthaleneacetic acid. Adventitious primordiaarose from the cut basal end of bud explants erupting as individualshoots after 23 weeks incubation. The axillary bud sizeand the time between subcultures of source material influencedthe production of adventitious shoots. Transfer of regeneratedshoots onto a medium solidified with agar minimized visiblesigns of vitrification. Regenerated shoots could be easily rooted,transferred to glasshouse conditions and grown to flowering. Vitrification, tissue culture, cut flowers, Dianthus caryophyllus L., carnation, cytokinins, explant 相似文献
13.
B. K. Ghimire E. S. Seong E. J. Goh N. Y. Kim W. H. Kang E. H. Kim C. Y. Yu I. M. Chung 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(2):209-217
An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for direct shoot regeneration in Drymaria cordata Willd. using leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine. The regeneration frequency varied with the
plant growth regulator concentrations, orientation of the explants, and the carbon source and basal salts present in the regeneration
medium. The highest mean number of shoots per explant (10.65 ± 1.03) was recorded on MS plates containing 3% sucrose and 0.8%
agar supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg/l BAP. Shoot buds were induced in the basal parts of the leaf explants. Concentrations
of NAA exceeding 1 mg/l suppressed shoot regeneration. Explants bearing the entire lamina and petiole were much more responsive
than those having only the lamina. The plantlets that regenerated from the leaf explants were rooted successively on MS medium
alone or in combination with indole butyric acid (IBA). The highest mean number of root organogenesis, with 25.67 ± 3.68 roots
per leaf segment, was obtained in the presence of 1 mg/l IBA. Histological investigations of the regenerating shoots showed
that the shoot buds had emerged from epidermal cells without callus formation. More than 90% of the in vitro-propagated plants
survived when transferred to a greenhouse for acclimatization. Thus, this optimized regeneration system may be used for rapid
shoot proliferation and genetic transformation. 相似文献
14.
MOREIRA-DIAS J. M.; MOLINA R. V.; BORDON Y.; GUARDIOLA J. L.; GARCIA-LUIS A. 《Annals of botany》2000,85(1):103-110
Bud differentiation by direct organogenesis at the apical endof Troyer citrange (Citrus sinensis[L]. OsbeckxPoncirus trifoliata[L].Raf.) epicotyl cuttings inserted vertically in a semi-solidculture medium did not require hormone additions. The numberof buds regenerated was slightly, but significantly, increasedwhen the incubation was performed in the light as compared tothe dark, and by the addition of benzyladenine (BA; 2.2 to 22µM) to the medium. Bud sprouting and subsequent shootformation required the addition of BA and was increased by lightto a higher extent than bud formation. The best response wasobtained with the highest BA concentration tested (22 µM).Regeneration through the indirect organogenic pathway at thetwo edges of the epicotyl cuttings when in contact with theculture medium did not occur in the absence of benzyladenine,which was an absolute requirement for callus development. Thebest regeneration response was obtained when the explants wereincubated in the light in the presence of 4.4 µM BA andan auxin. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; 5.8 µM) was moreeffective in increasing shoot formation than naphthaleneaceticacid (NAA; 0.54 µM). Higher NAA concentrations inhibitedshoot formation. Incubation in the dark or increasing the BAconcentration (22 µM) increased markedly callus growth,but inhibited both bud differentiation and sprouting, almostcompletely suppressing shoot formation. The conditions duringregeneration affected the rooting of the regenerated shoots.Rooting of 86% of the shoots was achieved in a medium with 2.7µM NAA and 2.6 µM indole-3-butyric acid. All therooted explants acclimated and survived transplanting. Underthe optimal conditions tested, the proliferation rate obtainedthrough the indirect regeneration pathway ranged from 60 to86 plants per seedling. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company Troyer citrange, Citrus sinensisxPoncirus trifoliata, auxins, benzyladenine, direct organogenesis, hormone requirement, indirect organogenesis, light, morphogenesis, rooting. 相似文献
15.
In vitro shoot regeneration from sterile leaf and petiole explants and from in-situ-collected inflorescence buds of Petasites hybridus was achieved by a simple two-step protocol. Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium was supplemented with 17.6 μm benzyladenine (BA)+0.54 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce shoots. After 5 weeks of culture, 40% of the petiole and 27% of the leaf explants
produced shoots compared to 76% of the inflorescence buds. Single shoots were excised and subcultured on MS medium supplemented
with various cytokinins (N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine, BA, kinetin and thidiazuron). A concentration of 8.8 μm kinetin+0.54 μm NAA performed best in terms of shoot multiplication rate, average shoot length and spontaneous root induction.
Received: 20 August 1997 / Revision received: 29 December 1997 / Accepted: 5 February 1998 相似文献
16.
J. Ponsamuel D. V. Huhman B. G. Cassidy D. Post-Beittenmiller 《Plant cell reports》1998,17(5):373-378
Shoot buds were induced from plumular explants of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., cv `Okrun') preconditioned on medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin and then transferred to regeneration
medium containing benzylaminopurine and β-naphthoxyacetic acid. Buds differentiated 25 days following transfer to regeneration medium. Each explant produced 30 to
40 buds, but only 4 shoots. The remaining buds were dormant and did not produce shoots when maintained on regeneration medium.
Shoots were regenerated continuously, however, when explants were subsequently transferred to shoot conversion medium containing
1 μM brassin, benzylaminopurine and β-naphthoxyacetic acid, respectively. Approximately 5 shoots were harvested every 30 days after transfer to shoot conversion
medium for up to 7 months. No further shoot production was observed from explants maintained on regeneration medium without
brassin. Regenerated shoots could be rooted and produced viable seeds. This procedure provides an efficient and reliable system
for regeneration and transformation studies using cv `Okrun'.
Received: 9 April 1997 / Revision received: 27 August 1997 / Accepted: 20 September 1997 相似文献
17.
Adventitious shoot buds were induced from leaf and stem explants of Bacopa monnieri on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with benzyladenine or kinetin. The source of the explants as well as different
gelling agents in the medium were found to influence shoot induction and eventual shoot growth. The best response was obtained
in leaf explants taken from shoot cultures grown in medium supplemented with 2 μM benzyladenine and gelled with 0.2% gelrite. A transverse section of the leaf explant incubated in this medium showed several
shoot primordia emerging from the leaf surface. This system exhibited a potential for repeated harvesting of the shoots from
the original leaf explant as the latter continued to expand and regenerate new shoots, upon repeated periodical subculturing
onto fresh medium. However, the callusing response of the plant was very low. Qualitative TLC studies of the regenerated shoots
revealed a phytochemical profile similar to that of the field grown-plants.
Received: 20 March 1998 / Revision received: 1 December 1998 / Accepted: 12 December 1998 相似文献
18.
Cucumber explants including at least part of the cotyledon,a short section of hypocotyl, and the apical bud, are capableof producing multiple axillary buds from the seedling apex andadventitious shoots from the hypocotyl base in a medium whichcontains 2·0 mg dm3 of kinetin. Removal of theapical bud triples the number of shoots produced from the apexof explants with two intact cotyledons but does not affect shootproduction from explants with some or all of their cotyledonsremoved. The area of intact cotyledon also influences morphogenesis,as explants with both cotyledons removed, failed to produceadventitious shoots from the hypocotyl base. Culture in continuousdarkness entirely prevents shoot development from the explantbase, but has little influence on shoot production from theapex. The influence of endogenous growth regulators and apicaldominance on the morphogenesis of shoots in cucumber seedlingsare discussed. Key words: Cucumber, cotyledons, apical dominance, morphogenesis, adventitious shoots, Cucumis sativus 相似文献
19.
Summary A protocol for in vitro propagation using direct induction of shoot buds from leaf explants of in vitro-raised shoots of Rosa damascena var. Jwala is reported. The present study is the first report on direct shoot regeneration in scented roses. Elite plants
raised from nodal explants and maintained for over 2yr in vitro on a static liquid shoot multiplication Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 3% sucrose were used. Petioles from fully developed young leaves, obtained after 4 wk of pruning of
old shoots, were found to be ideal for regeneration of shoots. Initially the explants were cultured in an induction medium
[half-strength MS+3% sucrose+6.8μM thidiazuron+0.27 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)+17.7 μM AgNO3] and subsequently transferred to the regeneration medium (MS+2.25 μM BA+0.054 μM NAA) after 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35d. The highest shoot regeneration response (69%) was recorded when shoots were kept in the
induction medium for 21 d and later transferred to regeneration medium. Histological studies revealed direct formation of
shoot buds without the intervening callus phase. In vitro rooting of micro-shoots was accomplished within 2wk on half-strength MS liquid medium supplemented with 10.0 μM IBA and 3% sucrose for 1 wk in the dark and later transferred to hormone-free medium and kept in the light. Plantlets, remaining
in the latter medium for 5–6 wk when transferred to soil, showed 90% survival. 相似文献
20.
Pradeep K. Agarwal Rajinder S. Ranu 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):392-397
Summary The in vitro plant regeneration potential of vegetatively propagated geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum) has been investigated. Using various combinations of growth regulators and a choice of different explants, a regeneration
protocol has been developed to raise in vitro plantlets from young petiole and leaf explants from three different cultivars of geraniums. In all three cultivars, very
young petiole explants exhibited a higher regeneration potential as compared with leaf explants. Regeneration efficiencies
were found to be highly dependent on the cultivar, with cv. Samba showing the highest regeneration potential, followed by
cvs. Yours Truly and then Sincerity. Samba also showed the highest number of shoots from both the petiole [57 shoot buds per
petiole explant in the presence of 3 μM zeatin and 1 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and leaf explants (43 shoots per leaf explant with 10 μM zeatin and 2 μM IAA). Shoot buds transferred to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.44 μM N6-benzyladenine and 0.11 μM IAA grew vigorously and attained 1–2 cm in length in 3–4 wk. These shoots rooted with 100% efficiency on MS basal medium,
and plants developed that showed normal growth and flowering under greenhouse conditions. 相似文献