血红素加氧酶-1对急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤TLR4/NF-κB通路的影响

目的:探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤(PALI)Toll样受体-4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号传导通路的影响。方法:32只SD大鼠随机分为Sham组、PALI组、HO-1促进剂组、HO-1抑制剂组,每组8只。PALI组经胆胰管注入牛磺胆酸钠制备急性重症胰腺炎(ANP)动物模型。Sham组胆胰管内不注入牛磺胆酸钠,其余操作同PALI组。HO-1促进剂组于造模后30 min经腹腔注射牛血晶素75μg/kg;HO-1抑制剂组于造模后30 min经腹腔注射锌-原卟啉20μmol/kg。PALI组和Sham组均于造模后30 min经腹腔注射等量生理盐水。各组大鼠术后24 h,进行肺损伤学评分,统计肺湿/干重比值。检测大鼠术后24 h血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL水平。检测大鼠术后24 h肺组织中TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果:PALI组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κB p65明显高于Sham组;HO-1促进剂组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κB p65明显低于PALI组;HO-1抑制剂组肺损伤学评分、肺湿/干重比值、淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL、TLR4、NF-κBp65明显高于PALI组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HO-1能够通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的激活,下调TNF-α、IL-6、NGAL等炎症因子的释放,从而发挥减轻急性重症胰腺炎相关肺损伤的作用。     

L-精氨酸对实验性大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨一氧化氮(NO)前体物质L-精氨酸(L-Arg)在内毒素(LPS)致大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用.方法 SD大鼠24只随机分为空白对照组、LPS组和L-Arg(500 mg/kg)组.腹腔注射LPS(100 μg/kg)复制急性肺损伤动物模型.在LPS注射2 h后,取大鼠肺称其湿重与干重,计算肺湿干比,测定肺灌洗液蛋白含量和白细胞数量,并进行肺组织病理学检查.结果 与对照组相比,LPS组肺湿干比、肺灌洗液蛋白含量和白细胞计数显著增高(P<0.01,n=8),病理学切片见急性肺损伤性变化;与LPS组相比,L-Arg组肺湿干比、肺灌洗液蛋白含量和白细胞计数显著降低(P<0.01,n=8),肺组织急性损伤显著减轻.结论 L-Arg具有抗LPS致急性肺损伤的作用.     

他克莫司对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎和其相关的肺损伤的保护作用

目的:观察他克莫司(Tacrolimus)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠的潜在治疗作用并探究其机制.方法:健康雌性SD大鼠90只,随机分为对照组、SAP模型组、SAP Tacrolimus治疗组(0.5、1.0、1.5mg/kg),逆行胆胰管注射5%牛磺胆酸钠制备SAP模型.观察肺组织及胰腺组织的病理变化,检测各组大鼠血清TNF-α及MMP-9表达、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALD蛋白含量、胰腺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性.结果:SAP组胰腺、肺组织病理损伤随病情进展而逐渐加重,经tacrolimus治疗后缓解.SAP大鼠组血清TNF-α及MMP-9表达、肺灌洗液(BALF)蛋白含量及胰腺组织MPO活性较对照显著升高(P＜0.01),但是经tacrolimus治疗后升高幅度呈非浓度依赖性的明显降低(P＜0.01),各组大鼠存活率提高(P＜0.01).结论:Tacrolimus可有效降低SAP大鼠急性重症胰腺炎的严重程度,其机制可能包括减少肺脏的毛细血管渗透性,抑制由TNF-α,MMP-9以及中性粒细胞(PMN)所释放的MPO等炎症介质产生的炎症反应.     

黔产毛蒟挥发油对油酸致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响及其机制

为研究黔产毛蒟挥发油在油酸诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用及其机制。实验将雄性成年清洁级SD大鼠按照体重随机分为对照组、油酸模型组和毛蒟挥发油组(0.125、0.25、0.5 mL/kg)。油酸模型组大鼠采用右侧颈静脉注射油酸0.2 mL/kg形成急性肺损伤模型;毛蒟挥发油组大鼠在油酸造模前30分钟静脉注射毛蒟挥发油;建模4 h后处死,留取标本。观察各组肺组织病理学形态并进行肺损伤评分,同时测定血气分析值、右下肺湿干重、肺通透指数以及肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β炎症因子的含量,最后采用免疫组化和Western Blot检测p38MAPK和p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达量。结果表明大鼠PaO_2和PaO_2/FiO_2在油酸模型组明显低于对照组,同时右下肺湿干重、肺通透指数以及肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β炎症因子的含量在油酸模型组明显高于对照组。油酸模型组肺组织病理学显示肺损伤明显;毛蒟挥发油组上述指标较油酸模型组明显减轻。p-p38MAPK蛋白表达量在油酸模型组中明显高于对照组,而p-p38MAPK蛋白表达量在毛蒟挥发油组中明显低于油酸模型组。实验证明黔产毛蒟挥发油能够通过抑制p38MAPK通路减少急性肺损伤炎症因子的产生,对急性肺损伤具有较好的保护作用。     

辛伐他汀对急性肺损伤及囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节体表达的影响

目的:探讨辛伐他汀对急性肺损伤大鼠囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节体(CFTR氯离子通道)的影响及其对减轻急性肺损伤的作用。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、辛伐他汀低剂量组(20 mg/kg)、辛伐他汀中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、辛伐他汀高剂量组(80 mg/kg);气道内滴注脂多糖(10 mg/kg)制备急性肺损伤模型。进行肺湿/干重比、肺泡灌洗液蛋白检测,HE染色观察肺组织的病理变化;实时荧光定量PCR检测肺组织匀浆CFTR mRNA表达。结果:结果显示,模型组的肺湿干重比,肺泡灌洗液蛋白较空白组高(P0.05),病理示肺泡膈增厚,大量炎性细胞浸润,肺泡腔内可见红细胞及血肿,提示模型复制成功。辛伐他汀低剂量组的肺湿/干重比、肺泡灌洗液蛋白与模型组相比无明显差异,病理可见肺损伤较重,与模型组相比无改善;CFTR mRNA表达与模型组相比稍高但无明显差异(P0.05)。辛伐他汀中高剂量组中肺湿/干重比、肺泡灌洗液蛋白与模型组相比有所降低,肺组织CFTRmRNA表达较模型组明显增加(P0.05),但中高剂量组之间无明显差异(P0.05);病理可见肺泡膈增厚,极少见炎性细胞浸润及透明膜,肺泡腔内未见明显出血和水肿,肺损伤程度较模型组减轻。结论:中高剂量的辛伐他汀(40 mg/kg)对急性肺损伤有一定保护作用,并上调CFTR的表达。     

NDRG2 和ZC3H12D在大鼠急性肺损伤中的表达及其相关性的研究

目的:通过建立LPS诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤模型,观察大鼠肺组织中N-myc下游调节基因2(NDRG2)和具有CCCH锌指结构域的蛋白质12d(ZC3H12D)表达水平的变化来讨论二者相互作用的机制。方法:40只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组、LPS注射60 min、120 min和180 min组,获取各组大鼠肺组织,行湿干重比值(W/D)检测、ELISA检测、病理(HE)检测确定肺损伤模型是否建立成功;免疫组化、RT-PCR和Western-blot对NDRG2和ZC3H12D在m RNA水平和蛋白水平进行检测。结果:各LPS损伤组与对照组相比,W/D比值显著升高,180 min组比值最高,为5.68±0.52(P0.05),血清和肺匀浆中TNFα和IL-1β含量明显增加(P0.05);损伤组肺泡壁增宽,炎细胞浸润明显;肺组织NDRG2和ZC3H12D在m RNA水平和蛋白水平的表达都呈相降低后回升的趋势,180 min组NDRG2和ZC3H12D,蛋白含量分别为对照组的0.37和0.44倍(P0.05)。结论:LPS诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤可同时下调肺组织中NDRG2和ZC3H12D的表达,并且NDRG2和ZC3H12D具有潜在的相关性,提示两者可能存在互相调节的机制,并通过调节NF-κB通路对肺损伤的大鼠起保护作用。     

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在大鼠油酸型急性肺损伤中的作用

目的:研究p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)通路抑制剂SB203580对油酸性急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠炎症反应及肺水清除的影响,探讨油酸性急性肺损伤中p38MAPK的作用机制,为p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580干预脂肪栓塞综合征诱导肺损伤提供新途径。方法:24只SD雄性成年大鼠随机分为对照组(8只)、油酸模型组(8只)和SB203580干预组(8只)。油酸模型组大鼠经右颈静脉注射油酸0.20 ml/kg,造成急性肺损伤模型;SB203580组大鼠在油酸造模前30 min静脉注射SB203580;建模4 h后处死动物,检测血气分析、右下肺湿干重比(W/D)、肺系数(LI)、肺通透指数(PPI),ELISA法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中TNF-α含量,免疫组化和Western blot法检测肺组织p38MAPK、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平,检测肺组织病理变化。结果:与对照组相比,油酸模型组大鼠Pa O2及Pa O2/Fi O2明显降低,右下肺湿干重、肺系数和肺通透指数、BALF中炎症因子TNF-α的含量以及pp38MAPK蛋白表达均明显增加(P0.01),肺组织病理学显示明显的急性肺损伤;与油酸模型组相比,以上指标在SB203580干预组则明显改善(P0.01)。结论:p38MAPK信号通路介导的炎性反应在油酸性肺损伤的发病机制中具有重要作用,p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580显著抑制炎症因子的表达,减轻肺水肿,对油酸性肺损伤具有明显的肺保护作用,意味着对p38MAPK的抑制可望为临床上伴有脂肪栓塞综合征(FES)的ALI的防治提供新途径。     

高密度脂蛋白减轻小鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤

高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein, HDL)是一种血浆含量丰富的脂蛋白,通常认为它可在体内发挥抗炎作用,能够与内毒素结合而抑制其生物活性.为探讨人HDL对内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响,将昆明小鼠分为假手术对照组、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)组、HDL组和LPS HDL组,腹腔注射LPS(10mg/kg体重)复制内毒素性急性肺损伤模型,于腹腔注射LPS 30min后经尾静脉给予人血浆HDL(70mg/kg体重),6h后结束实验.处死动物前抽取动脉血测定血气变化(PaO2, pH, PaCO2).处死后行支气管肺泡灌洗,计数灌洗液中白细胞(white blood cell, WBC)数量,测定蛋白含量和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活性,并取肺组织进行病理学观察,测定肺组织湿/干重比值、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量、髓过氧化酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)活性和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)含量.结果显示:(1)HDL改善小鼠肺换气功能,显著降低LPS所致的PaO2、pH的降低和PaCO2的增高(P<0.01);(2)HDL显著抑制LPS所致的肺泡灌洗液中WBC数量、总蛋白浓度和LDH活性的增高(P<0.01),降低肺组织湿/干重比值、MPO活性、MDA和TNF-α含量(P<0.05, P<0.01);(3)病理形态学分析及评分显示,HDL治疗组小鼠在出血、肺水肿及肺组织内中性粒细胞浸润的程度均低于LPS所致肺损伤组(P<0.01).结果提示,HDL可减轻小鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的:研究壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:C57BL/6雌性小鼠60只,随机分为4组,空白组(n=12)、模型组(n=12)、阴性对照组(n=12)、给药组(n=12)。模型组和给药组腹腔注射LPS复制小鼠肺损伤模型,给药组同时注射壳聚糖,空白组和阴性对照组注射等量的生理盐水和壳聚糖溶液。注射LPS 24h后处死小鼠,取血,分离血清,并收集支气管肺泡灌洗液,剖取肺组织。测定肺组织湿干重比,氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果:显著抑制ALI小鼠氧化应激反应,脂质过氧化生物标记物MDA含量和超氧化物歧化酶减少。IL-6和TNF-α水平下降。结论:壳聚糖对LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤具有一定保护作用,显示出良好的抗炎效应,作用机制与抗氧化、抑制炎性细胞因子的释放有关。     

清肺化痰汤灌胃治疗对急性胰腺炎大鼠相关肺损伤的作用

摘要 目的：探讨清肺化痰汤灌胃治疗对急性胰腺炎大鼠相关肺损伤的作用。方法：45只SD大鼠随机分为3 组-正常对照组(15只)、模型组(15只)、清肺化痰组(15只),模型组与清肺化痰组都建立了急性胰腺炎大鼠相关肺损伤模型,对照组仅开腹后轻翻胰腺组织后缝合。清肺化痰组在造模前2 h给予清肺化痰汤0.6 mL/100 g灌胃,对照组与模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。结果：模型组与清肺化痰组建模后24 h、36 h、48 h的血清淀粉酶、IL-6、IL-8水平都高于对照组(P<0.05),清肺化痰组低于模型组(P<0.05)。模型组与清肺化痰组建模后24 h、36 h、48 h的肺组织病理评分、Caspase-3蛋白相对表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05),清肺化痰组低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论：清肺化痰汤灌胃治疗急性胰腺炎大鼠相关肺损伤能调节肺脏细胞凋亡水平,抑制炎症因子的释放,从而减轻肺损伤,改善大鼠的病情。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠腺泡细胞凋亡及X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白XIP的表达

目的:研究急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠腺泡细胞凋亡,X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)的表达及其与疾病严重程度的关系。方法:通过胰胆管逆行注射不同浓度的牛黄胆酸钠,制备急性水肿型胰腺炎(AEP)和急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠模型,同时设假手术(SO)组为对照。收集各模型组3,6和12h标本,对胰腺组织进行病理学评分,并测定血清淀粉酶和腹水量;用TUNEL染色检测胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡,分别RT-PCR和Western Blotting法测定大鼠胰腺组织XIAP mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:成功建立了大鼠AP模型。同SO组相比,ANP和AEP组胰腺组织在各时间点均有不同程度的病理损害,血清淀粉酶也显著增高(P均<0.01)。且ANP组显著高于AEP组(P均<0.01)。造模成功3h后,各组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞均出现少量凋亡,但ANP和AEP组凋亡显著多于SO组(P<0.05),ANP和AEP组间没有差别(P>0.05)。同SO组相比,ANP和AEP组在6h和12h时凋亡均增多(P<0.01),且AEP组显著高于ANP组(P<0.01)。造模成功3h后,各模型组XIAP mRNA表达没有差异(P>0.05);6h和12h时AEP组XIAP mRNA表达明显下降,而ANP组明显升高,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。XIAP蛋白表达水平与mRNA表达水平相一致。结论:急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织XIAP表达与腺泡细胞凋亡情况相反,且与疾病严重程度平行。XIAP可能负性调控AP大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡。     

Interaction of complement and leukocytes in severe acute pancreatitis: potential for therapeutic intervention

In acute pancreatitis, local as well as systemic organ complications are mediated by the activation of various inflammatory cascades. The role of complement in this setting is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of complement activation in experimental pancreatitis, to evaluate the interaction of complement and leukocyte-endothelium activation, and to assess the effects of complement inhibition by soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) in this setting. Necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in Wistar rats by the combination of intravenous cerulein and retrograde infusion of glycodeoxycholic acid into the biliopancreatic duct; edematous pancreatitis was induced by intravenous cerulein only. In control animals, a sham operation (midline laparotomy) was performed. Complement activation, leukocyte sequestration, and pancreatic as well as pulmonary injury were assessed in the presence/absence of sCR1. Increased levels of C3a were found in necrotizing but not in edematous pancreatitis. When complement activation in necrotizing pancreatitis was blocked by sCR1, levels of C3a and total hemolytic activity (CH50) were decreased. Leukocyte-endothelial interaction, as assessed by intravital microscopy, and pancreatic as well as pulmonary organ injury (wet-to-dry weight ratio, MPO activity, and histology) were ameliorated by sCR1. As a result of the present study, necrotizing but not edematous pancreatitis is characterized by significant and early complement activation. Based on the interaction of complement and leukocytes, complement inhibition by sCR1 may be a valuable option in the treatment of leukocyte-associated organ injury in severe pancreatitis.     

急性出血坏死性胰腺炎肝损伤中TLR2, 4mRNA和蛋白的表达

目的:观察急性出血坏死性胰腺炎肝损伤中TLR-2、TLR4的表达水平,分析TLR2和TLR4在AHNP肝损伤中的表达意义。方法:48只成年Wistar大鼠作为实验动物,随机分为对照组和造模组各24只,造模组利用牛磺胆酸钠建立AHNP模型,在造模后3 h、12 h以及24 h时,每组分别各取8只大鼠,应用RT-PCR法检测TLR2、TLR4mRNA表达水平,应用Western blot检测肝脏组织中TLR2、TLR4蛋白表达水平。结果:造模后,造模组TLR2mRNA、TLR4mRNA、TLR2蛋白、TLR4蛋白显著升高,且在造模后12 h出现峰值,与同时段对照组相比差异显著(P0.01)。结论:急性出血坏死性胰腺炎肝损伤组织中TLR2、TLR4mRNA和蛋白表达水平异常升高,TLR2、TLR4可能参与了急性出血坏死性胰腺炎肝损伤发生发展过程。     

Aurora-A激酶对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺脏损伤的修复作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究Aurora-A激酶对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺脏损伤的修复作用。方法：36只雄性SD大鼠均分为三组：对照组、模型组与Aurora-A组。对照组进行假手术操作,模型组建立急性胰腺炎模型后给予注射等量生理盐水治疗,Aurora-A组建立急性胰腺炎模型后给予阴茎背静脉注射鼠Aurora-A类因子-MLN8054 10 mg/kg治疗,记录大鼠肺脏损伤的修复情况。结果：造模过程中无大鼠死亡情况发生,模型组与Aurora-A组造模后2 w与4 w的肺组织病理评分、血清中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(neutrophil elastase,NE)与髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)含量、肺组织W/D、肺组织蛋白激酶B(AKT)、细胞外信号调节激酶1(ERK1)蛋白相对表达水平都高于对照组(P<0.05),Aurora-A组少于模型组(P<0.05)。结论：Aurora-A激酶在急性胰腺炎大鼠的应用能抑制Akt/ERK信号通路激活,减少血清NE与MPO的表达,从而促进肺脏损伤修复。     

Abdominal paracentesis drainage attenuates intestinal mucosal barrier damage through macrophage polarization in severe acute pancreatitis

Abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD), as an effective treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in clinical settings, can ameliorate intestinal barrier damage and the overall severity of SAP. However, the mechanism underlying therapeutic effects of APD on damaged intestinal mucosal barrier during SAP is still unclear. Here, SAP was induced by injecting 5% Na-taurocholate retrograde into the biliopancreatic duct of rats to confirm the benefits of APD on enteral injury of SAP and further explore the possible mechanism. Abdominal catheter was placed after SAP was induced in APD group. As control group, the sham group received no operation except abdominal opening and closure. By comparing changes among control group, sham group, and APD group, APD treatment obviously lowered the intestinal damage and reduced the permeation of intestinal mucosal barrier, which was evidenced by intestinal H&E staining, enteral expression of tight junction proteins, intestinal apoptosis measurement and detection of serum diamine oxidase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and D-lactic acid. Furthermore, we found that APD polarized intestinal macrophages toward M2 phenotype by the determination of immunofluorescence and western blotting, and this accounts for the benefits of APD for intestinal injury in SAP. Importantly, the protective effect against intestinal injury by APD treatment was mediated through the inhibited ASK1/JNK pathway. In summary, APD improved the intestinal mucosal barrier damage in rats with SAP through an increasing portion of M2 phenotype macrophages in intestine via inhibiting ASK1/JNK pathway.     

Endotoxin translocation in two models of experimental acute pancreatitis

To test the hypothesis that endotoxin is absorbed from the gut into the circulation in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis we studied two different animal models. In the first model necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by the ligation of the disatl bilio-pancreatic duct while in the second, experimental oedematous acute pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous injections of caerulein. In both experiments, in the colon of rats with acute pancreatitis endotoxin from Salmonella abortus equi was injected. Endotoxin was detected by immunohistochemistry in peripheral organs with specific antibodies. The endotoxin was found only in rats with both acute pancreatitis and endotoxin injected into the colon and not in the control groups. The distribution of endotoxin in liver at 3 and 5 days was predominantly at hepatocytes level around terminal hepatic venules, while in lung a scattered diffuse pattern at the level of alveolar macrophages was identified. A positive staining was observed after 12 hours in the liver, lung, colon and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats with both caerulein pancreatitis and endotoxin injected into the colon. We conclude that the experimental acute pancreatitis leads to early endotoxin translocation from the gut lumen in the intestinal wall and consequent access of gut-derived endotoxin to the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and lung.     

Effects of gabexate mesilate on serum inflammatory cytokines in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Gabexate mesilate is a synthetic protease inhibitor. The effectiveness of gabexate mesilate in patients with acute pancreatitis is controversial. Proinflammatory cytokines are associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in acute pancreatitis. A compensatory anti-inflammatory response occurs in parallel with SIRS. We investigated the effects of gabexate mesilate on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats, emphasizing the changes in serum levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by retrograde infusion of sodium taurodeoxycholate into the pancreatobiliary duct in rats. The rats were divided into three groups. Group I was given gabexate mesilate 2 mg/kg/h i.v. continuously 1 h before the induction of acute pancreatitis. Group II was given gabexate mesilate the same dose immediately after the induction of acute pancreatitis. Group III was given normal saline as the controls. Serum levels of amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10, pancreatic histopathology and hemodynamics were examined at 5h after the induction of acute pancreatitis. Gabexate mesilate significantly reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 at 5 h. Serum levels of interleukin-10 significantly increased in Group I, as compared with Groups II and III. The severity of pancreatic histopathology, the reduction of mean arterial pressure, the volume of ascites and pancreatic wet weight/body weight ratios were also significantly improved by the administration of gabexate mesilate. The beneficial effects of gabexate mesilate on acute pancreatitis may be, in part, due to the modulation of inflammatory cytokine responses.     

Therapeutic Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Perfluorocarbon Emulsion on LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the leading causes of death in critical care. Despite extensive efforts in research and clinical medicine, mortality remains high in these diseases. Perfluorocarbon (PFC), a chemical compound known as liquid ventilation medium, is capable of dissolving large amounts of physiologically important gases (mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide). In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of PFC emulsion on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action. Forty two Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: 6 rats were treated with saline solution by intratracheal instillation (control group), 18 rats were treated with LPS by intratracheal instillation (LPS group) and the other 18 rats received PFC through femoral vein prior to LPS instillation (LPS+PFC group). The rats in the control group were sacrificed 6 hours later after saline instillation. At 2, 4 and 6 hours of exposure to LPS, 6 rats in the LPS group and 6 rats in LPS+PFC group were sacrificed at each time point. By analyzing pulmonary pathology, partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (PaO2) and lung wet-dry weight ratio (W/D) of each rat, we found that intravenous infusion of PFC significantly alleviated acute lung injury induced by LPS. Moreover, we showed that the expression of pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of endothelial cells and CD11b of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induced by LPS were significantly decreased by PFC treatment in vivo. Our results indicate that intravenous infusion of PFC inhibits the infiltration of PMNs into lung tissue, which has been shown as the core pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Thus, our study provides a theoretical foundation for using intravenous infusion of PFC to prevent and treat ALI/ARDS in clinical practice.