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1.
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00544.x Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and nystatin mouthwash in denture stomatitis Introduction: Denture stomatitis (DS) is the most common form of chronic oral candidiasis. The standard treatment for DS is nystatin, which is accompanied with complications such as a bitter taste. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of garlic with nystatin in DS. Material and Methods: This randomised clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients with DS. After obtaining written consent, patients were divided into two groups while members of each group were given either nystatin or garlic extract for 4 weeks. The length and width of erythema area was measured at the end of the first, second, third, and the fourth weeks using a calliper. Data were analysed by SPSS and statistical tests including variance analysis with anova repeated measures, chi‐square, and least square differences. Results: The changes in the length and width of erythema at different times according to the type of treatment were found to be significant while an accelerated recovery was demonstrated for nystatin (p < 0.001). Both regimens resulted in significant recovery (p < 0.0001). Greater satisfaction with the use of garlic rather than nystatin was mentioned (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Considering the efficacy of garlic and lack of side effects for this compound and also regarding the nystatin‐associated complications, garlic extract can be introduced as a substitution for standard treatment in DS. 相似文献
2.
The aim of the current study was to design oral controlled release mucoadhesive compressed hydrophilic matrices of atenolol
and to optimize the drug release profile and bioadhesion using response surface methodology. Tablets were prepared by direct
compression and evaluated for bioadhesive strength and in vitro dissolution parameters. A central composite design for 2 factors
at 3 levels each was employed to systematically optimize drug release profile and bioadhesive strength. Carbopol 934P and
sodium carboxymethylcellulose were taken as the independent variables. Response surface plots and contour plots were drawn,
and optimum formulations were selected by feasibility and grid searches. Compressed matrices exhibited non-Fickian drug release
kinetics approaching zero-order, as the value of release rate exponent (n) varied between 0.6672 and 0.8646, resulting in regulated and complete release until 24 hours. Both the polymers had significant
effect on the bioadhesive strength of the tablets, measured as force of detachment against porcine gastric mucosa (P<.001). Polynomial mathematical models, generated for various response variables using multiple linear regression analysis,
were found to be statistically significant (P<.01). Validation of optimization study, performed using 8 confirmatory runs, indicated very high degree of prognostic ability
of response surface methodology, with mean percentage error (±SD) as −0.0072±1.087. Besides unraveling the effect of the 2
factors on the various response variables, the study helped in finding the optimum formulation with excellent bioadhesive
strength and controlled release.
Published: January 13, 2006 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this research was to formulate and system-atically evaluate in vitro and in vivo performances of mucoadhesive
microspheres of glipizide. Glipizide microspheres containing chitosan were prepared by simple emulsification phase separation
technique using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Results of preliminary trials indicate that volume of cross-linking
agent, time for cross-linking, polymer-to-drug ratio, and speed of rotation affected characteristics of microspheres. Microspheres
were discrete, spherical, and free flowing. The microspheres exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash-off
test and also showed a high percentage drug entrapment efficiency. A 32 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, polymer-to-drug ratio (X
1), and stirring speed (X
2) on dependent variables percentage mucoadhesion, t80, drug entrapment efficiency, and swelling index. The best batch exhibited a high drug entrapment efficiency of 75% and a
swelling index of 1.42; percentage mucoadhesion after 1 hour was 78%. The drug release was also sustained for more than 12
hours. The polymer-to-drug ratio had a more significant effect on the dependent variables. In vivo testing of the mucoadhesive
microspheres to albino Wistar rats demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effect of glipizide. 相似文献
4.
The aim of the study was the development of mucoadhesive vaginal tablets designed for the local controlled release of acriflavine, an antimicrobial drug used as a model. The tablets were prepared using drug-loaded chitosan microspheres and additional excipients (methylcellulose, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, or Carbopol 974). The microspheres were prepared by a spray-drying method, using the drug to polymer weight ratios 1:1 and 1:2 and were characterized in terms of morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release behavior, as MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bacterial Concentration), and killing time (KT). The tablets were prepared by direct compression, characterized by in vitro drug release and in vitro mucoadhesive tests. The microparticles have sizes of 4 to 12 microm; the mean encapsulation yields are about 90%. Acriflavine, encapsulated into the polymer, maintains its antibacterial activity; killing time of the encapsulated drug is similar to that of the free drug. In vitro release profiles of tablets show differences depending on the excipient used. In particular Carbopol 974, which is highly cross-linked, is able to determine a drug-controlled release from the matrix tablets for more than 8 hours. The in vitro adhesion tests, carried out on the same formulation, show a good adhesive behavior. The formulation containing microspheres with drug to polymer weight ratios of 1:1 and Carbopol 974 is characterized by the best release behavior and shows good mucoadhesive properties. These preliminary data indicate that this formulation can be proposed as a mucoadhesive vaginal delivery system for the controlled release of acriflavine. 相似文献
5.
Hyong-Ju Kim Chang-Moon Lee Yong-Bok Lee Ki-Young Lee 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2005,10(6):516-521
Drug delivery to the lymphatic system may be important in terms of the treatment with lymphatic involvement, such as tumor
metastases and immunization. Especially, drug transport via the intestinal lymphatics after oral administration has been attracted
lots of interests. The purpose of this study was to prepare cyclosporin A (CSA)-loaded liposomes, with different characteristics,
and evaluate their ucoadhesivity. Three liposome preparations were formulated: cationic stearylamine liposomes (SA-Lip), anionic
phosphatidylserine liposomes (PS-Lip), polymer (chitosan)-coated liposomes (CS-Lip), and characterized. The liposome preparations
were found to be spherical in shape, with PS-Lip being the smallest. The liposome preparations exhibited entrapment efficiencies
in the order: PS-Lip (52.5±2.9%)>SA-Lip (48.8±3.3%)> CS-Lip (41.7±4.2%). Finally, mucoadhesive tests were carried out using
rat intestine, with SA-Lip (67%) showing the best adhesive rate of the three preparations (PS-Lip: 56%, CS-Lip: 61%). These
results suggest that a positive charge on the surface of drug carriers may be an important factor for the intestinal drug
delivery. 相似文献
6.
Dr. Paul B. Fisher Vernon Bryson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1977,13(9):548-556
Summary Nystatin methyl ester (NME), the methyl ester derivative of the polyene macrolide antibiotic nystatin, is known to be effective
against fungi and is now found to be relatively less toxic than the parent antibiotic nystatin (NYS) to animal cells in culture
as measured by51Cr release, cell survival at different posttreatment periods and cell growth. NYS and NME were tested on TK− mouse (B82) and hamster (B1) cells, HGPRT− mouse (RAG) cells, and on lysolecithin-fused cells selected in HAT medium and confirmed as B82-RAG an B1-RAG hybrids by chromosomal
analysis plus polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lactate dehydrogenase. NME was less toxic and caused less immediate membrane
damage than NYS when tested in all five cell systems. However, differences in innate polyene sensitivity were evident between
the three parental cell types. B82 and B1 cells were more resistant than RAG cells to NYS and NME. B82-RAG hybrids reflected
the higher level resistance of B82 parental cells, and B1-RAG hybrids reflected the higher level resistance of B1 cells. Where
one parental cell type is relatively more polyene sensitive, the use of polyenes in the future may be applicable as selective
agents in cell hybridization.
This investigation was supported by NIH Training Grant No. GM 507 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. 相似文献
7.
利用制霉菌素浓缩处理高频率地检出黑曲霉营养缺陷型突变株 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以亚硝酸诱变处理黑曲霉N343和黑曲霉UV-11的分生孢子,然后将它们培养在完全培养基平板上至第二代分生孢子长出,收集这些孢子以制霉菌素浓缩处理,结果以3.8~0.3%的高频率得到19株稳定的营养缺陷型突变株:从黑曲霉N343获得3株维生素类的缺陷型,它们分别为双缺或叁缺;从黑曲霉UV-11获得16株特殊的脯氨酸营养缺陷型,进一步分析表明这是由于从谷氨酸合成脯氨酸或精氨酸的代谢阻断所致。所有以上突变株形态与各自原养型相似,但在产酶活力方面均为负突变 相似文献
8.
目的探讨甲硝唑联合制霉菌素对滴虫性阴道炎的临床效果,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法选择我院2013年1月~2016年5月收治的滴虫性阴道炎患者92例为研究对象,分为观察组41例和对照组51例。观察组给予甲硝唑+制霉菌素联合用药方案,对照组仅单纯采用甲硝唑治疗,观察比较两组患者阴道炎的疗效、IL-2(血清白介素-2)水平、IL-13(血清白介素-13)水平以及IL-8(血清白介素-8)水平等方面的差异,进行判定甲硝唑与制霉菌素的临床联用价值。结果两组患者的血清IL-2水平、血清IL-13水平以及血清IL-8水平比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的临床疗效明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲硝唑联合制霉菌素治疗滴虫性阴道炎,可显著降低血清IL-2、血清IL-13以及血清IL-8水平,治疗效果确切,安全性高。 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this research was to prepare spray-dried mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery. Microspheres composed
of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H), chitosan (CS), carbopol 934P (CP) and various combinations of these mucoadhesive polymers,
and maltodextrin (M), colloidal silicon dioxide (A), and propylene glycol (P) as filler and shaper, were prepared by spray-drying
technique. Using propranolol HCl as a model drug, microspheres were prepared at loadings exceedings 80% and yields between
24% and 74%. Bulky, free flowing microspheres that had median particle size between 15 and 23 μm were obtained. Their zeta
potential was according to the charge of polymer. Adhesion time of mucoadhesive microspheres on isolated pig intestine was
ranked, CS>CP: H>CP>H, while the rank order of swelling was CP>CS>H. Increasing the amount of CP in CP∶H formulations increased
the percentage of swelling. Infrared (IR) spectra showed no interaction between excipients used except CS with acetic acid.
The release of drug from CP and CP∶H microspheres was slower than the release from H and CS microspheres, correlated to their
viscosity and swelling. Long lag time from the CP microspheres could be shortened when combined with H. The permeation of
drug through nasal cell monolayer corresponded to their release profiles. These microspheres affected the integrity of tight
junctions, relative to their swelling and charge of polymer. Cell viability was not affected except from CS microspheres,
but recovery could be obtained. In conclusion, spray-dried microspheres of H, CS, CP, and CP∶H could be prepared to deliver
drug through nasal cell monolayer via the opening of tight junction without cell damaging.
Published: February 10, 2006 相似文献
10.
The incidence of yeasts in the oral cavity, rectum and urine of a population of 60 children hospitalized for treatment of acute second and third degree burns was approximately the same at the time of their admission as would be expected in healthy subjects. After hospitalization, the incidence of yeasts was reduced in the intestinal tract of acute patients who received nystatin orally but increased in the oral cavity. The majority of 418 yeasts were inhibited in vitro by less than 50 units/ml nystatin and only 6 yeasts were resistant to more than 3.1 g/ml amphotericin B. The oral cavity appeared to act as a significant reservoir from which yeasts spread to cause or contribute to the deaths of 2 of 5 patients who died during the study. 相似文献
11.
Design and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive microcapsules of glipizide for oral controlled release: A technical note 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Conclussion Thus, large spherical microcapsules with a coat consisting of alginate and a mucoadhesive polymer (sodium CMC, methylcellulose,
Carbopol, or HPMC) could be prepared by an orifice-ionic gelation process. The microcapsules exhibited good mucoadhesive properties
in an in vitro test. Glipizide release from these mucoadhesive microcapsules was slow and extended over longer periods of
time and depended on composition of the coat. Drug release was diffusion controlled and followed zero-order kinetics after
a lag, period of 1 hour. In the in vivo evaluation, alginate-Carbopol microcapsules could sustain the hypoglycemic effect
of glipizide over a 14-hour period. These mucoadhesive microcapsules are, thus, suitable for oral controlled release of glipizide. 相似文献
12.
The presence of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) gives a solid surface for attachment and an ideal niche for biofilm to form and flourish. Pelvic actinomycosis is often associated with the use of IUDs. Treatment of IUD-associated pelvic actinomycosis requires the immediate removal of the IUD. Therefore, this article presents in vitro evidence to support the use of novel antibiotics in the treatment of actinomycete biofilms. Twenty one clinical actinomycetes isolates from endocervical swabs of IUD wearers were assessed for their biofilm forming ability. An in vitro biofilm model with three isolates, Streptomyces strain A4, Nocardia strain C15 and Nocardia strain C17 was subjected to treatment with nystatin. Inhibition of biofilm formation by nystatin was found to be concentration dependent, with MBIC50 values in the range 0.08–0.16 mg ml?1. Furthermore, at a concentration of 0.16 mg ml?1, nystatin inhibited the twitching motility of the isolates, providing evidence for a possible mechanism of biofilm inhibition. 相似文献
13.
14.
The purpose of the present investigation was to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of rofecoxib by the preparation
of its solid dispersion with polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) using solvent evaporation method. Drug-polymer interactions
were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR). For the preparation of rofecoxib mouth dissolve tablets, its 1∶9 solid dispersion with PVP K30 was used with various
disintegrants and sublimable materials. In an attempt to construct a statistical model for the prediction of disintegration
time and percentage friability, a 32 randomized full and reduced factorial design was used to optimize the influence of the amounts of superdisintegrant and subliming
agent. The obtained results showed that dispersion of the drug in the polymer considerably enhanced the dissolution rate.
The drug-to-carrier ratio was the controlling factor for dissolution improvement. FTIR spectra revealed no chemical incompatibility
between the drug and PVP K30. As indicated from XRD and DSC data, rofecoxib was in the amorphous form, which explains the
better dissolution rate of the drug from its solid dispersions. Concerning the optimization study, the multiple regression
analysis revealed that an optimum concentration of camphor and a higher percentage of crospovidone are required for obtaining
rapidly disintegrating tablets. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrated the potential of experimental design in understanding
the effect of the formulation variables on the quality of mouth dissolve tablets containing solid dispersion of a hydrophobic
drug. 相似文献
15.
Gasparoto TH Sipert CR de Oliveira CE Porto VC Santos CF Campanelli AP Lara VS 《Gerodontology》2012,29(2):e331-e339
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00476.x Salivary immunity in elderly individuals presented with Candida‐related denture stomatitis Objectives: Elderly individuals with Candida‐related denture stomatitis (DS) present with a reduced defence against Candida albicans. This study evaluated levels of antimicrobial mediators in the elderly DS saliva and salivary neutrophils’ activation characteristics compared with elderly and young without DS. Methods: Salivary peroxidases (SPO) and elastase activities (ELA), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), IL‐6 and CCL3 production were determined in saliva from elderly with or without DS, and young control individuals. TLR4, CXCR1, CD11b, CD16 and CD32 expression on salivary neutrophils were evaluated. Correlations between number and apoptosis rate of salivary neutrophils, enzymatic activities and cytokine levels were determined. Results: Elderly DS individuals exhibited the lowest SPO and ELA activities. Also, the activity of both enzymes was low in elderly without DS. Although both elderly groups showed higher salivary NO and TGF‐β levels compared to young control groups, elderly DS presented the highest salivary NO, TGF‐β, IL‐6 and CCL3 levels. Decreased percentages of salivary TLR4+ and CD16+ neutrophils were detected in both elderly groups. Although these damages could influence the establishment and persistence of DS, the highest levels of salivary IL‐6 and CCL3 in elderly DS could be preventing more serious complications. 相似文献
16.
Haim Garty 《The Journal of membrane biology》1984,77(3):213-222
Summary Exposure of the mucosal side of toad(Bufo bufo) urinary bladder and frog(Rana ridibunda) skin to the polyene ionophore nystatin, resulted in stable preparations in which the apical resistance was negligible compared to the basolateral resistance. The preparations support passive K currents in both directions and an amiloride-insensitive Na current in the apicalserosal direction which is blocked by ouabain. The nystatintreated toad bladder was used to study the electrical properties of the basolateral membrane by means of current-voltage curves recorded transepithelially. The K current showed strong rectification at cellular potentials negative with respect to the interstitial space. The ouabain-sensitive current increased with membrane voltage at negative voltages but saturated above+20 mV. 相似文献
17.
Micromatricial metronidazole benzoate film as a local mucoadhesive delivery system for treatment of periodontal diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main objective of this study was to develop a local, oral mucoadhesive metronidazole benzoate (MET) delivery system that
can be applied and removed by the patient for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Mucoadhesive micromatricial chitosan/poly(ε-caprolactone)
(CH/PCL) films and chitosan films were prepared. thermal behavior, morphology, and particle size measurements were used to
evaluate the prepared films. The effect of different molar masses of CH and different ratios of medium Mwt molar mass chitosan
(MCH):PCL on water absorption, in vitro bioadhesion, mechanical properties, and in vitro drug release was examined. In vivo
performance of the selected formulation was also evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry examination revealed that MET
existed mainly in amorphous form. Under microscopic examination, PCL microparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the films.
The use of different molar masses of CH and different ratios of (MCH):PCL affected the size of the entrapped particles. Addition
of PCL significantly decreased percentage water uptake and bioadhesion force compared with pure CH film. With regard to mechanical
properties, the 2-layered film containing 1∶0.625 MCH:PCL had the best tensile properties. At fixed CH:PCL ratio (1∶1.25),
the slowest drug release was obtained from films containing high molar mass CH. On the other hand, the 2-layered film that
consisted of 1∶0.625 MCH:PCL had the slowest MET release. In vivo evaluation of the selected film revealed that metronidazole
concentration in saliva over 6 hours ranged from 5 to 15 μg/mL, which was within and higher than the reported range of minimum
inhibitory concentration for metronidazole. A significant in vitro/in vivo correlation under the adopted experimental conditions
was obtained.
Published: September 14, 2007 相似文献
18.
Subhayan Das Koushik Bhattacharya Jonny J. Blaker Nikhil K. Singha Mahitosh Mandal 《Biopolymers》2023,114(9):e23556
In recent times mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are gaining popularity in oral cancer. It is a malignancy with high global prevalence. Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutics, improving the prognosis of late-stage oral cancer remains challenging. Targeted therapy using mucoadhesive polymers can improve oral cancer patients' overall outcome by offering enhanced oral mucosa bioavailability, better drug distribution and tissue targeting, and minimizing systemic side effects. Mucoadhesive polymers can also be delivered via different formulations such as tablets, films, patches, gels, and nanoparticles. These polymers can deliver an array of medicines, making them an adaptable drug delivery approach. Drug delivery techniques based on these mucoadhesive polymers are gaining traction and have immense potential as a prospective treatment for late-stage oral cancer. This review examines leading research in mucoadhesive polymers and discusses their potential applications in treating oral cancer. 相似文献
19.
20.
Toshitaka Ikchara Hisao Yamaguchi Keiko Hosokawa Takeo Yonezu Hiroshi Miyamoto 《The Journal of membrane biology》1986,90(3):231-240
Summary Nystatin (50 g/ml) had strong influence on the intracellular contents and membrane transports of monovalent ions and water in HeLa cells. The nystatin-induced changes in the intracellular ion content and cell volume were inhibited by sucrose, and Donnan and osmotic equilibria were attained. Using cells under conditions for these equilibria, the concentrations of intracellular impermeant solutes, their mean valence, the differences of their intra- and extracellular osmotic concentrations, and the circumferential tension of the cell membrane were determined. Stimulation by nystatin of the influx of one cation species, e.g. Rb, was inhibited by another cation species, e.g. Na. The stimulatory effect of nystatin on cation fluxes was reversible within 1 hr after ionophore addition, and after 1-hr treatment the intracellular contents of Na and K became proportional to their extracellular concentrations, provided that the sum of these concentrations was constant (300mm). Similar proportionality was also observed in the presence of choline, provided that the choline concentration was less than those of the alkali cations. The implications of these results in relation to the osmotic properties of cultured cells, and the experimental regulation of alkali cations in the cells, are discussed. 相似文献