微藻细胞的连续气浮法采收

以螺旋藻为模型藻,较为详细地研究了藻细胞的絮凝行为以及回流比、藻液浓度、溶气时间和溶气压力因素等对藻细胞连续气浮采收效率的影响。结果表明,调节pH值为11—12可使藻液产生良好的絮凝性能;增大回流比、提高溶气压力、延长溶气时间和接触停留时间,可有效地提高气浮采收效率;藻液浓度较低时,气浮采收效率较高。所提出的连续气浮采收动力学模型可较好地拟合实验结果。     

表面活性剂对出芽短梗霉多糖生产影响的研究

研究了表面活性剂对出芽短梗霉细胞培养过程中多糖释放的影响。在摇瓶中,比较添加0.05%(w/v)的Tween 80、Tween 60、Tween 40,结果显示几种表面活性剂均能促进细胞释放多糖,其中以Tween 80的效果最佳。在5L发酵罐中,以100g/L玉米粉水解液做碳源的出芽短梗霉细胞培养液中分别添加了表面活性剂Tween 80 0.01%、0.05%、0.1%,其中以添加Tween 800.05%时的效果最好,与不添加表面活性剂相比多糖产量提高25%左右,发酵周期缩短了将近2d。     

表面活性剂对嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌产高温蛋白酶的影响

研究了表面活性剂对嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillusstearothermophilus)WF146产胞外高温蛋白酶的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂Tween80在0.05%～0.1%(体积比)浓度范围内对WF146产酶有一定的促进作用。在培养基中添加0.1%Tween80可使发酵液酶活提高12.7%,Tween20和TritonX100则抑制嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌WF146产酶。另外,TritonX100抑制嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌WF146生长,而Tween80和Tween20不抑制其生长。     

表面活性剂对Bacillus sp. ATCC 21616合成腺苷的影响

研究了三种不同的表面活性剂对芽孢杆菌ATCC21616的腺苷合成和菌体生长的影响.结果发现,非离子表面活性剂Tween 80对腺苷合成的促进作用最大,而阳离子表面活性剂CTAB对菌体抑制作用明显.添加低浓度阴离子表面活性剂SDS也能够促进腺苷产生.表面活性剂的最佳添加时间是发酵后期.     

添加氧载体及表面活性剂对番茄红素发酵的影响*

通过添加氧载体(正十二烷、正己烷、过氧化氢),有效改善发酵体系中的氧传递速率,从而促进了三孢布拉氏霉菌合成番茄红素的能力。实验结果表明,在第0d加入1.0%的正己烷、正十二烷时番茄红素的生成量分别提高了25.32%、72.84%,在第1d,添加50μL/100mL过氧化氢时番茄红素的生成量提高了40.35%,在加入正十二烷的同时,再加入表面活性剂Triton-x100,Tween20,Tween80,Span-20等,可使番茄红素的产量最多提高114.83%。     

表面活性剂对绿色木霉产纤维素酶影响

利用绿色木霉,以稻草为唯一碳源,采用液态发酵的方法,分别加入生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和化学表面活性剂Tween 80,重点研究了生物表面活性剂对绿色木霉产纤维素酶的影响。实验分析了加入不同浓度的表面活性剂时滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及酶液的表面张力随时间的变化情况。结果表明,添加鼠李糖脂能够促进绿色木霉产酶,分别使滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、微晶纤维素酶活最大提高了1.08倍,1.6倍和1.03倍。与Tween 80相比,鼠李糖脂促进产酶的效果明显优于Tween 80。     

添加氧载体及表面活性剂对番茄红素发酵的影响

通过添加氧载体（正十二烷、正己烷、过氧化氰）,有效改善发酵体系中的氧传递速率,从而促进了三孢布拉氏霉菌合成番茄红素的能力。实验结果表明,在第0d加入1．0％的正已烷、正十二烷时番茄红素的生成量分别提高了25．32％、72．84％,在第1d,添加50μL/100mL过氧化氢时番茄红素的生成量提高了40．35％,在加入正十二烷的同时,再加入表面活性剂Trilorl—x100,Tween20,Tween80,Span-20等,可使番茄红素的产量最多提高114．83％．     

表面活性剂对分枝杆菌KR2菌株降解菲的影响

采用同位素示踪方法,从表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和直链长度三方面研究了表面活性剂对分枝杆菌KR2菌株降解菲的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂的存在不能促进KR2菌对菲的降解;高浓度表面活性剂(≥20mg·L^-1)的存在,使菲的降解出现延迟期,非离子表面活性剂Tween80在低浓度时(≤10mg·L^-1)可以优先作为营养基质被分枝杆菌KR2菌株利用,表面活性剂的离子类型对菲降解的抑制作用的顺序为阳离子表面活性剂TDTMA>阴离子表面活性剂LAS>非离子表面活性剂Tween80,表面活性剂的直链长度对菲降解的影响为直链越短,对微生物的毒性越大,菲降解得越不完全。     

生物膜组分对膜功能和膜脂相变的调控——Ⅰ.吐温表面活性剂对玉米根端线粒体ATP酶活力的影响

膜脂流动性和膜结合酶的关系极为密切,同时膜脂组分也明显地制约着膜的流动性。本试验选用了三种不同脂肪酸碳链的吐温表面活性剂(Tween 20,Tween40,Tween 80)作为线粒体的添加物,观察对玉米根端线粒体ATP 酶活力的调节作用。结果看到玉米根端线粒体ATP酶在8～32℃范围内活化能在15.5℃处出现了一个折点。添加吐温20、40、80后在8～32℃范围内都出现了二个活化能的折点,分别为26.5℃和12.3℃;25.4℃和15.3℃;22.8℃和12.8℃。清洗吐温后ATP 酶活化能的转折点温度与添加吐温时没有明显差异,表明吐温的脂肪酸链可能与线粒体膜相结合,因而改变了线粒体ATP 酶的活化能的折点温度。     

生物膜组分对膜功能和膜脂相变的调控 Ⅰ.吐温表面活性剂对玉米根端线粒体ATP酶活力的影响

膜脂流动性和膜结合酶的关系极为密切,同时膜脂组分也明显地制约着膜的流动性。本试验选用了三种不同脂肪酸碳链的吐温表面活性剂(Tween 20,Tween40,Tween 80)作为线粒体的添加物,观察对玉米根端线粒体ATP酶活力的调节作用。结果看到玉米根端线粒体ATP酶在8～32℃范围内活化能在15.5℃处出现了一个折点。添加吐温20、40、80后在8～32℃范围内都出现了二个活化能的折点,分别为26.5℃和12.3℃;25.4℃和15.3℃;22.8℃和12.8℃。清洗吐温后ATP酶活化能的转折点温度与添加吐温时没有明显差异,表明吐温的脂肪酸链可能与线粒体膜相结合,因而改变了线粒体ATP酶的活化能的折点温度。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.