Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Deinococcus sahariens</Emphasis> sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from a Saharan hot spring

An ultraviolet-radiation-resistant, Gram-positive, orange-pigmented, thermophilic and strictly aerobic cocci was isolated from Saharan water hot spring in Tunisia. The newly isolated bacterium, designated HAN-23^T, was identified based on polyphasic taxonomy including genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed this strain within Deinococcus genus. However, strain HAN-23^T is different from recognized species of the genus Deinococcus, showing less than 94.0% similarity values to its closest relatives. The predominant cellular fatty acids determined by gas chromatography were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and iso C_17:1 ω9c. The major respiratory quinone was MK-8. The DNA G + C content was 66.9 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization measurements revealed low DNA relatedness (6%) between the novel isolate and its closest neighbor, the type strain Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain HAN-23^T represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus sahariens sp. nov. is proposed, the type strain being HAN-23^T (=DSM 18496^T; LMG 23756^T).     

Paralcaligenes ureilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from soil of a Korean ginseng field

A bacterial strain, designated GR24-5^T, was isolated from soil cultivated with Korean ginseng. Cells were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming motile rods. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain GR24-5^T could be assigned to the family Alcaligenaceae. Strain GR24-5^T showed the highest sequence similarities with Parapusillimonas granuli Ch07^T (97.1%), Pusillimonas noertemannii BN9^T (96.9%), Pigmentiphaga kullae DSM 13608^T (96.5%), and Castellaniella defragrans 54Pin^T (96.3%). Strain GR24-5^T demonstrated a low DNA-DNA relatedness (23%) with P. granuli Ch07^T. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) and the major fatty acids are C_16:0, C_17:0 cyclo, and summed feature 1 (C_14:0 3-OH/iso-C_16:1 I/C_12:0 aide). Putrescine, spermidine, and 2-hydroxyputrescine are the major polyamines. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, di-phosphatidylglycerol, and an unknown aminophospholipid. Polar lipid patterns of strain GR24-5^T were unique in having a large amount of phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. Based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain GR245^T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Paralcaligenes ureilyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of P. aralcaligenes ureilyticus is GR24-5^T (=KACC 13888 =DSM 24591^T).     

Thermovorax subterraneus, gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic hydrogen-producing bacterium isolated from geothermally active underground mine

A thermophilic, rod-shaped, motile, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium strain 70B^T was isolated from a geothermally active underground mine in Japan. The temperature and pH range for growth was 50–81°C (optimum 71°C) and 6.2–9.8 (optimum pH 7–7.5), respectively. Growth occurred in the presence 0–2% NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). Strain 70B^T could utilize glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, pyruvate, cellobiose and tryptone as substrates. Thiosulfate was used as electron acceptor. Major whole-cell fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, C_16:0 DMA (dimethyl acetal), C_16:0 and anteiso-C_15:0. The G+C mol% of the DNA was 44.2%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the closest relatives of strain 70B^T were Thermosediminibacter oceani DSM 16646^T (94% similarity) and Thermosediminibacter litoriperuensis DSM 16647 (93% similarity). The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain 70B^T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thermovorax subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Thermovorax subterraneus is 70B^T (=DSM 21563 = JCM 15541).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocardioides dilutes</Emphasis> sp. nov. Isolated from Soil in Bigeum Island,Korea

A short coccoid-rod-shaped, nonmotile actinobacteria strain MSL-11^T was isolated from soil in Bigeum Island, Korea. A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of this strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MSL-11^T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation of the genus Nocardioides. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain MSL-11^T contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, indicating wall chemotype I. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H₄). Strain MSL-11^T had a cellular fatty acid profile containing straight-chain, branched, unsaturated, and 10-methyl fatty acids, with iso-C_16:0 as a major fatty acid component detected. The DNA G + C content of the strain was 71.8 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the strains constituted a distinct subclade within the genus Nocardioides, displaying a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of about 95.68% with Nocardioides jensenii DSM 20641^T. On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, the strain is separated from previously described Nocardioides species and should be assigned to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides dilutes sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain MSL-11^T (= KCTC 19288^T = DSM 19318^T).     

Paenibacillus taohuashanense sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from rhizosphere soil of the root of Caragana kansuensis Pojark

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain gs65^T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of Caragana kansuensis Pojark. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the nifH gene and the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain gs65^T is a member of the genus Paenibacillus. High levels of 16S rRNA gene similarity were found between strain gs65^T and Paenibacillus borealis DSM 13188^T (97.5 %), Paenibacillus odorifer ATCC BAA-93^T (97.3 %), Paenibacillus durus DSM 1735^T (97.0 %) and Paenibacillus sophorae DSM23020^T (96.9 %). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain gs65^T and the type strains of other recognized members of the genus Paenibacillus were below 97.0 %. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain gs65^T and P. borealis DSM 13188^T, P. odorifer ATCC BAA-93^T (97.3 %), P. durus DSM 1735^T and P. sophorae DSM23020^T were 35.9, 38.0, 34.2 and 35.5 % respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain gs65^T was determined to be 51.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C_14:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and levels of DNA–DNA hybridization, strain gs65^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus taohuashanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is gs65^T (=CGMCC 1.12175^T = DSM 25809^T).     

Micromonospora haikouensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil

An actinomycete strain 232617^T was isolated from a composite mangrove sediment sample collected in Haikou, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 232617^T indicated the highest similarity with Micromonospora siamensis TT2-4^T (99.05%), Micromonospora krabiensis A-2^T (98.99%) and Micromonospora carbonacea DSM 43815^T (98.91%). The gyrB gene sequence analysis also indicated that 232617^T should be assigned to the genus Micromonospora. The cell wall contains meso-DAP and glycine. The major menaquinones were MK-10(H₄) and MK-10(H₆), with MK-9(H₄) as minor components. The characteristic whole-cell sugars are xylose, arabinose and glucose. The phospholipid profile comprises phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidlglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The DNA G+C content is 71.5 mol%. Furthermore, a combination of DNA–DNA relatedness and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that the novel strain could be readily distinguished from the closest related species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 232617^T represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora haikouensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 232617^T (= CCTCC AA 201112 ^T = DSM 45626 ^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus rhizosphaerae</Emphasis> sp. nov., an novel diazotrophic bacterium isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere soil

A Gram-positive, non-pigmented, rod-shaped, diazotrophic bacterial strain, designated SC-N012^T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of sugarcane and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain exhibited phenotypic properties that included chemotaxonomic characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Bacillus. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of SC-N012^T revealed the closest match (98.9% pair wise similarity) with Bacillus clausii DSM 8716^T. However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated low levels of genomic relatedness (32%) with this strain. The major components of the fatty acid profile are iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 43.0 mol%. The lipids present in strain SC-N012^T are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids. Their predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Studies of DNA-DNA relatedness, morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses and phylogenetic data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed strain SC-N012^T to be described as members of novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC-N012^T (=DSM 21911^T = NCCB 100267^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter brisouii</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a wetland in Korea

A bacterial strain 5YN5-8^T was isolated from peat layer on Yongneup in Korea. Cells of strain 5YN5-8^T were strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, coccobacilli, non-spore forming, and non-motile. The isolate exhibited optimal growth at 28°C, pH 7.0, and 0–1% NaCl. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated a close relationship of this isolate to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (97.8% similarity for strain DSM 30006^T). It also exhibited 94.4–97.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the validly published Acinetobacter species. The value for DNA-DNA hybridization between strain 5YN5-8^T and other members of the genus Acinetobacter ranged from 16 to 28%. Predominant cellular fatty acids were C_18:1 ω9c, summed feature 4 containing C_15:0 iso 2-OH and/or C_16:1 ω7c, and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content was 43.9 mol%. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data accumulated in this study revealed that the isolate could be classified in a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter. The name Acinetobacter brisouii sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species, with 5YN5-8^T (=KACC 11602^T = DSM 18516^T) as the type strain.     

Microbacterium suwonense sp. nov., isolated from cow dung

An actinomycete strain, designated M1T8B9^T, was isolated from cow dung in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The isolate was a Gram-positive, nonmotile, and non-spore-forming bacterium. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that this isolate belongs to the genus Microbacterium, with its closest neighbors being Microbacterium soli DCY17^T (98.2%) and Microbacterium esteraromaticum DSM 8609^T (98.0%). The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and one unknown glycolipid. Strain M1T8B9^T contained the major fatty acids C_15:0 anteiso, C_16:0 iso, C _17:0 anteiso, and C_15:0 iso, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was of type B2β. According to DNA-DNA hybridization studies, strain M1T8B9^T showed 42% and 26% relatedness with M. soli DCY17^T and M. esteraromaticum DSM 8609^T, respectively. On the basis of the data presented, strain M1T8B9^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium suwonense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M1T8B9^T (=KACC 14058^T =NBRC 106310^T).     

Kibdelosporangium phytohabitans sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L. containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1111^T, was isolated from the root of the oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L. collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. Strain KLBMP 1111^T formed a distinct branch in the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree together with the type strains in the genus Kibdelosporangium, with the highest similarity to Kibdelosporangium aridum subsp. aridum DSM 43828^T (98.8%), K. aridum subsp. largum DSM 44150^T (98.1%) and Kibdelosporangium philippinense DSM 44226^T (98.1%). The organism produced sporangium-like structures, the typical morphological characteristic of the genus Kibdelosporangium. The chemotaxonomic properties of this strain were also consistent with those of the genus Kibdelosporangium: the peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid; the predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H₄); phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown phospholipid; iso-C_16:0, C_16:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_15:0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids and the G+C content was 67.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain KLBMP 1111^T and the three Kibdelosporangium species were less than 50%. This strain had the ability to produce a siderophore, utilized 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) as sole source of nitrogen and possessed ACC deaminase enzyme. Based on genotypic and phenotypic data, strain KLBMP 1111^T represents a novel species in the genus Kibdelosporangium. We propose the name Kibdelosporangium phytohabitans sp. nov. for this species. The type strain is the strain KLBMP 1111^T (=KCTC 19775^T = CCTCC AA 2010001^T).     

Paenibacillus sinensis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from plant rhizospheres

Two strains HN-1^T and 39 were isolated from rhizospheres of different plants grown in different regions of PR China. The two strains exhibited high nitrogenase activities and possessed almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 99.9 and 99.8%, respectively, suggesting that they belong to one species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains HN-1^T and 39 are the members of the genus Paenibacillus and both strains exhibited 99.5% similarity to Paenibacillus stellifer DSM 14472^T and the both strains represented a separate lineage from all other Paenibacillus species. However, the ANI of type strain HN-1^T with P. stellifer DSM 14472^T was 90.69, which was below the recommended threshold value (<?95–96% ANI). The dDDH showed 42.1% relatedness between strain HN-1^T and P. stellifer DSM 14472^T, which was lower than the recommended threshold value (dDDH?<?70%). The strain HN-1^T contain anteiso-C_15:0 as major fatty acids and MK-7 as predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four aminophospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. Unlike the most closely related P. stellifer DSM 14472^T, strain HN-1^T or 39 was positive for catalase reaction. Distinct phenotypic and genomic characterisations from previously described taxa support the classification of strains HN-1^T or 39 as representatives of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinensis is proposed, with type strains HN-1^T (=CGMCC 1.18902, JCM 34,620), and reference strain 39 (=CGMCC 1.18879, JCM 34,616), respectively.

     

Pseudonocardia yuanmoensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from soil in Yunnan, south-west China

A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, spore-forming actinobacterium, designated YIM 75926^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected at soil forest in Yuanmo county of Yunnan province, south-west China. Its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strain YIM 75926^T belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia and was closely related to Pseudonocardia halophobica DSM 43089^T (98.1% similarity). Strain YIM 75926^T had MK-8 (H₄) as the predominant menaquinone. The whole organism hydrolysates mainly consisted of meso-diaminopimelic acid, mannose, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_16:0 (37.16%) and C_16:0 (12.43%). The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 75926^T was 70.6 mol%. The resultant phylogenetic trees further showed that strain YIM 75926^T belong to Pseudonocardia and had a distinct subclade within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Pseudonocardia. On the basis of its comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain YIM 75926^T represent a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, named Pseudonocardia yuanmoensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 75926^T (=CCTCC AA 2011017^T = JCM 18055^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocardioides islandiensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from soil in Bigeum Island Korea

A novel actinobacterium designated as MSL-26^T was isolated from soil in Bigeum Island Korea. A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of isolate MSL-26^T. Strain MSL-26^T was found to have chemical and morphological characteristics similar to Nocardioides. The strain grew optimally at pH 7·5 and 28°C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MSL-26^T forms a distinct line of descent within the radiation enclosed by the genus Nocardioides. The cell wall of strain MSL-26^T contained LL-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid. The principal menaquinone was MK-8 (H₄). The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and some unidentified lipids. C_18:1 w7c (50.38%) was the major fatty acid. The DNA G + C content of strain MSL-26^T was 71.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MSL-26^T shares the highest sequence similarity with Nocardioides kribbensis KCTC 19038^T (95.78%) and Nocardioides aquaticus DSM 11439^T (95.52%). Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomical data presented in this study, strain MSL-26^T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides islandiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSL-26^T (=KCTC 19275^T =DSM 19321^T)     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas extremaustralis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Producer Isolated from an Antarctic Environment

A Gram-negative, mobile, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain 14-3^T) was isolated from a temporary pond in Antarctica. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 14-3^T was shown to belong to the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto. Physiological and biochemical tests supported the phylogenetic affiliation. Strain 14-3^T is closely related to Pseudomonas veronii DSM 11331^T, sharing 99.7% sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between the two strains showed only moderate reassociation similarity (35.1%). Tests for arginine dihydrolase and nitrate reduction were positive, while those for denitrification, indol production, glucose acidification, urease, ß-galactosidase, esculin, caseine and gelatin hydrolysis were negative. Growth of this bacterium occurred in a range from 4 to 37°C but not at 42°C. It accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) when grown on sodium octanoate medium. Strain 14-3^T therefore represents the type strain of a new species, for which the name Pseudomonas extremaustralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain 14-3^T has been deposited as DSM 17835^T and as CIP 109839^T.     

Taxonomic description and draft genome of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas sediminis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from the rhizospheric sediment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites karka</Emphasis>

The taxonomic position of a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated PI11^T, isolated from the rhizospheric sediment of Phragmites karka was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain PI11^T could grow optimally at 1.0% NaCl concentration with pH 7.0 at 30°C and was positive for oxidase and catalase but negative for hydrolysis of starch, casein, and esculin ferric citrate. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain PI11^T belonged to the genus Pseudomonas sharing the highest sequence similarities with Pseudomonas indoloxydans JCM 14246^T (99.72%), followed by, Pseudomonas oleovorans subsp. oleovorans DSM 1045^T (99.29%), Pseudomonas toyotomiensis JCM 15604^T (99.15%), Pseudomonas chengduensis DSM 26382^T (99.08%), Pseudomonas oleovorans subsp. lubricantis DSM 21016^T (99.08%), and Pseudomonas alcaliphila JCM 10630^T (99.01%). Experimental DNA-DNA relatedness between strain PI11^T and P. indoloxydans JCM 14246^T was 49.4%. The draft genome of strain PI11^T consisted of 4,884,839 bp. Average nucleotide identity between the genome of strain PI11^T and other closely related type strains ranged between 77.25–90.74%. The polar lipid pattern comprised of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine. The major (> 10%) cellular fatty acids were C_18:1ω6c/ω7c, C_16:1ω6c/ω7c, and C_16:0. The DNA G + C content of strain PI11^T was 62.4 mol%. Based on the results of polyphasic analysis, strain PI11^T was delineated from other closely related type strains. It is proposed that strain PI11^T represents represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PI11^T (= KCTC 42576^T = DSMZ 100245^T).     

Paenibacillus frigoriresistens sp. nov., a novel psychrotroph isolated from a peat bog in Heilongjiang, Northern China

A novel cold-resistant bacterium, designated YIM 016^T, was isolated from a peat bog sample collected from Mohe County, Heilongjiang Province, Northern China and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. The strain was Gram-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence clearly revealed that strain YIM 016^T is a member of the genus Paenibacillus. The strain is closely related to Paenibacillus alginolyticus DSM 5050^T, Paenibacillus chondroitinus DSM 5051^T and Paenibacillus pocheonensis Gsoil 1138^T with similarities of 99.0 %, 97.0 % and 96.3 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the low DNA–DNA relatedness levels between strain YIM 016^T and its closely related phylogenetic neighbours demonstrated that this isolate represents a new genomic species in the genus Paenibacillus. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests showed that growth of strain YIM 016^T occurred at 4–37 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 and with a NaCl tolerance up to 0.5 % (w/v). The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine and glutamic acid. The whole-cell hydrolysates mainly contained glucose, galactose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 016^T was 51.7 mol %. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YIM 016^T could be clearly distinguished from other species of the genus Paenibacillus. It is therefore concluded that strain YIM 016^T represents a novel species in the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus frigoriresistens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 016^T (= CCTCC AB 2011150^T = JCM 18141^T).     

Exiguobacterium himgiriensis sp. nov. a novel member of the genus Exiguobacterium, isolated from the Indian Himalayas

The taxonomic position of an orange coloured bacterium, strain K22–26^T isolated from a soil sample was studied using a polyphasic approach. The organism had phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with its allocation into the genus Exiguobacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain K22–26^T belongs to the genus Exiguobacterium and was related to Exiguobacterium aurantiacum DSM 6208^T (99.0 %) Exiguobacterium mexicanum DSM 16483^T (98.6 %), Exiguobacterium aquaticum (98.6 %), Exiguobacterium aestuarii DSM 16306^T (98.1 %), Exiguobacterium profundum DSM 17289^T (98.1 %) and Exiguobacterium marinum DSM 16483^T (97.9 %), whereas sequence similarity values with respect to other Exiguobacterium species with validly published names were between 92.5–94.0 %. The major polar lipids detected were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major menaquinone was determined to be MK-7 (83 %) whereas MK-8 (11 %) and MK-6 (6 %) occur in smaller amounts. The peptidoglycan of the strain was found to contain l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major fatty acids detected were iso C_13:0 (11.2 %), anteiso C_13:0 (15.4 %), iso C_15:0 (13.2 %) and iso C_17:0 (16.1 %). However, analysis of the DNA–DNA relatedness confirmed that strain K22–26^T belongs to a novel species. The G + C content of the strain K22–26^T was determined to be 50.1 mol %. The novel strain was distinguished from closely related type species of the genus Exiguobacterium using DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data. Based on these differences, the strain K22–26^T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium, for which the name Exiguobacterium himgiriensis sp. nov. strain K22–26^T (= MTCC 7628^T = JCM 14260^T) is proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces shenzhenensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment

An actinomycete strain, which was designated 172115^T, was isolated from mangrove soil in Shenzhen, China. Strain 172115^T fell within the genus Streptomyces in the 16S rRNA gene tree and could be grouped into this genus based on its chemotaxonomic and morphological data. The strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Streptomyces lanatus NBRC 12787^T (AB184845) (98.29%) and Streptomyces lucensis NBRC 13056^T (AB184280) (98.26%). The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 172115^T and the two most closely related type strains were low enough to justify the assignment of the strain to a novel species. On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 172115^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which, the name Streptomyces shenzhenensis sp. nov. is proposed for strain 172115^T (=CCTCC AA 2011001^T=DSM 42034^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Virgibacillus xinjiangensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a Salt Lake of Xin-jiang Province in China

A strictly aerobic Gram-positive, moderately halophilic spore forming bacterium, designated strain SL6-1^T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xin-jiang province, China. Growth of strain SL6-1^T was observed at NaCl concentrations of 0∼20% (w/v) (the optimum being 5∼7%, w/v). The peptidoglycan type of strain SL6-1^T was Alγ-meso-diaminopimelic acid and its major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_14:0 and iso-C_16:0 and ante-iso-C_15:0. The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.5 mol%. The major cellular phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SL6-1^T formed a phylogenetic lineage within the genus Virgibacillus. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain was most closely related to Virgibacillus olivae E₃₀8^T, Virgibacillus kekensis YIM kkny16^T, Virgibacillus marismortui DSM 12325^T with 97.1%, 97.1%, and 97.0% gene sequence similarities, respectively and the sequence similarities to other related taxa were less than 96.7%. The DNA relatedness values between strain SL6-1^T and V. olivae E₃₀8^T, V. kekensis YIM kkny16^T, V. marismortui DSM 12325^T were 16.7%, 51.0%, and 22.8%, respectively. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic properties, strain SL6-1^T represents a novel species, for which the name Virgibacillus xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SL6-1^T (=KCTC 13128^T =DSM 19031^T).     

Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring sediment

A Streptomyces-like actinomycete strain, designated as YIM 78087^T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Hehua hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of strain YIM 78087^T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 78087^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces fimbriatus DSM 40942^T, Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968^T and Streptomyces qinglanensis DSM 42035^T (97.18, 97.05 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively). Combined with the low values of DNA–DNA hybridization between strain YIM 78087^T and its closest neighbours, these analyses indicated that this new isolate represents a different genomic species in the genus Streptomyces. The predominant menaquinones of strain YIM 78087^T were identified as MK-9 (H₄) and MK-9 (H₆). The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0 (28.4 %), anteiso-C_17:0 (23.0 %) and iso-C_16:0 (15.1 %). The whole-cell hydrolysates found to contain glucose, mannose and ribose. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 73.0 mol%. Based on the comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain YIM 78087^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78087^T (=BCRC 16955^T=DSM 42108^T=JCM 19629^T).