新疆棘豆属棘豆组的修订

通过对大量标本和文献的研究,并结合野外居群的观察分析,澄清了《中国植物志》棘豆组中存在的分类学问题,对新疆棘豆属棘豆组植物的分类进行修订,确认产于新疆的棘豆属棘豆组植物8种、1变型,并重新编制了新疆棘豆属棘豆组的分种检索表,以及各种的分类学处理及地理分布.研究结果表明:少花棘豆归并在宽瓣棘豆中,其中少花棘豆为新异名;冰河棘豆应改为球花棘豆;冰川棘豆的学名更正为Oxytropis proboscidea;将黑萼棘豆并入长茎棘豆组中.此外,棘豆组增加了3个类群:等瓣棘豆、伊朗棘豆和奇台棘豆,其中等瓣棘豆和伊朗棘豆为新疆新记录种,白花球花棘豆为新变型.     

TAXONOMICAL STUDIES ON ARGIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) OF CHINA— A NEW GENUS AND FIVE NEW SPECIES OF STERIC-TIPHORINAE*

Abstract A key is given for the known Palaearctic and Oriental genera of the family Argidae including a new genus from China. Ortasiceros gen. nov. with five new species, O. nigriceps sp. nov., O. zhengi sp. nov., O. breoicornis sp. nov., O. curvata sp. nov. and O. elevata sp. nov. are described and figured. A new tribe, Ortasicerini trib. nov., is erected for the new genus and Copidocerus Forsius 1921. The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South Forestry University, Zhuzhou, China.     

The millipede genus Orthomorpha Bollman, 1893 in Laos (Diplopoda,Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of new species

The genus Orthomorpha is currently represented in Laos by nine species, including three, O. paviei Brölemann, 1896, O. communis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2011 and O. cambodjana (Attems, 1953), which are new to the fauna of the country, and further three new to science: O. suberectoides sp. n., O. gladiata sp. n. and O. sutchariti sp. n.     

Asexual reproduction by leaf fragmentation in Mnium stellare Hedw.

Abstract

Orthotrichum incurvomarginatum, O. armatum and O. oreophilum all belonging to subgenus Phaneroporum section Leiocarpa are described from South Africa. O. incurvomarginatum replaces O. afro-fastigiatum sensu Lewinsky, whereas O. afrofastigiatum C. Müll is regarded as a dubious name. O. armatum is characterized by aristate leaves with recurved margins and emergent to shortly exserted capsules which are ribbed when dry. O. oreophilum has longly exserted smooth capsules with eight exostome teeth and eight endostome segments, both with a coarse ornamentation of papillae and vermicular ridges. O. firmum is reported new to South Africa, O. rupestre new to the kingdom of Lesotho.     

A revision of the genus Orthaea Dallas (Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae), with the description of two new species and a new genus: Neomyocoris,to accommodate O. arnaudi Brailovsky

We redefine the genus Orthaea Dallas and redescribe O. consuta and O. procincta. Two new species are described, O. meloae from Colombia and O. montana from Peru. A new genus, Neomyocoris, is created to accommodate O. arnaudi Brailovsky. A key to the species of Orthaea and illustrations of male genitalia of O. consuta, O. procincta, O. montana and N. arnaudi n. comb. are provided. Photographs of scanning microscope and habitus are given.     

New O and H antigens of the international antigenic scheme forPlesiomonas shigelloides

A revised update of the International antigenic scheme forPlesiomonas shigelloides is presented. Twenty-six new O (O77–O102) and 10 new H (H42–H50 and H1a1d) antigens have been described since 1994. The sources of antigens are mostly human clinical strains, isolates from warmblooded animals and a few environmental cultures.     

A review of palaearctic lynx-spiders of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oxyopes heterophthalmus</Emphasis> group (Aranei,Oxyopidae)

A new species group of the genus Oxyopes Latreille, 1804, including three species (O. heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804), O. nenilini sp. n., and O. takobius Andreeva et Tystshenko, 1969) is distinguished. The group is characterized by (1) complex lateral apophysis of the palpal tibia of males, (2) absence of modifications of the cymbium and palpal tibia, (3) large chitinized plate of the female epigyna, (4) long copulatory ducts of the female endogyna, involuted around the receptacle. The new species, O. nenilini, is described. The species O. heterophthalmus and O. takobius are redescribed. The new synonyms, O. foliiformis Song, 1991, syn. n. = O. yiliensis Hu et Wu 1989, syn. n. = O. takobius Andreeva et Tystshenko, 1969, are proposed.     

Serological Reactivity of Humans to a Vibrio cholerae Common Antigen

Over the course of seven pandemics, Vibrio cholerae serotypes have varied. In 1992 the appearance of a new serotype, O139 Bengal, began the eighth cholera pandemic. Several new O139 antigens have been identified, yet a common V. cholerae antigen has not been described. In this study, a monoclonal antibody specific against an 18.7-kDa outer membrane antigen reacted in dotblot analysis with 292 epidemiologically diverse V. cholerae isolates including O1, non-O1, and O139 serotypes. Serum collected from volunteers experimentally challenged with V. cholerae O139, and rabbit antisera to V. cholerae O1, were reactive with the 18.7-kDa antigen by Western immunoblot. This is the first report that the 18.7-kDa antigen is present in V. cholerae O139. Received: 11 August 1997 / Accepted: 22 September 1997     

A new skink species (Oligosoma taumakae sp. nov.; Reptilia: Scincidae) from the Open Bay Islands,New Zealand

Abstract

We describe a new skink species (Oligosoma taumakae sp. nov.) from the Open Bay Islands, New Zealand. This species is diagnosed on the basis of several morphological characteristics, and its specific status is supported by mitochondrial sequence data (ND2, ND4). The new species appears to be most closely related to O. acrinasum, O. infra‐punctatum, O. otagense and O. waimatense. The new taxon appears to be rare and endemic to the island of Taumaka in the Open Bay Islands (off the west coast of the South Island). Predation by a flightless rail (weka, Gallirallus australis), native to New Zealand but introduced to the Open Bay Islands, is a major conservation concern.     

Three new species of Ocotea (Lauraceae) from southern Mexico

Three new species ofOcotea (O. disjuncta, O. iridescens, andO. rovirosae) from southern Mexico are described and illustrated.Ocotea disjuncta is related to theO. effusa group, whileO. iridescens seems to be related to theO. heydeana group. The relationships ofO. rovirosae are not clear.      

New Devonian Palliocerida (Cephalopoda, Astrovioidea)

Eight new species of Ostreioceratidae are described from the Lower and Upper Devonian of Novaya Zemlya, Lower Devonian of the Pechora River basin, North Ural Mountains, and the Zeravshan Range: Ostreioceras admotum, O. simile, O. abruptum, O. sobolevi, Plagiostomoceras kuzmini, P. adumbratum, P.? acerbum, and P. vinogradovi. A new family Bogoslovskyidae is established in the order Palliocerida.     

Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Ophidascaris Baylis, 1920

The genus Ophidascaris is revised and divided into five groups of species. A key for the species groups is provided. Group 1 (‘filaria’ group) occurs in pythons and a key is provided for differentiating eight species based on fresh and preserved specimens and on developmental patterns. O. papillifera (Linstow, 1898) is redescribed from the type-specimens and is considered to be close or identical to O. niuginiensis, for which Candoia carinatus is recorded as a new host. A key for the differentiation of species in Groups 2 to 5 is based on preserved specimens only. Group 2 (‘obconica’ group) contains (i) O. obconica and O. trichuriformis [= caballeroi] in South American colubrids (further investigation will probably show that O. trichuriformis is a synonym of O. obconica); new host records are Xenodon severus, X. neuwiedii, X. colubrinus, Leptodeira annulata, Thamnodynastes pallidus, Leimadophis poecilogyrus and Boa constrictor; (ii) O. ashi n. sp. (new species name for ‘O. labiatopapillosa’) in North American colubrids, new host records are Nerodia valida, Heterodon nasicus and Storeria occipitomaculata; (iii) O. mombasica in African colubrids; new host records are Psammophis phillipsii and P. sibilans; (iv) O. solenopoion in Madagascan colubrids; (v) O. pyrrhus in Australian elapids; new host records are Cacophis squamulosus, Cryptophis nigrescens, Demansia atra, D. olivacea, Hemiaspis signata, Hoplocephalus bitorquatus, H. stephensi, H. bungaroides and Tropedechis carinatus, it is also recorded in Australia in the colubrid Styporhyncus mairii (new host record) and in Demansia papuensis papuensis and D. olivacea papuensis in Papua New Guinea; (vi) O. piscatori in Asian colubrids; (vii) O. excavata [? = schikhobalovi] in Agkistrodon spp. and possibly other aquatic snakes in Asia; new host record is Agkistrodon halys blomhoffi. Group 3 (‘radiosa’ group) in African viperids contains O. radiosa [ = intorta] in Bitis spp. Specimens from Atheris nitschei, Causus rhombeatus and the colubrid Boaedon lineatus were similar, but showed differences indicating possibility of other species in this group. Group 4 (‘najae’ group) in African elapids and Asian elapids and colubrids contains O. najae [ = daubaylisi]; new host records are Ophiophagus hannah, Boiga cyanea, Elaphe carinata. Group 5 (‘arndti’ group) in South American crotalids and colubrids contains O. arndti [ = travassosi and sprenti] in Crotalus spp. and Bothrops spp.; new host record is B. atrox in Panama. No morphological differentiation except size could be detected between O. arndti in crotalines and O. sicki in colubrids, but in view of difference in the feeding habits of their host, both species names were tentatively sustained; new host records for O. sicki are Xenodon neuwiedii, Leimadophis poecilogyrus, Pseudoboa cloelia, Philodryas patagoniensis and Micrurus frontalis; O. ochoteranai was regarded as a species inquirenda. The following species previously placed in Amplicaecum are placed in Ophidascaris; excavata Hsu & Hoeppli, 1931; schikhobalovi Mozgovoy, 1950; robertsi Sprent & Mines, 1960; longispiculum Oshmarin & Demshin, 1972; orientalis Wang, 1965. The position of Ophidascaris in relation to other ascaridoids is discussed: it is placed within the subfamily Ascaridinae sensu Sprent (1983) containing all other ascaridoids of terrestrial animals. It is concluded that Ophidascaris is in a relatively recent stage of evolution. The most likely centre of dispersal for the genus appears to have been Central Africa with spread in one direction to Asia and thence to the New World and in another direction to Madagascar and Australia.     

The plam-feeding planthopper genus Ommatissus (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae)

Abstract The tribe Trypetimorphini, the genus Ommatissus , and its two subgenera and eleven species are redescribed or described as new. Evidence for the monophyly of both the genus and of the tribe to which it belongs is examined; it is concluded that while the genus is monophyletic, the monophyly of the tribe is in doubt. Keys for the separation of the three genera of the tribe and for all of the known species of Ommatissus are presented. A new subgenus of Ommatissus is described: O.(Opatissus) , with the type-species O.vietnamicus . Four new species are described: Ommatissus magribus from Morocco, O.kamerunus from Cameroon, O.natalensis from South Africa and O.vietnamicus from Vietnam. The 'Dubas bug', Ommatissus lybicus Bergevin, formerly regarded as a variety of O.binotatus Fieber, is raised to full species status. Trichoduchus is synonymized with Trypetimorpha resulting in the new combinations Trypetimorpha biermani Dammerman, T.china Wu and T.japonicus Ishihara. Trichoduchus japonicus Fennah is synonymized with Trypetimorpha japonicus Ishihara.     

Operculate Discomycetes from Rana (Norway) 4. Octospora hygrohypnophila, Peziza prosthetica and Scutellinia mirabilis spp. nov.

Octospora hygrohypnophila, Peziza prosthetica , and Scutellinia mirabilis ssp. nov. are described from Rana, Norway. O. hygrohypnophila is compared with O. wrightii (Berk. & Curt.) Moravec, O. moravecii Khare and O. melina (Vel.) Dennis & It–zerott, the latter being new to Norway. P. prosthetica is compared with P. apiculata Cooke and P. thozetii Berk. The typification of O. wrightii is discussed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Orientosirenites</Emphasis>, a New Ammonoid Genus (Sirenitidae; Ammonoidea) from the Upper Carnian of the Boreal Realm

The ammonoid family Sirenitidae from the Upper Carnian yakutensis Zone of northern Middle Siberia and Northeastern Asia is revised. A new genus Orientosirenites gen. nov. with the type species O. bytschkovi sp. nov. is established based on the study of the main morphological characters of the shell. The new genus and the species O. bytschkovi are described and the species O. yakutensis (Kiparisova) is redescribed. The new data allow the taxonomic composition and the distribution of the Carnian ammonoids of the Boreal Realm to be updated.     

Systematic observations on tropical Asian medakas or ricefishes of the genusOryzias, with descriptions of four new species

The so-calledOryzias melastigma (McClelland, 1839), reported from India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Malaysia by numerous authors beginning with Day (1877), is based mainly or entirely onAplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822). India and Bangladesh have two species ofOryzias, both large. The deeper-bodied of these two species is reported for the first time asO. dancena (Hamilton, 1822). The other is identified asO. carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849). Myanmar has one large species,O. dancena, and one tiny species,O. uwai new species.Oryzias minutillus Smith, 1945 andO. uwai differ from all otherOryzias in having 4/5 instead of 5/6 principal caudal fin rays.Oryzias uwai differs fromO. minutillus in being more conspicuously pigmented and having large, 6-rayed pelvic fins often extending to anal fin origin instead of much smaller and shorter 5-rayed pelvic fins. In Thailand (including its part of the Mekong basin) three species are known: a large estuarine species tentatively identified asO. javanicus (Bleeker, 1854) and two tiny inland species,O. mekongensis Magtoon & Uwa, 1986, andO. minutillus. Oryzias minutillus from many localities are more or less melanoproctic, i.e. have a darkly pigmented genital or vent area not seen in other species. The Mekong basin in Laos has two large species,O. latipes (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) andO. pectoralis new species, distinguished by a prominent black blotch on the pectoral fin base, both recently collected in the Nam Theun watershed in central Laos; and two tiny species,O. mekongensis andO. minutillus. Only one species ofOryzias is known from the Mekong delta in Vietnam, the small moderately deep-bodiedO. haugiangensis new species, with 19–22 anal and 9–10 pectoral fin rays. The Indonesian island of Java has one large species,O. javanicus (Bleeker, 1852) with 21–25 anal and 11 pectoral fin rays, and one small species,O. hubbsi new species, with only 17–21 anal and 9 pectoral fin rays.     

Revision of the Australasian genus Orussobaius Benson (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Orussidae)

Abstract The Australasian genus Orussobaius Benson is revised. Seven species are recognised: Orussobaius paniculus sp. n. from Papua New Guinea, and six species from Australia: O. badius sp. n., O. caligneus sp. n., O. mesembrinus Benson, O. minutissimus sp. n., O. minutus Benson, and O. wilsoni Benson. Orussobaius normani Rayment (new synonymy) is removed from synonymy with O. wilsoni and treated as a junior synonym of O. minutus instead. With a body length of only 2 mm, O. minutissimus sp. n. is the smallest currently known sawfly species in the world. A key is provided and distribution maps are shown for all species. The genus Orussobaius is redefined on the basis of all species currently included.