卵母细胞透明带异常及其对助孕结局影响的研究进展

人类透明带(zona pellucida,ZP)是在卵泡发生过程中由卵母细胞和颗粒细胞共同分泌的由ZP1-ZP4四种糖蛋白分子组成的高度有序结构,它与卵母细胞的成熟、受精、胚胎发育及妊娠结局等预后紧密关联。许多生殖中心实验室发现有些患者的卵出现全部或部分的透明带异常,而且不同实验室发现的透明带异常类型各异。研究发现这些透明带异常与卵母细胞受精、胚胎发育及临床结局有一定的相关性。本文综述了关于透明带异常及其对卵母细胞受精、胚胎发育潜能和临床结局的影响的研究进展。     

体外受精-胚胎移植女性患者焦虑状况的影响因素分析及对妊娠结局的影响

摘要 目的：探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）女性患者焦虑状况的影响因素及对妊娠结局的影响。方法：选择2019年3月~2021年4月期间南京鼓楼医院生殖医学科收治的192例IVF-ET女性患者。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）评估所有患者焦虑状况。收集患者的临床资料,单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析IVF-ET女性患者焦虑的影响因素。观察不同焦虑状况患者的妊娠结局。结果：192例IVF-ET女性患者中,有37例（19.27%）患者出现焦虑状况。其中轻度焦虑15例（40.54%）、中度焦虑10例（27.03%）、重度焦虑12例（32.43%）。单因素分析结果显示,IVF-ET女性患者是否焦虑与家庭月收入、辅助生殖技术治疗失败史、文化程度、职业、不孕年限、年龄、社会支持、不孕类型、不孕原因有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：不孕类型为原发不孕、不孕原因为女方因素、年龄>34岁、家庭月收入<3000元、文化程度为高中或中专及以下是导致IVF-ET女性患者发生焦虑的危险因素（P<0.05）。无焦虑患者优胚例数、2PN受精例数、获卵例数、临床妊娠例数占比均高于焦虑患者（P<0.05）。结论：IVF-ET女性患者较易产生焦虑情绪,其焦虑状况受不孕类型、不孕原因、年龄、家庭月收入、文化程度影响,且焦虑状况还会影响患者的妊娠结局,临床工作中应对存在上述影响因素的患者进行积极心理疏导。     

个体动态化体重管理对体外受精-胚胎移植超重肥胖患者体重控制及妊娠结局的影响

目的:针对接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的超重肥胖患者实施个体动态化体重管理,探讨该干预方法对体重控制及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2017年5月至2018年12月就诊于我院拟行IVF-ET的超重肥胖患者共99例纳入本研究,随机分为实验组50例与对照组49例,分别采取个体动态化体重管理及常规干预的方法对两组进行体重管理,记录并统计干预前后相关指标的组间差异。结果:两组干预前后BMI的差值差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内膜厚度、获卵数、可用胚胎数、移植胚胎数的组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组临床妊娠率与活产率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);出生婴儿体重组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预满意度评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:个体动态化体重管理的干预方法可有效减轻接受IVF-ET的超重肥胖患者的体重,降低体重指数,提高IVF-ET的移植成功率、活产率,值得临床推广应用。     

通元针法对IVF-ET反复种植失败患者妊娠结局、性激素和焦虑抑郁影响的前瞻性随机对照研究

摘要 目的：观察通元针法对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）反复种植失败（RIF）患者妊娠结局、性激素和焦虑抑郁影响。方法：前瞻性选取广州中医药大学第一附属医院2019年5月到2021年4月期间收治的IVF-ET RIF患者122例，采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组（61例，常规治疗）和研究组（61例，对照组的基础上接受通元针法治疗）。观察两组临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率，记录治疗期间不良反应发生情况，观察治疗前后子宫内膜厚度和子宫内膜血流参数、性激素和焦虑抑郁的变化情况。结果：研究组的临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，研究组孕酮、雌二醇水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，研究组的子宫内膜血流搏动指数（PI）、子宫内膜血流阻力指数（RI）、子宫内膜血流收缩期最高血流速度/舒张末期血流速度（S/D）较治疗前降低，且低于对照组，子宫内膜厚度较对照组更厚（P<0.05）。治疗后，研究组Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比，无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：通元针法用于IVF-ET RIF患者，可有效调节人体性激素，缓解焦虑抑郁心情，改善妊娠结局，安全可靠。     

机械通气新生儿撤机失败的危险因素分析及预防对策探讨

摘要 目的：分析机械通气新生儿撤机失败的危险因素,并探讨预防对策。方法：回顾性选取2018年4月~2021年3月在我院接受机械通气治疗的256例新生儿的临床资料。根据是否发生撤机失败将患儿分为撤机成功组与撤机失败组。撤机失败的影响因素采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,并探讨预防对策。结果：256例接受机械通气的新生儿中,有29例发生撤机失败,撤机失败率为11.33%。单因素分析结果显示：撤机成功组与撤机失败组在胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、产伤情况、呼吸机相关性肺炎、多脏器功能损害、肺部感染、败血症、营养支持、撤机时血氧分压（PO₂）、撤机时心率、撤机时二氧化碳分压（PCO₂）方面对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：撤机时PO₂偏低、撤机时心率较高、撤机时PCO₂较高、多脏器功能损害、无营养支持、伴有肺部感染、发生呼吸机相关性肺炎、胎龄＜37周是导致机械通气新生儿撤机失败的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：导致机械通气新生儿撤机失败的危险因素较多,临床应针对危险因素进行干预,并在撤机前进行充分评估以减少撤机失败率。     

电针结合红外线照射对反复着床失败患者子宫内膜容受性、胚胎移植及妊娠情况的影响

目的:观察电针结合红外线照射对反复着床失败(RIF)患者子宫内膜容受性、胚胎移植及妊娠情况的影响。方法:选取102例于2015年5月-2018年5月在我院行复苏胚胎移植的RIF患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为电针结合红外线照射治疗组(A组,38例)、安慰针刺组(B组,34例)及空白对照组(C组,30例)。比较三组治疗前后血清雌二醇、孕酮水平,于治疗前后检测子宫内膜容受性超声学指标,包括子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积、血管血流指数(VFI)、内膜血流指数(FI)、阻力指数(RI),比较三组胚胎移植及妊娠情况。结果:三组治疗前后血清雌二醇、孕酮水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后A组子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积大于治疗前及B组、C组,VFI、FI高于治疗前及B组、C组,RI低于治疗前及B组、C组(P0.05)。三组移植胚胎数、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率比较无统计学差异(P0.05),A组胚胎着床率高于B组、C组(P0.05)。结论:电针结合红外线照射治疗RIF患者可以改善子宫内膜容受性,提高胚胎着床率。     

子宫内膜容受性检测技术在反复种植失败患者冻融胚胎移植中的应用价值及其临床妊娠的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨子宫内膜容受性检测（ERT）技术在反复种植失败患者冻融胚胎移植（FET）中的应用价值,并分析其临床妊娠的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2019年10月~2022年4月期间海南省妇女儿童医学中心收治的150例反复种植失败患者的临床资料,根据是否接受ERT技术分为ERT组（n=78,接受ERT技术）和无ERT组（n=72,未接受ERT技术）。按照反复种植失败患者是否临床妊娠分为临床妊娠组和未临床妊娠组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析临床妊娠的影响因素。结果：两组异位妊娠率组间对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。ERT组临床妊娠率、活产率高于无ERT组,移植日内膜厚度大于无ERT组,移植胚胎数少于无ERT组,流产率低于无ERT组（P<0.05）。所有患者按照是否临床妊娠分为临床妊娠组（n=85）和未临床妊娠组（n=65）。单因素分析结果显示：临床妊娠与年龄、移植胚胎类别、移植胚胎数量、总周期数、FSH、子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜类型有关（P<0.05）,而与体质量指数（BMI）、不孕年限、不孕类型、胚胎冷冻保存时间无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄偏大、FSH偏高是临床妊娠的危险因素,而移植胚胎类别为囊胚、移植胚胎数量偏多是临床妊娠的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：ERT技术用于反复种植失败患者FET中,可有效改善患者的临床妊娠。年龄、FSH、移植胚胎类别、移植胚胎数量是临床妊娠的影响因素。     

血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB联合检测在卵巢储备功能低下患者体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局中的应用价值

摘要 目的：血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、抗苗勒管激素（AMH）和抑制素B（INHB）联合检测在卵巢储备功能低下（DOR）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVR-ET）妊娠结局中的应用价值。方法：选择2019年8月~2021年10月我院行IVR-ET助孕的DOR患者292例,根据助孕后的妊娠结局分为妊娠组（n=158）和未妊娠组（n=134）,比较两组临床资料及血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB水平,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB单独及联合检测对妊娠失败的预测价值。应用单因素、多因素Logisitic回归分析妊娠失败的影响因素。结果：妊娠组血清25(OH)D、AMH、INHB水平显著高于未妊娠组（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清25(OH)D、AMH、INHB及三者联合检验对DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败的预测的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.714（0.631~0.802）、0.801（0.731~0.852）、0.634（0.578~0.741）、0.853（0.806~0.913）,三者联合检验对DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败预测AUC高于单独检验。单因素分析显示未妊娠组窦卵泡个数<5、获卵个数<8、卵泡刺激素（FSH）/黄体生成激素(LH)≥1.8、血清25(OH)D≤25.05 μg/L、血清AMH≤1.08 ng/mL、血清INHB≤84.28 pg/mL比例显著高于妊娠组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示FSH/LH≥1.8、血清25(OH)D≤25.05 μg/L、血清AMH≤1.08 ng/mL、血清INHB≤84.28 pg/mL是DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB 水平较低与DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败有关,且联合检测上述指标水平对患者IVR-ET妊娠失败有较高的辅助预测价值。     

空心钉张力带钢丝联合内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨空心钉张力带钢丝联合应用内固定在髌骨骨折患者中的临床疗效及安全性。方法:收集于我院就诊的150例髌骨骨折患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,各75例。对照组患者行钢丝环扎内固定术,实验组患者给予空心钉张力带钢丝内固定术。观察并比较两组患者骨折愈合时间、手术时间、临床治疗优良率以及患者的并发症的发生情况。结果:与对照组相比,实验组患者的骨折愈合时间显著缩短,但手术时间较长,治疗优良率较高,并发症发生率较低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与钢丝环扎内固定术比较,空心钉张力带钢丝联合应用治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效较好,安全性更高。     

ART中影响新生儿性别比的相关因素分析

辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology,ART)在给广大不孕不育患者带来福音的同时,也带来了男女出生性别比的失衡,相关影响因素有待研究分析。通过收集并分析2013年1月至2014年12月于广州医科大学附属第三医院接受ART治疗并成功分娩4 635个新生儿的3 462个周期患者的临床资料发现,ICSI组与IVF组比较,活产男婴比例没有统计学差异(P=0.07),但PESA/TESA-ICSI组出生男婴比例较IVF组显著降低(P=0.036);同时,移植囊胚期胚胎出生的男婴比例要显著高于移植卵裂期胚胎的男婴比例(P=0.005)。进一步的分层卡方检验结果显示,除去授精方式的影响,移植胚胎期别仍然可以影响出生婴儿的性别比(P=0.021)。但多因素logistic回归分析提示,以上因素均不能构成独立预测因素。上述结果表明在体外受精-胚胎移植周期中,移植囊胚期胚胎可显著增加男婴出生比例,而PESA/TESA-ICSI授精方式则会显著降低男婴出生比例。     

Blood metal/metalloid concentration of male subjects undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment outcomes: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundPrevious epidemiology studies reported that heavy metal/metalloid exposure is associated with the impairment of semen quality. However, it is still not clear whether the in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment outcome will be affected after the heavy metal/metalloid exposure of the male partners.MethodsA prospective cohort study with a 2-year followed-up was conducted in a tertiary IVF center. A total of 111 couples undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment were initially recruited from November 2015 to November 2016. Male blood concentrations of heavy metal/metalloid including Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Hg, and Pb were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the lab and pregnancy outcome data were followed up. The associations between male blood heavy metal/metalloid concentration and the clinical outcomes were analyzed by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsOur results showed that none of the heavy metal/metalloid of male partners we investigated are significantly associated with the oocyte fertilization and good embryo (P ≥ 0.05); however, antral follicle count (AFC) was a protective factor for the oocyte fertilization (RR: 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.10). The blood Fe concentration of the male partner was positively associated (P < 0.05) with pregnancy in the first fresh cycle (RR:170.93, 95 % CI: 4.13–7082.04), cumulative pregnancy (RR: 23.61, 95 % CI: 3.25–171.64) and cumulative live birth (RR: 36.42, 95 % CI: 1.21–1092.54). In the first frozen embryo cycles, pregnancy was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the blood Mn (RR: 0.01, 95 % CI:0.00–0.11) and Se concentration (RR: 0.01, 95 % CI:8.25 E-5–0.47) and female age (RR: 0.86, 95 % CI:0.75–0.99); live birth was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the blood Mn concentration (RR: 0.00, 95 % CI: 1.14E-7–0.51).ConclusionsOur results suggested that the higher male blood Fe concentration was positively associated with pregnancy in the fresh embryo transfer cycle, cumulative pregnancy, and cumulative live birth, whereas the higher male blood Mn and Se concentration were associated with lower chance of pregnancy and live birth in the frozen embryo transfer cycle. However, the underline mechanism of this finding still needs further investigation.     

体外受精-胚胎移植技术妊娠后流产的危险因素分析

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植技术妊娠后流产的危险因素。方法:采用t检验、受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)以及二元Logistic回归分析分别对2015年1月至2017年12月我中心行体外受精-胚胎移植技术(In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)及卵胞浆内单精子注射技术(Intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)后妊娠的242例临床妊娠患者临床参数包括年龄、身体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)、基础卵泡生成素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)水平、促性腺激素(Gonadotropins,Gn)总用量、Gn天数、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(Human choionic gonadotophin,HCG)日LH、E2、黄体酮(progesterone,P)水平、移植日子宫内膜厚度以及移植后14-16天血HCG浓度进行回顾性分析。结果:流产组与继续妊娠组年龄、移植后14-16天血HCG浓度分别31.44±4.40岁和29.59±3.94岁、396.96±377.66 IU/L和702.85±496.91 IU/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过ROC曲线对各临床参数分析后求得各参数的cut-off值并以此为标准分组,结果显示不同年龄(29.41%和9.42%)以及移植后14-16天血HCG浓度(4.20%和22.76%)分组流产率比较差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析上述参数与流产率的相关性,结果提示仅年龄、移植后14-16天血HCG水平与妊娠后流产率有显著相关性(P=0.01,P=0.001)。结论:年龄>33岁、移植后14-16天血HCG浓度≤582.6IU/L是IVF/ICSI妊娠后流产的独立危险因素,对此类患者进行治疗时应考虑到其流产的风险并提前采取预防措施避免不良妊娠结局。     

Deficiency in fertilization by morphologically abnormal sperm produced by Azh mutant mice

Male mice homozygous for the azh mutation produce spermatozoa with abnormal head shapes and have significantly reduced fecundity, to between 5% and 10% that of wild-type or heterozygous mice. Several possible causes of this infertility were investigated. No gross endocrine disorders in azh/azh male mice were observed, and they exhibited apparently normal mating behavior. In addition, their sperm were motile, were capable of hyperactivated motility, and did not show premature acrosome reactions. However, quantitative analysis revealed slight but significant reductions in several motility parameters. Analysis of embryos following mating of azh/azh males with superovulated females indicated a reduction in the number of fertilized eggs compared to control matings. In vitro, spermatozoa from azh/azh mice failed to fertilize cumulus-intact/zona-intact and cumulus-free/zona-intact ova, although they successfully fertilized zonafree ova. These results indicate that the primary defect in fertility of azh/azh male mice is a result of sperm quality, likely, in sperm morphology, and is manifest at the level of interaction with the zona pellucida. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

猪卵母细胞的体外受精及多精受精

对用于猪体外受精(IVF)的研究方法和技术,如传统的液滴IVF、透明带下注射精子受精(SUZI)、卵母细胞质内单精注射受精(ICSI)及细管IVF等进行了简述。与其它动物相比,进行猪卵的体外受精研究,多精受精现象特别明显。大量的研究表明,猪卵的多精受精不但与其品种特性有关,而且与卵母细胞成熟的程度、透明带的异常、受精时获能精子的浓度、输卵管分泌物、受精液蛋白添加成分、NaHCO3浓度、咖啡因、pH值以及温度等因素密切相关。     

In vivo survival of domestic cat oocytes after vitrification, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer

We evaluated: (1) cleavage rate after IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of in vivo- and in vitro-matured oocytes after vitrification (experiment 1); and (2) fetal development after transfer of resultant ICSI-derived embryos into recipients (experiment 2). In vivo-matured cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered from gonadotropin-treated donors at 24 h after LH treatment. In vitro-matured oocytes were obtained by mincing ovaries (from local veterinary clinics) and placing COCs into maturation medium for 24 h. Mature oocytes were denuded and cryopreserved in a vitrification solution of 15% DMSO, 15% ethylene glycol, and 18% sucrose. In experiment 1, for both in vivo- and in vitro-matured oocytes, cleavage frequencies after IVF of control and vitrified oocytes and after ICSI of vitrified oocytes were not different (P > 0.05). After vitrification, blastocyst development occurred only in IVF-derived, in vitro-matured oocytes. In experiment 2, 18 presumptive zygotes and four two-cell embryos derived by ICSI of vitrified in vitro-matured oocytes and 19 presumptive zygotes produced from seven in vivo- and 12 in vitro-matured oocytes were transferred by laparoscopy into the oviducts of two recipients, respectively. On Day 21, there were three fetuses in one recipient and one fetus in the other. On Days 63 and 66 of gestation, four live kittens were born. In vivo viability of zygotes and/or embryos produced via ICSI of vitrified oocytes was established by birth of live kittens after transfer to recipients.     

Subzonal microinjection of mouse spermatozoa: insufficient sperm motility might induce phagocytosis

Acrosome-reacted CB6F1 mouse spermatozoa with slight flagellar motility were microinjected under the zona pellucida of CB6F1 mouse oocytes. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of swollen and decondensed sperm heads in the oocyte cytoplasm. Sixty-one percent of the microinjected oocytes reached a morphologically apparent two-cell stage, but chromosomal analysis demonstrated only haploid chromosomal complements in all cases. The exposure of microinjected oocytes to suspensions of spermatozoa of mice homozygous for a 2,4 reciprocal translocation resulted in normal fertilization and embryonic development with a maternally as well as a paternally derived haploid genome. Identical results were obtained with oocytes microinjected with medium and subjected to in vitro fertilization thereafter. Thus it can be suggested that the microinjected spermatozoa with insufficient flagellar motility are incorporated into the oocyte cytoplasm by phagocytosis. These spermatozoa do not induce a polyspermy block but induce the oocyte to parthenogenetic development.     

低温保存的小鼠卵母细胞的体外授精研究

采用75分钟和150分钟两种精卵作用时间,对经6℃低温处理2小时和6小时的小鼠卵母细胞进行体外受精。精卵作用75分钟后,经6℃处理的卵子无一受精,而对照组的受精率为30.7％。作用150分钟后,低温处理2小时、6小时和对照组的受精率分别为62.0％,36.55％和76.0％。并对试验所出现的现象作了讨论。