β-乳香酸对血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和血管内皮功能的影响

目的:研究β-乳香酸(β-BA)对血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和血管内皮功能的影响。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、模型组、低剂量β-BA(100 mg/kg)组、高剂量β-BA(200 mg/kg)组,每组6只,每12小时给药1次、连续给药7次,第5次给药后,除空白组大鼠外,给予皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素(0.8 mg/kg)2次,间隔4小时,中间给予冰水(0-2℃)刺激5分钟造成大鼠急性血瘀证模型。最后一次给药30分钟内腹主动脉取血检测不同切变率下的全血粘度(WBV)、凝血指标、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)浓度,并取颈动脉观察病理变化。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型组全血粘度明显升高(P0.01),凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)显著缩短(P0.01),纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量增加(P0.01),血浆ET-1水平升高,血浆NO含量降低(P0.01)。与模型组相比,β-BA组全血粘度明显降低,TT、APTT、PT显著延长(P0.01),纤维蛋白原含量减少(P0.01),血浆ET-1水平降低,血浆NO水平升高(P0.01)。结论:β-乳香酸能显著改善血瘀证大鼠血液流变学异常,并保护其血管内皮功能。     

二种血瘀证动物模型内皮功能及血液流变学的比较

目的通过对二种血瘀证大鼠模型的内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）和血液流变学指标进行比较,探讨其在血瘀证量化诊断中的意义。方法SD大鼠50只,分别建立气虚血瘀证和气滞寒凝血瘀证动物模型,测定二种模型血浆ET和NO水平,用LBY-N6B全自动自清洗血流变仪对二种模型进行血液流变学的分析。结果（1）与模型对照组比较,气虚血瘀模型组全血黏度低切变率、毛细管血浆黏度均明显增加（分别为P〈0.05）,血浆ET水平显著升高（P〈0.01）,NO水平显著降低（P〈0.01）;（2）与空白对照组比较,气滞寒凝血瘀模型组全血黏度低切、中切、高切以及毛细管血浆黏度均明显增加（分别为P〈0.01）,红细胞聚集指数增加（P〈0.05）,血浆ET水平显著升高（P〈0.01）,NO水平显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论内皮细胞损伤,ET和NO比例失衡可能是血瘀证量化诊断的重要指标。     

黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变的影响

目的:观察黄芪注射液对2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变的影响,探讨黄芪注射液对糖尿病脑血管病变的保护作用.方法:饲养至14周龄的雄性KKAy小鼠随机分成模型组和黄芪注射液治疗组(每日腹腔给药,剂量为3 mL/kg),同龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为对照组.血糖仪测量20、24、28周龄时各组小鼠的空腹血糖水平.28周龄时处死各组小鼠,放射免疫法检测血清6-酮-前列腺素-F1α( 6-Keto-PGF1α)和血栓素B2(TXB2)的含量.透射电子显微镜观察脑组织超微结构变化.结果:模型组KKAy小鼠从20周龄开始血糖水平明显高于正常组小鼠(P＜0.01);黄芪治疗组小鼠从20周龄开始血糖水平明显高于正常组小鼠(P＜0.01),但低于模型组小鼠(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).模型组小鼠血清6-Keto-PGF1α水平较正常组降低(P＜0.01),TXB2含量增高(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,黄芪注射液治疗组小鼠6-Keto-PGF1α水平升高(P＜0.01),TXB2含量下降(P＜0.01).透射电镜显示模型组小鼠神经细胞胞核染色质疏松,线粒体肿胀,粗面内质网缩小,核糖体减少;治疗组小鼠以上病变明显改善.结论:黄芪注射液可以有效改善2型糖尿病动物模型KKAy小鼠脑微血管病变,保护神经细胞结构.     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB2、PGFla的变化

目的:探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法:采用慢性束缚应激+过度疲劳+饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度均显著升高(P<0.001),红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.001),红细胞压积显著升高(P<0.01),红细胞变形指数无显著性差异(P>0.05);血浆TXB2显著升高(P<0.001),6-keto-PGF1a显著降低(P<0.05),TXB2/PGF1a显著升高(P<0.01);模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度仍显著升高(P<0.001或P<0.01);红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.001);红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异(P>0.05);血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低(P<0.05),6-keto-PGF1a显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流...     

番茄红素对高同型半胱氨酸血症大鼠血管内皮舒缩功能和纤溶功能的影响

本文研究了补充番茄红素对高同型半胱氨酸血症大鼠血液Hcy的影响,及对血管内皮舒缩功能和纤溶功能的影响。SD大鼠30只,随机分为普通饮食组(C)、蛋氨酸饮食组(M)、蛋氨酸饮食+番茄红素组(ML)。ML组灌胃番茄红素(6.25 mg/kg),每天2 m L,其余组灌胃同等剂量生理盐水,共8周。末次实验后24 h,测试血浆Hcy、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α、t-PA和PAI。实验结果表明8周高蛋氨酸饮食可导致大鼠形成高同型半胱氨酸血症,血浆Hcy、TXB2和PAI显著升高(P0.01),6-Keto-PGF1α和t-PA显著降低(P0.01),血管舒缩和纤溶功能紊乱。但8周番茄红素补充可以显著降低血浆Hcy和TXB2,增加6-Keto-PGF1α含量,同时调节t-PA和PAI的活性,改善纤溶功能,预防动脉粥样硬化病的形成。     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB2、PGF1a的变化

目的:探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法:采用慢性束缚应激 过度疲劳 饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果:与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度和还原粘度均显著升高(P＜0．001),红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P＜0．001),红细胞压积显著升高(P＜0．01),红细胞变形指数无显著性差异(P＞0．05);血浆TXB2显著升高(P＜0．001),6-keto-PGF1a显著降低(P＜0．05), TXB2/PGF1a显著升高(P＜0．01);模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度和还原粘度仍显著升高(P＜0．001或P＜0．01);红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P＜0．001);红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异(P＞0．05);血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低(P＜0．05),6-keto-PGF1a显著升高(P＜0．05)。结论:肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流变的异常和血浆TXA2-PGI2的平衡失调,主要涉及到血小板和血浆因素的参与。     

肝郁脾虚证模型大鼠血流变及TXB_2、PGFla的变化（英文）

目的：探查中医肝郁脾虚证模型的血流变及相关调节因子的状态。方法：采用慢性束缚应激＋过度疲劳＋饮食失节法建立大鼠肝郁脾虚证模型,测定大鼠造模三周、自然恢复一周时的血流变和血浆TXB2、PGF1a。结果：与正常组相比,模型组大鼠造模三周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度均显著升高（P〈0.001）,红细胞聚集指数显著降低（P〈0.001）,红细胞压积显著升高（P〈0.01）,红细胞变形指数无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;血浆TXB2显著升高（P〈0.001）,6-keto-PGF1a显著降低（P〈0.05）,TXB2/PGF1a显著升高（P〈0.01）;模型组大鼠第四周150/s、38/s、10/s、5/s切变率下的全血粘度、还原粘度仍显著升高（P〈0.001或P〈0.01）;红细胞聚集指数显著降低（P〈0.001）;红细胞压积与变形指数无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;血浆TXB2和TXB2/PGF1a显著降低（P〈0.05）,6-keto-PGF1a显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论：肝郁脾虚证大鼠存在血液高粘和血栓易形成状态,恢复期血液高粘同时伴有扩血管因素的加强。提示肝郁脾虚证有血流变的异常和血浆TXB2-PGI2的平衡失调,主要涉及到血小板和血浆因素的参与。     

芪蛭三七汤治疗气虚痰瘀阻络型不稳定型心绞痛患者的疗效及作用机制研究

目的:探讨芪蛭三七汤治疗气虚痰瘀阻络型不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者的疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法:选择2017年1月～2019年1月我院收治的109例气虚痰瘀阻络型UA患者,按数表法随机分为观察组与对照组。对照组患者给予常规心内科监护及规范治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上给予自拟的芪蛭三七汤口服治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后的中医证候总积分、心绞痛的发作频率、硝酸甘油的用量、血液流变学指标(全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、纤维蛋白原及血浆粘度)及内皮功能指标[一氧化氮(NO)、血栓素B2(TXB2)和内皮素-1(ET-1)]水平。结果:治疗过程中有7例患者中途退出,实际入组102例,观察组的总有效率为95.92%(47/49),高于对照组的73.58%(39/53)(P0.05);治疗后两组患者的中医证候评分、心绞痛的发作频率及硝酸甘油的用量、血液流变学指标、TXB2、ET-1均显著低于治疗前,且观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者的NO水平显著上升,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:芪蛭三七汤治疗气虚痰瘀阻络型UA效果显著,其作用机制可能与降低患者血液粘度、促进血液循环及改善内皮功能有关。     

黄芪红花配伍对大鼠脑缺血后血管新生及Cav-1/VEGF信号通路的影响

目的:黄芪红花配伍是否通过调节小凹蛋白1(Caveolin-1,Cav-1)/血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)通路促进血管新生保护大鼠脑缺血损伤。方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5个组:对照组(Sham组,n=12),模型组(MACO组,n=12),黄芪红花40:1组(n=12),20:1组(n=12),5:1(n=12)。大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型采用尼龙线栓法制作,连续给药21d后,评价神经功能学评分,计算脑梗死体积,采用免疫组化法测定皮质区的微血管密度,采用RT-PCR法检测皮质区VEGF m RNA和Cav-1 m RNA表达,采用Western-blotting法测定皮质区VEGF和Cav-1的蛋白表达。结果:连续给药21d后,各组大鼠的神经功能学评分均有所降低,3个不同比例的黄芪红花组的神经功能学评分降低最为明显(P0.01),脑梗死体积较模型组显著减少(P0.05~P0.01),微血管密度、VEGF和Cav-1 m RNA和蛋白表达水平均较模型组明显升高(P0.05~P0.01)。结论:黄芪红花配伍可能通过调节Cav-1/VEGF信号通路促进脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑内的血管新生,从而减轻脑缺血损伤,且最佳的配伍比例为黄芪红花5:1。     

大鼠脑缺血-再灌注前后血浆TXB2及6-Keto-PGF1α含量的变化

目的:本实验旨在揭示脑缺血-再灌注损伤前后大鼠血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)及6-酮前列腺环素F1(6-Keto-PGF1α)的动态变化.方法:制作脑缺血-再灌注大鼠模型,45只健康SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和假手术组大鼠.在术后1天、3天、5天和7天分别观察大鼠血浆TXB2和6-Keto-PGF1α含量.结果:线栓大脑中动脉后造成脑缺血,血浆TXB2含量和TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(p＜0.05或0.01),在缺血第1天最显著.结论:脑缺血-再灌注损伤后,血浆TXB2和TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α的变化规律可为临床缺血性脑损伤治疗提供重要参考.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。