新疆发现外来入侵物种牛蛙

正牛蛙(Lithobates catesbeianus=Rana catesbeiana)被IUCN列为全球100种最具危害的外来入侵种(Lowe et al. 2000),同时也是我国公布的第一批外来入侵物种名单中惟一的陆栖脊椎动物(王彦平等2006),可通过竞争、捕食和疾病传播等多种方式危害我国两栖类(Wu et al. 2005,Wang et al. 2007,Liu et al. 2013,Liu et al. 2015)。牛蛙目前已成功入侵我国中、东、西南部的广大区域如浙江、安徽、湖南、四川、贵州、云南等地(武正军等2004,     

In vivo tunable CRISPR mediates efficient somatic mutagenesis to generate tumor models

Dear Editor, CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing technology due to its simplicity and robustness (Mali et al., 2013). Several inducible CRISPR/Cas9 systems recently developed make spatiotemporal genome editing possible (Kon ermann et al., 2013;Balboa et al., 2015;Dow et al., 2015;Zetsche et al., 2015;Liu et al., 2016;Kleinjan et al., 2017;Maji et al.. 2017;Senturk et al., 2017;Lu et al., 2018).     

Generation of marker-free transgenic rice using CRISPR/Cas9 system controlled by ?oral speci?c promoters

Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used as a powerful tool for genome editing in many species (Jinek et al., 2012;Cong et al., 2013;Wright et al., 2016;Li et al., 2017;Deng et al., 2018). The CR1SPR/Cas9 system can not only be used as a useful technology to disrupt endogenous genes but also expand numerous other applications, such as precise base editing (Komor et al., 2016;Zong et al., 2017), regulation of gene expression (Gilbert et al., 2013), and gene replacement or insertion (Wang et al., 2017).     

Novel Recombinant Seneca Valley Virus Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs in Guangdong Province

<正>Dear Editor,Since the first outbreak in Brazil in 2015, Seneca Valley virus(SVV) associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease,has shown increasing geographic distribution. Cases of SVV have been reported from several countries including the United States (US), Colombia, Thailand, Canada, and China(Pasma et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2015; Sun et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018; Saeng-Chuto et al. 2018). SVV     

Cotton variant genomes—a breakthrough in population genetics analysis

正Cotton is not only an important cash crop for its fiber,but also an excellent model system for studying polyploidization,cell elongation and cell wall biosynthesis(Yang et al.,2014;Fang et al.,2017;Wang et al.,2016;Zou et al.,2016).A focus for scientists is to dissect the genetic basis underlying important agronomic traits(Gong et al.,2018;Huang et al.,2016).The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has boosted unveiling the cotton genome(Wang et al.,2012;Li et al.,2014;Li et al.,2015).High-throughput     

SOCS-3 contributes to bisphenol a exposure-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes

<正>Dear Editor,Bisphenol A (BPA), a common and widely used monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin,(Healy et al., 2015; De Filippis et al., 2018) has been defined as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with the etiology of insulin resistance (IR)(Gioiosa et al., 2015;Wei et al., 2017) and metabolic disorders (Padmanabhan et al., 2010; Fang et al., 2015; Balistrieri et al., 2018). However,     

Resident endothelial cells generate hepatocytes through cell fusion in adult mouse liver

正Unravelling lineage plasticity and cellular contribution to hepatocytes provides valuable information for understanding sources that fuel homeostatic renewal of the liver(Miyajima et al.,2014).In the adult stage,hepatocytes are mainly self-renewed through cell division(Schaub et al.,2014;Tarlow et al.,2014;Yanger et al.,2014).Under severe injury or when hepatocyte proliferation is significantly impaired,cholangiocytes or biliary epithelial cells contribute to hepatocytes(Raven et al.,2017;Deng et al.,2018).It     

The Limitation of Rapid Tests for DENV2 Infection in Host with Unique Immune Status: Low NS1 Antigenemia and Deficient Antibody Responses

正Dear Editor,Dengue infections are caused by all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1–4). In recent years it has been confirmed that DENV-1 and DENV-2 are co-circulated in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Lai et al. 2015; Luo et al.2017). DENV-2 strains were imported from Thailand and Indonesia (Luo et al. 2017; Zhao et al. 2014, 2016), and had become the second local circulated serotype in Guangzhou.     

中国公布的3 批外来入侵植物种类特征与入侵现状分析

生物入侵是当今世界各国发展的一大挑战。外来入侵物种已对各国经济造成了不同程度的影响, 中国也未能幸免。为了防止外来物种入侵, 减轻其对我国造成的影响, 国家环保总局先后于2003 年、2010 年及2014 年公布了3 批中国外来入侵物种名单。据统计, 中国公布的3 批外来物种名单中的外来入侵植物共29 种, 占半数以上, 其中菊科和禾本科植物合计20 种, 约占3 批外来入侵植物总种数的68.96%; 生活型为草本的植物最多, 占96.55%; 原产地为美洲的占93.10%。3 批外来入侵植物中62.07%的植物是非有意引入的, 现今已全部建立种群, 且在全国各地大范围扩散。     

密簇斜盖伞菌中水溶性多糖的研究*IV．抑瘤活性的比较研究

近年来有关多糖抑瘤作用与结构的关系已有不少报道(Chihara,1970;Ueno et al.,1982;Miya-zaki et al.,1979;Misaki et al.,1981;Inoue et al.,1983;张翼伸、李冶平,1981),但尚无严格的规律可循。不同的多糖结构,不同的瘤株,剂量大小,给药途径等都有不同的效应。为进一步探讨多糖抑瘤与结构的关系,作者以密簇斜盖伞菌(Clitopilus caespitosus)中提取的两种多糖及其化学修饰物为材料,对它们的抑瘤活性进行了比较研究,现将结果报道如下。     

Advances in quantitative assessment of parkinsonian motor symptoms with wearable devices

正Parkinson’s disease (PD) is featured with motor disorder and nonmotor manifestations (Li et al., 2017; Zhang et al. 2016)under the pathological change of Substantia Nigra (Dong et al., 2017) and non substantia nigra including medial prefrontal cortex (Li et al., 2017). Its primary motor symptoms include tremor (oscillatory movement), bradykinesia (slowness of motion), rigidity (increment of muscle tone), and postural instability, which seriously affect patients’ quality of life (Du and Chen, 2017). With the progress of the disease,complications such as motor fluctuation and dyskinesia will gradually appear, so that long-term monitoring of motor     

CRISPR/Cas9-introduced single and multiple mutagenesis in strawberry

正CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful tool for life science research. Recently, strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), an important horticultural crop, has emerged as a model organism for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and ripening (Shulaev et al., 2011; Jia et al., 2013, 2017; Kang et al., 2013; Han et al., 2015). While most cultivated strawberries     

From herbal small RNAs to one medicine

<正>In this special topic "Herbal small RNAs, novel precision medicine from Mother Nature", we present four original articles that study the entry of small RNAs derived from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine into mammalian cells and their function within human and mouse cells, and one review paper focusing on current trends in herb genomics (Du et al., 2017; Huang et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2018;Li et al., 2019; Xin et al., 2018).     

Applying image clustering to phylogenetic analysis:A trialOA

<正>Phylogenetic studies have increased in recent years,largely due to rapid developments in sequencing techniques (Tucker et al.,2017).However,molecular phylogenetic studies rely on collecting biomaterials,which limits their applicability to many,especially small,rare plants,or inaccessible plants.Recently,image classification using supervised or semi-supervised approaches (Dyrmann et al.,2016;W?ldchen et al., 2018;Draper et al.,2020;     

Rare variants in novel and known genes associated with primary angle closure glaucoma based on whole exome sequencing of 549 probands

<正>Primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG)is one of the most common causes of irreversible blindness in Asia and about 80%of PACG are present in Asia(Song et al.,2017).Genetics plays an important role in the development of PACG(Gramer et al.,2014).Recently,eight common SNPs were found to be strongly associated with PACG(Vithana et al.,2012;Khor et al.,2016)and mutations in MYRF cause high hyperopia accompanied with PACG(Xiao et al.,2019).However,the genetic defects underlying PACG are still     

Bi-functional selection markers assist segregation of transgene-free,genome-edited mutants

正Dear Editor,In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has been successfully applied in various plants for functional analysis or crop improvement (Chen et al., 2019). We previously reported DNA-free genome-editing methods to generate transgene-free mutants (Liang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2016).     

青城山森林公园兽类和鸟类资源初步调查: 基于红外相机数据

<正>陆生脊椎动物是生物多样性保护和管理评价的重要指示类群(Morrison et al.,2007;Liu et al.,2013)。全球多数生态系统中,许多大中型脊椎动物的种群数量在急剧下降,不少物种甚至遭遇灭顶之灾。而人类活动影响(如猎杀、森林砍伐、外来物种侵入、栖息地破坏和片断化等)是引起这些野生动物种群和群落变化的直接或间接原因(Morrison et al.,2007)。同时,野生动物种群和群落变化对生态系统其他物种也产生了严重的生态后果,如食果动物的     

广西中越边境的外来入侵植物

【目的】广西中越边境是中国通往东盟各国的重要通道。近年来,外来入侵植物对该地区的生态安全和经济发展都产生了严重的威胁。为有效预防和控制中越边境的外来入侵植物,保障中越边境地区生态安全和经济健康发展,需要掌握中越边境外来入侵植物的基本信息。【方法】通过实地调查、拍照和采集标本,分析广西中越边境外来入侵植物的种类组成、生活型和危害程度等;通过文献资料,了解所调查外来入侵植物的原产地和入侵途径等。【结果】广西中越边境外来入侵植物共121种,隶属于38科,其中菊科最多,有26种,豆科次之,有11种;外来入侵植物以草本为主,有102种,占总种数的84.30%;原产地来源最多的是美洲,有92种,占总种数的68.66%;人为有意引入有68种,占总种数的56.20%;严重危害的有23种,中等危害的有32种,一般危害的有66种。【结论】广西中越边境外来入侵植物种类多且分布范围广、传播途径复杂、危害严重种类多,急需对广西中越边境的外来入侵植物进行预防和控制,特别是要严密监控新发生入侵种类的动态,积极控制已产生危害的严重种类,实行预防为主、防治结合的原则。     

北京市典型公园外来入侵植物分布格局

近年来城市发展迅速,生境破碎化加剧,生物入侵的风险大大增加。外来入侵植物已入侵城市绿地生态系统,部分已成为城市公园生境中的优势种,占据本地植物生存空间、威胁本地植物生物多样性。为研究北京市公园外来入侵植物分布格局,以北京市4个不同功能区(核心区、拓展区、近郊区和远郊区)为研究区域进行外来入侵植物调查,基于19个典型公园的255个样方调查数据,对比不同功能区公园外来入侵植物组成和分布格局。调查共记录外来入侵植物40种,隶属于12科29属,其中菊科为优势科、一年生草本居多,牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)和小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)的频次和生态位宽度较大,分布较广泛,大狼杷草(Bidens frondose)和凹头苋(Amaranthus blitum)的优势度最大,资源竞争能力较强。外来入侵植物在拓展区公园的丰富度最高,核心区最低,对四个功能区的对比分析结果表明:(1)拓展区公园的外来入侵植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于核心区和远郊区,外来入侵植物Simpson指数则呈现出远郊区显著高于拓展区和近郊区的特征(P<0.05),本地植物则正好相反;(2)拓展区公园的外来入侵植物入侵强度系数(Invasion intensity index,III)最高,且显著高于核心区(P=0.008),其他功能区之间无显著差异;(3)核心区公园与其他三个区群落组成不同,其余三个功能区均较为相似。研究表明北京市公园外来入侵植物的丰富度除核心区以外整体上与城市化梯度呈正相关,核心区公园植物群落抵御外来入侵植物的能力较弱,拓展区公园植物群落中外来入侵植物丰富度高、分布均匀并处于优势地位,需及时治理。     

DPB3 and DPB4 proteins regulate Medicago flowering and leaf anthocyanin biosynthesis

<正>As important subunits of the leading-strand DNA polymerase epsilon,chromatin remodeling,and histone acetylation complexes,the H2A/H2B-like histone-fold domain-containing proteins DNA PO-LYMERASE II SUBUNIT B3 (DPB3) and DPB4 play key roles in nucleosome assembly and heterochromatin maintenance during DNA replication in yeast,Drosophila,and mammals (He et al.,2017;Bellelli et al.,2018;Yu et al.,2018;Casari et al.,2021).